中医英语翻译概论

按一下以編輯母片標題樣式,按一下以編輯母片,第二層,第三層,第四層,第五層,*,TCM Translation,Theory,中医英语翻译理论,1 中医翻译概论,1.1 仿造,翻译 SL 的無等值词汇時，用 TL 中的直接对应词代換無等值词汇的組成部分(词素/词),借用英语中已有的相关單词來表达中医学特有的概念,肝血,liver blood,血虚,blood deficiency,活血化瘀,activating blood to resolve stagnation,1 中医翻译概论,1.1 仿造,句子层次的翻译也能运用仿造法,從阴阳翻则生，逆之翻则死。,Following(the law of)yin and yang ensures life,while violating it leads to death.,阴虚翻则热，阳虚翻则寒。,Deficiency of yin generates heat and deficiency of yang produces cold.,1 中医翻译概论,1.2 定义化,中医术语高度凝煉，难以用同樣長短的英语表达清楚,翻译往往以解釋、定义方式進行,辨证论治,diagnosis and treatment based on the overall analysis of symptoms and signs,虚脹,Flatulence due to yang-deficiency of the spleen and kidney,1 中医翻译概论,1.2 定义化,缺点,简洁变冗長，违反科技术语翻译、使用的原翻则,和语境难以配合,有碍中医术语英译迈向规范,简化,处理,辨证论治,treatment based on syndrome differentiation,(Li),identifying patterns and determining treatment,(,Wiseman,),虚,胀,deficiency-flatulence,vacuity distension,1 中医翻译概论,1.3 词义分化,同一中医术语在不同语境下，可以有不同涵义(一词多义 polysemy),同一概念也可用不同术语表达(同义词 synonymy),虚,asthenia,deficiency,insufficiency,weakness,debility,hypofunction,1 中医翻译概论,1.3 词义分化,脾虚,asthenia of the spleen,(Li),spleen vacuity,(Wiseman),spleen deficiency,(WHO draft)*,脾虚水泛,hypofunction of the spleen*,(Li),体虚,weakness/debility,1 中医翻译概论,1.3 词义分化,必須,考虑语境,a)肾藏精，精舍志。,精指精气,The kidney stores essence and the essence maintains activities.,b),精,1,伤翻则骨痠痿厥，,精,2,時自下。,精,1,指,肾精,；,精,2,指,精液,The damage of the kidney,essence,causes aching and flaccidity of the bones as well as cold sensation in the limbs,which will further leads to frequent,seminal,emission.,1 中医翻译概论,1.3 词义分化,(續),必須考虑语境,c)脈理,精,微，其体难辨。,精,指,精深,The theory of pulse is very,profound,and the conditions of pulse are difficult to differentiate.,1 中医翻译概论,1.4 拼音化,當英语無法表达中医特有概念時，用拼音翻译,气,Vital energy*,Qi,动笔！which term(s)should be phonetically transcribed?,四气五味,four properties and five tastes,(Li),four natures and five flavors,(Wiseman),滋阴降火,nourishing yin to reduce fire,enriching yin and downbearing fire,2 中医翻译的困难,2.1 词汇缺口(lexical gap),翻译人員各有不同考虑、偏好,五行,fi,ve elements,five phases,wuxing,命門,gate of life,vital gate,vitaport,mingmen,三焦,three warmers,triple burners,three heaters,triple energizers,sanjiao,五脏,five solid organs,five bowels,five zang-organs,five zang-visceras,wuzang,2 中医翻译的困难,2.2 理解偏差,历時、文化因素，使得术语理解困难,失笑散,Powder for Lost Smiles*,Sudden Smile Powder,黃帝內经,Yellow Emperors Internal Medicine*,(Huangdis)Canon of Medicine,Huangdis Classics on Medicine,Huangdis Internal Classic,Huangdi,Neijing,2 中医翻译的困难,重要经典译名舉隅,素問,Plain Questions,Elementary Questions,灵樞,Miraculous Pivot,Pivotal Axis,Magic Pivot,类经,Systematic Compilation of the Internal Classic,Classified Canon,难经,Difficult Classic*,Classic on Medical Problems*,Classic of Difficult Issues,伤寒杂病论,Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases,On Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases,金匱要略,Synopsis of Golden Chamber,Important Strategies from the Golden Chest,Essential Prescription of the Golden Coffer,2 中医翻译的困难,重要经典译名舉隅,神農本草经,Shen Nongs Herbal,The Herbal,The Canon on Medicinal Herbs,Divine Husbandmans Herbal Foundation Canon,本草綱目,Compendium of Materia Medica,Comprehensive Herbal Foundation,本草備要,Essentials of Materia Medica,Essential Herbal Foundation,瀕湖脈学,The Pulse Studies of Bin-hu,Bin-hu Sphygmology,2 中医翻译的困难,重要经典译名舉隅,(續),太平惠民和劑局方,Formularies of the Bureau of Peoples Welfare Pharmacies,Standard Formularies of the Pharmacy for Peoples Welfare in Taiping Reign-Period,Formulas of the Tai Ping Imperial Grace Pharmacy,湯頭歌訣,Recipes in Rhymes,溫病條辨,Detailed Analysis of Epidemic Febrile Diseases,An Analysis on Warm Diseases,Systematized Identification of Warms Diseases,2 中医翻译的困难,重要经典译名舉隅,(續),時病论,On Seasonal Diseases,傅青主女科,Fu Qing-zhus Obstetrics and Gynecology,洗冤集錄,Instruction to Coroners,Records of Redressing Wronged Cases,外台祕要,Medical Secrets of an Official*,Secret Prescriptions Collected when Off-Duty*,Essential Secrets from Outside the Metropolis*,Essential Secrets from the Imperial Library,3 中医翻译实踐,3.1 借用西醫术语,动笔！,心悸,便秘,便溏,遺尿,黃疸,納呆,palpitation,constipation,loose/sloppy stool,enuresis/incontinence*,jaundice,anorexia*,poor appetite,/,torpid intake,3 中医翻译实踐,3.2 直译,动笔！,阳化气,阴中之阴,木生火,抑木扶土,补母瀉子*,心开窍於舌,脾主运化*,肺主气司呼吸,yang transforming into qi,yin within yin,wood generates/generating fire,inhibiting wood to strengthen earth,supplementing mother-organ and draining child organ,heart opens into the tongue,the spleen governs transportation/movement and transformation,the lung governs qi and manages respiration,3 中医翻译实踐,3.2 直译,动笔！,阴阳失調,脾失健运,肝不藏血,胃失和降,肾阳不足,yin-yang disharmony,/,imbalance between yin and yang,spleen failing to move and transform,/,dysfunction of spleen;failure of spleen in transportation,liver failing to store blood/,inability of the liver to store blood,impaired harmonious downbearing of the stomach,/,failure of gastric qi to descend,insufficiency of kidney yang,/,insufficiency of renal yang,3 中医翻译实踐,3.3 意译,天行赤眼,acute contagious conjunctivitis,vs.,heaven-current red eye,纏腰火丹,herpes zoster around the waist,vs.,girdling fire cinnabar,子盜母气,child-organ disorder involving its mother organ,v