分子生物学1+Introdu

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter 1 Introduction,1,About molecular biology,有关分子生物学,2,Molecular biology and related biological branches,分子生物学和,3 Major developments from molecular biology,分子生物学的重大发展,Life is easier to recognize than define,.,生命易于认识而难于定义,Living organism（生命系统）,Structure,Life,Complexity Function,（复杂性）Diversity（多样性）,Distinction,（区别）,between,living and nonliving thing,Difficulty（困难）,Confuse,混懵,Artificial life,人工生命,Basic characteristics（基本特征）,：,Metabolism（代谢）,Growth and development生长于发育,Inheritance and variance（遗传与突变）evolution（进化）,Structure and adaption结构与适应,Reproduction and death生殖与死亡,Substance in living organisms,（生命系统的物质）,70 chemicals 化学物质,Thousand of substance（成百上千的物质）Water and inorganic salts水和无机盐,Simple organic substance 简单的有机物,Bio-macromolecules生物大分子,Biology from macroscopic to microscopic research（从宏观到微观地观察生物）,Molecular Biology,1 About molecular biology,1.1 History,1938，Warren Weaver,suggested,1939,Astbury,applied in his paper,1953,Watson and Crick:DNA,double helix,1956,Medical Committee,in,Gambridge University:,Lab on Molecular biology,1959,Journal of Molecular Biology,1963,European Molecular Organization,Jacob Monod：,Molecular biology was based on the,idea that principal characters,（主要特征）,of life may be explained,（解释）,with their structures of macromolecules.,Milestones,里程碑,in Molecular biology:,Double helix Model of DNA,dna双螺旋结构,Artificial synthesis of crystal insulin,人工合成的水晶胰岛素,Synthesis of yeast tRNAmet,酵母tRNA的合成物,Replication of DNA,in vitro,体内DNA的复制,Recombinant DNA technology,DNA重组技术,Monoclone antibody单克隆抗体,Discovery of Ribozyme,Human genome project,人类基因组计划,Systems biology,系统生物学,1.2 What is molecular biology,Molecular biology is a scientific branch to study biology at molecular level,including the structure,（组织）,organization and function of bio-macromolecules and their relationship to metabolic process（代谢过程）.,Molecular biology seeks,寻求,to explain the relationships between the structure and function of biological molecules,to understand how these relationships,（对的贡献）,contribute to operation,操作,and control,控制,of biochemical process.Molecular biology is expected to be applied in new and safe products,medicines,diagnosis of genetic diseases and gene therapy.（,分子生物学预计将应用于新的安全产品、药品、诊断的遗传疾病和基因疗法。,）,Molecular biology is the basis of modern biology,（现代生物学）,.Now,molecular biology become the core and connection of all biological branches whose detailed and advanced research must be involved in molecular biology.,分子生物学的核心和连接成为所有的生物分支机构和先进的详细研究必须参与分子生物学。,2 Molecular biology and related other,biological branches,Bioscience Researches and development,Macroscopic progress,Individuals,Population,Colony,Ecosystem,Biosphere,Morphology,Cytology Biochemistry,Molecular,biology,Gene engineering,Protein engineering,Genomics,Proteomics,Microscopic progress,Transcriptomics,Systems Biology,Molecular biology is the core and useful,means of modern life sciences.,Molecular biology+Zoology Animal,molecular biology,Molecular biology+Botany Plant molecular,biology,Molecular biology+,Microbiology,microorganism,molecular biology,In fact,molecular biology focuses on structure and function of nucleic acids and proteins,and the relationship between structure and function,and between protein and nucleic acids(DNA,RNA).,Biological status and significance,In science,：,Focus in life sciences,Basic means for modern biology,Platform of modern science&technology,In economy,：,Basis of biotechnology,Bio-medicine and Bio-pharmacy,Bio-agriculture and bio-energy,Environment control and,ecological economy,In society,：,Bioethics,Ecological idea and,sustainable,development,Biodiversity and Harmony development,3,Major developments from molecular biology,3.1 Gene engineering,Gene libraries,:,DNA library,RNA library,Gene cloning and screening,Target DNA+Vector,Recombinant,Transformation,Screening,Clones,Molecular hybridization,Protein engineering,3.2 Genomics and other omics,Genomics,Transcriptomics Systems,Proteomics Bioinformation biology,Metabolomics,Biomathematics,+Calculating biology,(Model)(Data libraries),3.4 Systems biology,Complexity of life systems:Structure,Functions,Interactions,Structural nets and,interrelations,Research pathway：,Up to down：,Biomolecules Omics Net and,information,Mechanism,Down to up：Products Biomolecules Interaction nets,Mechanism,Concept and Vision,系统生物学是建立在实验生物学,(,细胞生物学、分子生物学等,),、生物大科学,(,基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学等,),和计算生物学,(,生物信息学、生物数学等,),等学科基础上的一门交叉科学。,系统生物的主要研究目标：了解一个生物复杂系统中所有组分的构成以及在特定条件下这些组分之间的相互关系，并分析该系统在一定时间内的动力学过程。其核心思路是整合：,系统构成要素的整合；,系统各层次的整合；,实验科学与理论科学的整合。,Atherosclerosis,(动脉粥样硬化)生物标记关系网络,大肠癌调控网络,前列腺肿瘤,水稻蜡质性状调控网络（SSR标记关系网络）,Amylose content is a key determinant of the cooking and processing quality of rice,Low amylose levels are usually associated with tender,cohesive,glossy cooked rice.,Apparent amylose level is also an important determinant of market class.,水稻基因组包括4000050000个基因，其中中有多,达20个与直链淀粉含量相关的数量基因,