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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,动词时态和语态,一、动词时态,（一）时态的种类,现以动词,do,为例：,一般现在时：,1.表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或现阶段的习惯。,常用时间状语,often,sometimes,usually,always,every day,等。,He is,always,ready to help others.,2.表示不受时间限制的事实或普遍真理。,A plane is faster than a car./China is in Asia.,3.,在时间和条件状语从句中，,主语用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时来表示将来动作。,I,will stay,at home if it,rains,tomorrow.,4.在宾语从句中，尽管主句用过去时，但如果,宾语从句,所述内容,是客观真理,，从句谓语动词,仍用一般现在时,。如：,The teacher told her pupils that the sun rises in the east.,5.表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态，一般用,be,come,go,arrive,leave,start,等动词,.,The meeting is at 2:00 p.m.,6.图片说明、电影说明、解说戏剧内容及场景等，动词常用一般现在时。如：,Scene I(Mary and Miss.Green are in the professors room a large,pleasant room with many books.There is a big desk near the window.),7.由,here,there,开头的句子，动词用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。如：,There goes the bell.,Here comes the teacher.,一般过去时：,1.在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，与表示过去的时间状语连用,a few minutes ago,yesterday,last Sunday,just now,He was here just now.,2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，可与时间状语,often,连用；,used to+v.,原,也表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。,When I was a boy,I often went to play in that park.,一般将来时：,1.表示将来发生的动作或将来存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语,tomorrow,next week,in a few days,next Sunday,等连用。,When will they leave for Shanghai?,He will be back in a few days.,Where shall we meet tomorrow?,注,：,shall,和,will,除了上述表示单纯的将来外，还有其他用法。在,第一人称后,，,will,常表示“决心”、“意愿”或“打算”，,在,否定句中用于所有人称，有“不愿”的意思,。,shall,用于第二人称时，可表示说明者的将来意愿或允诺。,I will study hard to keep up with my classmates.,He wont do it.,You shall have the book.,2.be going to+,动词原形：含有打算、计划、准备将做某事的意思，或表示很有可能要发生的事。,3.若表示已安排或计划好的将来动作或存在状态，可用一般现在时代替一般将来时，其谓语动词常为,be,come,go,arrive,leave,start,等,4.表示按计划即将发生的动作，可用现在进行时代替将来时。此用法多与表示位移的动词,come,go,arrive,leave,fly,start,等连用。如：,He is leaving for London.,5.be to+,动词原形和,be about to+,动词原形也表示将来。,前者指“安排好的事”，后者指“即将发生的事”。,The children are to learn English next week.,过去将来时：,表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句中。如：,Lily said there would be a concert that evening.,I was sure they wouldnt do that.,They wondered when we should/would finish our composition.,过去将来时也可以用,was/were going to+,动词原形、,was/were to+,动词原形、,was/were about to+,动词原形、,was/were+,动词的现在分词（多与表示位移的动词,come,go,leave,等连用）来表示。如：,No one knew when he was going to come.,He said that they were to leave at six.,I didnt know when they were leaving for Beijing.,现在进行时：,表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如：,The boys are reading magazines.,表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作,（尽管此时此刻该动作并不进行）,-,What is he doing this week?,-He is translating a novel.,注意：,现在进行时常与副词,always,constantly,连用，表示反复出现或习惯性动作，含有说话者的赞扬、不满、讨厌、遗憾等情绪。,The girl is always smiling happily.,Youre always making the same mistake.,Shes constantly changing her mind.,用进行时可以表示过程。,Its getting cold.,The leaves on the trees are turning brown.,有些动词一般不用于现在进行时：,A.,感官动词：,see,hear,smell,taste,notice,feel,等,B.,表示态度和感情的动词：,believe,agree,like,hate,want,think,等,C.,一些不表示具体动作而表示某中抽象的关系或概念的动词：,have,depend,seem,belong,consist,possess,等,但当这些动词的词义改变时便可用于现在进行时。试比较：,I fell sick.,我感觉不舒服。（,feel:,感到，感觉）,The doctor is feeling my pulse.,医生在给我把脉。（,feel:,摸）,I cant see anything in the bowl.,我看不见碗里有什么。（,see:,看见）,Tom is seeing his friend off at the airport.,汤姆到飞机场送朋友。（,seeoff:,送行,）,过去进行时,表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过时间可用时间状语表示,He was watching TV when I came in.,-What were you doing this time yesterday?,-I was writing a letter.,将来进行时,表示在将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。如：,When you get to the station at nine tomorrow,our uncle will be waiting for you there.,I will be busy this evening.I will be writing an article.,表示按计划将要发生的动作。如：,I hope you will be coming on time.,They will be having their holiday in June.,现在完成时：,表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作和状态,通常用可延续性动词,be,work,study,live,等,通常与表示时间长度的状语连用，如,for ten minutes,since 1999,等，,也可带有表示到目前为止的时间状语，如,so far,up to now,until now,等。,I have sat for hours in the classroom,reading a novel.,The weather has been cold so far this winter.,-How long have you been here?,-Ive been here for an hour.,表,示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与非延续性动词连用，并常带不确定的时间状语，,already,yet,once,twice,just,ever,never,等。,I havent finished my homework yet.,注：,非延续性动词不能表示“动作延续至今”，因此不能与,for,since,等延续性的时间状语连用。如：“他已经到达两小时了”,不能说：,He has arrived here for two hours.,而是：,He has been here for two hours.,但用于否定式时，此类动词却部首这一限制，可以与,for,since,等延续性时间状语连用，因为动作在一段时间内不发生是可能的。如：,Havent seen you for a long time.,We havent heard from her since last week.,考点：,have/has been to,和,have/has gone to,的区别：,have/has been,用来表示以往的经历，译为“来（到）过”，常与频度状语,once,ever,等连用。,Have you ever been there?,你曾去过那里吗？（不能用,has come）,They have been to Beijing twice.,他们去过北京两次。（不能用,have gone）,have/has gone,表示“走了”、“到去了,He has gone to Shanghai.,他到上海去了。（他可能在途中，也可能已到上海，但不在这里。）,过去完成时：,表示动作或状态从过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到过去某一时间，常与延续性动词连用，并常带有,for,since,by,when,until,等时间状语。如：,I had stayed in Beijing for three years by then.,Until then he had known nothing about it.,The boy told his mother that he had been ill since he came back from the school.,She had only been here for ten minutes when Jim came in.,表示动作在过去某一时间前结束，通常与非延续性动词连用。如：,When they got to the field,the football match had already started.,He had learned two hundred English words by the end of last term,.,表,示在过去某时间以前反复发生的动作或出现的状态，常与频度状语连用。如：,H
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