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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语法复习-,句子成分,语法复习-,一、句子成分,（一）句子成分的定义：,构成句子的各个部分叫做,句子成分,。,句子成分有,主要成分,和,次要成分,；,主要成分有,主语和谓语,；,次要成分有,表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。,一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：,二）主语：,主语(Subject),是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首,。（但在,there be,结构、,疑问句,（当主语不疑问词时）和,倒装句,中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。）,主语可由,名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、和,主语从句,等表示。例如：,二）主语：主语(Subject),Three plus two is five.,It is a great pleasure to swim in the river,Smoking does harm to the health.,There are many students in my class.,Are you a student?,Here comes the bus.,He can do it and,so can I,.,Who will attend the meeting has not been,decided.,（主语从句）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（数词）（不定式）（动名词）,（三）谓语,谓语(Predicate)说明,主语,所做的,动作,或具有的,特征和状态,。,动词,在句中作,谓语,，一般,放在主语之后,。谓语的构成如下：,1、,简单谓语,：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：,He,practices,running every morning.,The plane,took off,at ten oclock.,2、,复合谓语,：,（1）,由,情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形,构成。如：,You,may keep,the book for two weeks.,He,has caught,a bad cold.,（2）由,系动词加表语,构成。如：,We,are students,.,（三）谓语 谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作,谓语 体现,时态,和,语态,。,时态,现在时,：,一般现在时:,现在进行时:,现在完成时:,现在完成进行时:,过去时:,一般过去时:,过去进行时:,过去完成时：,过去将来时：,将来时:,一般将来时:,将来进行时:,将来完成时,:,语态,Is/am/are+-或does/do,Is/am/are+doing,Has/have+done,Has/have+been+doing,Was/were+-或did,Was/were+doing,Had+done,Would/should+do,Shall/will+do,Shall/will+be+doing,Shall/will+have+done,Is/am/are+,Is/am/are+being+,Has/have+been+,-,Was/were+,Was/were+being+,Had+been+,Would/should+be+,Shall/will+be+,-,Shall/will+have+been+,done,（与非谓语比较）,谓语 体现时态和语态。过去时:将来时:,He,practices,running every morning.,The plane,took off,at ten oclock.,You,may keep,the book for two weeks.,He,has caught,a bad cold.,We,are students,.,He practices running,非谓语动词,to do,to have done,to be doing,to be done,to have been done,doing,having done,done,being done,having been done,主语,宾语,宾补,表语,定语,状语,不定式,动名词,分词,非谓语动词to dodoing主语宾语宾补表语定语状语不定式,She found the door closed.,2.Having been told many times,he made the,same mistake.,3.Given more time,we could do it much better.,4.Walking on the street,he came across his,former teacher.,5.The meeting being held is very important.,6.A big fire broke out in a shop,causing 100,deaths.,She found the door closed.,（四）表语,表语(Predicative)用以说明,主语,的,性质、特征,、,状态与身份,，它一般位于,系动词,（如,be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem,等）之后。,表语一般由,名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动词ing、介词短语及表语从句,表示。例如：,（四）表语 表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质,1.The weather has,turned,cold,.,2.The speech is,exciting.,3.His job is,to teach English,.,4.The meeting is,of great importance,.,5.Time is,up,.The class is,over,.,6.The truth is,that he has never been abroad,.,1.The weather has turned cold.,（五）宾语,宾语（Object）表示,动作的对象或承受者,，一般位于,及物动词和介词,后面。例如：,1.They went to,see,an exhibition yesterday.,2.The heavy rain,prevented,me,from,coming to school on time.,3.How many dictionaries do you,have,?I,have,five.,（名词）,（代词、动名词）,（名词、数词）,（五）宾语 宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般,5.He,pretended,not to see me.,6.I,enjoy,listening to popular music.,7.I,think,（that）he is fit for his office.,（不定式短语,）,（动词ing短语）,（宾语从句）,5.He pretended not to see me.（,（六）宾语补足语,英语中,有些,及物动词,，除有一个,直接宾语,以外，还要有一个,宾语补足语,（Object Complement），才能使句子的意义完整。,带有宾语补足语的,一般句型,为：,某些及物动词（如make等)+宾语+宾补）,。,宾补可由,名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句,充当。例如：,（六）宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，,1.His father,named,him,Dongming,.,2,.They,painted,their boat,white,.,3.,Let,the fresh air,in,.,4,.You mustnt,force,him,to lend his money,to you.,5,.We,saw,her,entering,the room,.,6.,We often,hear,the song,sung,by him.,7.We,found,everything,in the lab in good order.,8.,We will soon,make,our city what your city is,now.,（名词）,（形容词）,（副词）,（不定式短语）,（现在分词）,（介词短语）,（从句）,1.His father named him Dongmin,（七）定语,修饰,名词或代词,的,词、短语或从句,称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示：,1.Guilin is a,beautiful,city.,2.China is a,developing,country;America is a,developed,country.,3.There are thirty,women,teachers in our school.,4.His,rapid progress in English made us surprised.,（七）定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attr,5.Our monitor is always the first,to enter the classroom,.,6.He is reading an article,about how to learn English,.,7.Farmers,who saw us,stared at us as if we are walking skeletons.,5.Our monitor is always the fi,（八）状语,修饰,动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,，说明,动作或状态,特征,的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示：,1.Light,travels,most quickly.,2.He has,lived,in the city for ten years.,3.He is,proud,to have passed the national college entrance examination.,（副词及副词性词组）,（介词短语）,（不定式短语）,（八）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态,4.He is in the room making a model plane.,5.Once you begin,you must continue,.,（分词短语）,（状语从句）,4.He is in the room making a m,9种状语种类如下：,1.How about meeting again,at six,?,when I come back.,2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party,because of the rain,.,because it rained.,3.I shall go there,if it doesnt rain,.,4.Mr Smith lives,on the third floor,.,where we once lived,.,5.She put the eggs into the basket,with great care,.,As I do.,（时间状语）,（原因状语）,（条件状语）,（地点状语）,（方式状语）,9种状语种类如下：1.How about meeting,She came in,with a dictionary in her hand,.,6.In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.,In order that he can catch with the others,7.He was so tired,that he fell asleep immediately,.,8.She works very hard,thou
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