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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar Revision,名,词,(Nouns),2015,年中考英语专项复习,学习目标,1,、知道名词的分类,2,、掌握可数名词的复数（规则变化和不规则变化）,3,、掌握不可数名词数量的表达法,4,、了解名词所有格的用法（双重所有格和名词复数所有格）,5,、注意名词作定语的用法,专有名词：,表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词。第一个字母一般要大写。如,Lucy,、,Beijing,、,China,、,the Great Wall,、等。,普通名词：,表示一类人或事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如：,book,、,tree,等,。,一、名词的分类,普通名词,Countable nouns,(,可数名词,),Uncountable nouns,(,不可数名词,),Individual Nouns,（个体名词）,Collective Nouns,（集体名词）,Abstract Nouns,（抽象名词）,Material Nouns,（物质名词）,二、可数名词的复数形式,可数名词,有,单数、复数,两种形式。名词复数构成形式分规则变化和不规则变化。,名词复数的规则变化,:,记忆口诀：,1.“,黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿”。,Negro,、,hero,、,tomato,、,potato,2.,一个“贼”的“妻子”拿了一把“刀”和一片“树叶”结束了一个“狼”的“生命”。,thief.wife.knife.leaf.wolf.life,foot-,feet,child-,children,tooth-,teeth,mouse-,mice,名词复数的不规则变化,(1),man-m,e,n,woman-wom,e,n,m,e,n doctor,s,wom,e,n teacher,s,one sheep,two,sheep,a Chinese,two,Chinese,a Japanese,several,Japanese,名词复数的不规则变化,(2):,单复数形式相同,some,deer,one fish,一条鱼,fish,es,不同种类的鱼各种各样的鱼,three,fish,三条鱼,some fish,一些鱼肉,可数名词,不可数名词,三、,不可数名词,不可数名词一般不能用数来计算，没有复数形式。,不可数名词一般包括物质或抽象概念的名词，可归纳如下：,1.,表材料：,wood,meat,paper,gold,2.,表抽象,:,information,knowledge,news,advice,.,3.,表食物：,food,fruit,water,coffee,milk,4.,表总称：,furniture,clothing,5.,表自然：,air,wind,rain,snow,6.,表学科,:,Chinese,Japese,English,math,Physics,不可数名词的量的表示法有两种：,1.,用,much,a,little,little,a,lot,of,some,any,等表示多少。如,:,some milk,、,a lot of money,2.,用”数词,+,量词,+of+,不可数名词”来表示多少。如,:,a piece of,news,six,bags of rice,two cups of tea,四、名词所,有,格,名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种形式：,一种是,S,所有格；另一种是,of,所有格,。,1.,s,所有格：,原则上只用于表示有生命的人或物的名词。如,：,the teachers book;the horses tail,但是，,时间、距离、太阳、地球、月亮、江河、海洋、船只、国家、城市、团体机构等名词也,可以用,s,属格。,如：,todays newspaper;,the citys transportation,1).,一般的名词，包括不以,s,结尾的复数名词，,在词后加,s,。如：,the childrens book,2).,以,s,结尾的复数名词的所有格形式只在词后加。,如：,the teachers office,3).,两者或两者以上共有的所有格形式只在后者用,所有格形式，如,:,Tom and Mikes room,若表示分别拥有时，则要在每个名词后用,所有格形式，如,:,Toms and Mikes rooms,名词后加,“,s”,不一定都是所有格，要特别注意理解和判断！如：,Kates a good girl,Lets go!,Kates been to Europe,2.of,所有格一般用于无生命的东西。如：,the cover of the book,the door of the room,3.,双重所有格有两种形式：,of+,名词所有格,.,如：,a sweater of Toms,of+,名词性物主代词,.,如：,a friend of mine,五、名词作定语,1.,一般情况下，名词作定语修饰主体名词时，常用单数形式。如：,an,apple,tree,country,music,2.,某些名词修饰主体名词时用复数。如：,sports,meeting,，,parents,meeting,3.“,数词,+,名词或数词,+,名词,+,形容词”，也称复合形容词，名词用单数形式。如：,a ten-,mile,walk;a five-,year,-old boy,直击中考：看看这节课的内容你掌握的怎样。,1.,（,2009,河南）,I like_ a lot,and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.,A.fish B.butter C.potatoes,D.noodles,2.(2009,重庆）,How far is your cousins home from here?,-Its about two _drive.,A.hours B.hours C.hours D.hour,3.(2009,广州）,The letter from my uncle was short.There wasnt_ news.,A.many B.a few,C.much D.few,4.(2009,湖北孝感）,All the _teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th,because it was their own holiday.,A.man B.men,C.woman D.women,5.(2009,广东）,Could you,take_for,these_?,They are very beautiful.,A.any photos;,tomatoes,B.some photos;tomatoes,C.some photos;,tomatos,D.any photos;,tomatos,Exercises,：,1.We now dont write letters on _.We send e-mails.,A.papersB.computerC.paperD.the computer,2.,What _ news it is!,A.a good B.good C.a few good D.many good,3.,The _ are searching for a murderer in the city.,A.polices B.,policemans,C.,policewomans,D.police,4.Tom works hard and spends _in the library.,A.much time B.many time C.many times,D.a lot of times,5.He decided to travel round the earth and return in _.,A.two year time B.two years long,C.two years time D.two years time,7.I dont know that man,but I think he is _ father.,A.Lucy and Lilys B.Lucys and Lily,C.Lucys and Lilys D.Lucy and Lily,8.Im hungry.Please give me _,please.,A.a bread B.some breads,C.a piece of bread D.two piece of breads,9.The hospital is a little far from here.Its about _.,A.40,minutess,walk B.40 minutes walk,C.40 minute walk D.40 minutes walk,10.Julie went to the _to buy a pair of shoes.,A.shoes store B.shoe store,C.shoes stores D.shoe stores,Sum up:,1.,名词复数的规则变化,(5,种）,2.,不可数名词的量的表示法,(2,种）,3.,名词所有格,(3,种,),4.,名词作定语,Thank you for your,listening!Bye,-bye!,一般情况,加,-s,1.,清辅音后读,/s/,map-map,s,book-book,s,2.,浊辅音和元音后读,/z/,bag-bag,s,car-car,s,名词复数的,规则变化,(1),以,s,x,sh,ch,等结尾的词,加,-,es,读,/,iz,/,bus-bus,es,watch-watch,es,但如果以,ch,结尾的名词发音为,k,时，只加,s,。,stomach stomach,s,读,/s/,名词复数的,规则变化,(2),以元音字母,+y,结尾的名词变复数时，直接加,-s,变复数：,读,/z/,monkey-monkey,s,holiday-holiday,s,以,辅音字母,+y,结尾的词,变,y,为,i,再加,es,ies,读,/,iz,/,party-part,ies,baby-bab,ies,名词复数的,规则变化,(3),以,f,或,fe,结尾的名词变复数时,去,f,、,fe,加,-,ves,读,/,vz,/,如：,half-hal,ves,knife-kni,ves,leaf-lea,ves,wolf-wol,ves,life-li,ves,thief-thie,ves,但也有例外，如,roof-roof,s,chief-chief,s,名词复数的,规则变化,(4),a tomato,some tomato,es,some potato,es,some hero,es,名词复数的,规则变化,(5),以,o,结尾的名词，多数加,s,读,/z/,。如,radio-radio,s,zoo-zoo,s,photo-photo,s,有些在词尾加,es,.,它们是“黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿”,Negro(,黑人）,-Negro,es,a hero,
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