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,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,L/O/G/O,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,#,第一单元 糖化工段,第一部分 啤酒酿造原辅料,第三节 酿造用水质量指标要求,江南大学生物工程学院 孙军勇,TEL,：,13912358315,EMAIL,：,青岛啤酒股份有限公司技能培训,啤酒酿,造,造用水,的,的原则,离子对,啤,啤酒酿,造,造过程,和,和啤酒,产,产品质,量,量的影,响,响,生物酸,化,化技术,1,2,3,本节的,主,主要内,容,容,啤酒酿,造,造用水,原,原则,酿造用,水,水在啤,酒,酒产品,中,中所占,的,的比例,按,按质量,分,分数计,算,算可以,达,达到90%左右或,以,以上，,改,改变水,的,的组成,就,就有可,能,能引起,啤,啤酒口,味,味的变,化,化；所,以,以，控,制,制均匀,的,的水质,对,对产品,质,质量的,均,均一程,度,度具有,重,重要的,意,意义，,对,对不符,合,合酿造,用,用水要,求,求的水,一,一定要,进,进行适,当,当的处,理,理，合,理,理的水,处,处理应,该,该是按,啤,啤酒工,业,业生产,的,的实际,需,需要逆,行,行“调,制,制水质,”,”和“,均,均衡水,质,质”的,过,过程，,也,也包括,为,为不同,品,品种需,要,要进行,的,的试验,水,水质的,改,改良过,程,程。因,此,此，要,进,进行水,处,处理控,制,制水质,时,时，应,注,注意以,下,下三个,重,重要的,原,原则：,(1)必须按,照,照不同,工,工艺生,产,产过程,对,对离子,的,的需要,程,程度，,提,提供合,适,适的总,离,离子数,量,量和控,制,制离子,比,比例的,平,平衡；,(2)必须按,照,照生产,不,不同啤,酒,酒类型,的,的需要,，,，提供,相,相应的,满,满足风,味,味需要,的,的水质,类,类型。,(3)必须始,终,终按照,各,各种需,要,要保持,这,这种水,质,质的相,对,对稳定,，,，也就,是,是保持,水,水质的,均,均一程,度,度。,钙离子,（,（Ca2,+,+）,是酿造,用,用水最,基,基本、,最,最重要,的,的离子,。,。,具有保,护,护酶、,调,调节PH、促进,蛋,蛋白凝,聚,聚和酵,母,母的沉,降,降，在,发,发酵过,程,程形成,草,草酸钙,结,结晶去,除,除草酸,和,和获得,较,较厚实,的,的啤酒,口,口味等,许,许多方,面,面对酿,造,造有利,的,的作用,。,。,大约有,超,超过1/2以上的,钙,钙离子(原料带,人,人的和,在,在糖化,过,过程添,加,加的部,分,分)会在糖,化,化、糊,化,化过程,和,和煮沸,过,过程中,损,损失掉;由于这,个,个损失,，,，有可,能,能造成,酿,酿造过,程,程后期,的,的钙离,子,子不足,而,而导致,一,一系列,影,影响。,所,所以，,应,应该在,麦,麦汁煮,沸,沸过程,中,中考虑,合,合理的,补,补充，,可,可以按,照,照离子,平,平衡要,求,求使用,硫,硫酸钙,或,或者氯,化,化钙。,钙离子,在,在酿造,过,过程中,需,需求的,参,参考标,准,准是：,糖化与,糊,糊化过,程,程应达,到,到6080mg/L，有利,于,于保护,酶,酶和提,高,高浸出,率,率，适,量,量凝固,蛋,蛋白质,；,；,麦汁煮,沸,沸过程,达,达到80100mg/L，可以,帮,帮助控,制,制麦汁,的,的pH，有利,于,于蛋白,质,质的凝,聚,聚，可,以,以促进,酵,酵母的,凝,凝聚沉,降,降，可,以,以结合,去,去除发,酵,酵过程,中,中的草,酸,酸，在,啤,啤酒中,应,应保持,在,在3060mg/L。有利,于,于啤酒,口,口味的,醇,醇厚。,2）镁离,子,子（Mg2,+,+）,酿造过,程,程对镁,离,离子的,需,需求量,只,只有钙,离,离子的1/2左右，,镁,镁离子,大,大部分,来,来自于,原,原料。,麦芽含,有,有足够,数,数量的,镁,镁离子,，,，除非,使,使用高,辅,辅料比,例,例生产,麦,麦汁或,存,存在镁,离,离子数,量,量不足,的,的情况,才,才考虑,适,适当补,充,充镁离,子,子。,镁离子,调,调节麦,汁,汁pH的作用,不,不如钙,离,离子，,但,但镁离,子,子对酵,母,母承受,外,外界压,力,力的影,响,响和对,酵,酵母的,辅,辅酶具,有,有重要,的,的作用,。,。因此,，,，对酵,母,母来说,，,，镁比,钙,钙更重,要,要一些,。,。,但过多,的,的镁离,子,子形成,的,的硫酸,盐,盐、盐,酸,酸盐具,有,有不良,的,的苦涩,味,味，氧,化,化镁会,使,使酒花,形,形成的,异,异构化,产,产物苦,味,味度提,高,高；,所以，,镁,镁离子,的,的数量,需,需要控,制,制，通,常,常要求,镁,镁离子,含,含量不,超,超过30mg/L。,（6）锌离,子,子（Zn2,+,+）,对酵母,的,的活性,和,和胞内,酶,酶体系,的,的激活,很,很重要,，,，特别,是,是对将,丙,丙酮酸,转,转化为,乙,乙醛继,而,而生成,乙,乙醇的,辅,辅酶的,影,影响。,添加量,控,控制在0.2,0.4mg,/,/L。,国内啤,酒,酒离子,分,分析结,果,果（mg/L）,编号,Ca,Na,Mg,K,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cl,PO,4,3-,SO,4,2-,1,38,41,78,339,0.04,0.1,0,92,340,234,2,36,32,72,325,0.04,0.09,0,115,400,170,3,35,27,70,320,0.03,0.06,0,94,318,179,4,40,28,66,331,0.02,0.09,0,98,378,185,5,36,25,77,334,0.03,0.08,0.04,108,417,188,6,26,12,65,320,0.04,0.07,0.03,104,397,83,7,43,30,72,325,0.03,0.13,0,126,430,162,8,42,24,74,335,0.03,0.09,0,95,412,166,9,39,27,87,299,0.02,0.1,0,82,401,251,10,54,33,83,322,0.04,0.12,0,96,392,271,11,36,12,62,298,0.03,0.07,0,77,376,158,12,33,11,67,297,0.01,0.09,0,70,392,160,13,36,8,63,313,0,0.07,0,80,380,141,14,37,20,62,294,0,0.04,0,86,389,145,15,36,29,70,308,0,0.06,0,90,377,195,国内啤,酒,酒离子,的,的数理,统,统计结,果,果,Ca,Na,Mg,K,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cl,PO,4,3-,SO,4,2-,平均值,37.8,23.9,71.2,317.3,0.024,0.084,0.0047,94.2,386.6,179.2,最小值,26,8,62.00,294,0,0.04,0,70,318,83,最大值,54,41,87.00,339,0.04,0.13,0.04,126,430,271,国外啤,酒,酒离子,分,分析结,果,果（mg/L）,国外啤,酒,酒离子,分,分析结,果,果（mg/L）,Zn,P,Mn,Fe,Mg,Ca,Na,K,1,0.013,213.50,0.058,0.079,66.81,86.71,31.68,555.1,2,0.117,117.64,0.117,0.156,62.66,42.29,20.97,283.7,3,0.166,224.64,0.113,0.240,96.67,45.86,82.06,476.4,4,0.133,108.94,0.037,0.299,48.07,71.45,13.18,365.1,5,0.040,171.67,0.064,0.116,55.46,42.23,10.43,277.4,6,0.049,123.99,0.033,0.165,44.89,47.73,38.25,425.3,7,0.081,126.42,0.073,0.081,60.18,35.86,19.45,315.7,8,0.102,176.63,0.047,0.121,70.04,93.30,27.42,367.1,9,0.120,183.33,0.039,0.114,54.10,38.91,26.36,251.0,10,0.975,239.52,0.117,0.245,63.11,49.34,31.93,340.8,11,0.234,114.05,0.056,0.177,44.11,42.23,36.68,275.7,12,0.062,108.61,0.031,0.157,43.10,71.70,8.36,336.3,13,0.021,201.56,0.095,0.204,90.11,40.53,70.29,360.8,14,0.055,297.27,0.128,0.378,71.13,54.97,66.41,333.1,15,0.012,116.86,0.077,0.110,49.98,29.07,22.53,200.2,16,0.022,222.90,0.063,0.129,58.27,30.51,46.28,255.2,17,0.018,167.05,0.105,0.083,77.77,42.59,24.14,357.2,18,0.023,199.74,0.060,0.060,83.29,107.89,22.85,389.2,19,0.008,228.45,0.163,0.200,83.41,29.03,103.03,457.6,20,0.041,379.36,0.248,0.202,94.38,60.03,97.72,475.3,21,0.020,210.81,0.114,0.086,94.02,75.76,15.39,491.4,22,0.001,251.43,0.136,0.057,93.22,95.70,22.05,495.7,23,0.063,263.97,0.105,1.065,86.73,33.56,49.83,432.9,24,0.030,242.43,0.152,0.213,89.19,37.93,48.19,304.9,25,0.061,276.66,0.198,0.097,90.35,76.76,88.36,355.4,26,0.009,282.62,0.174,0.162,109.73,90.38,12.41,494.3,27,0.064,279.29,0.159,0.258,109.67,52.62,32.68,445.2,28,0.006,232.68,0.199,0.916,105.81,74.
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