4 语法,复习知识点

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit4,Revision,英语中的语气分为三类：,1.,陈述语气（用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句）,2.,祈使语气（用于祈使句）,3.,虚拟语气（用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等）,二、虚拟语气如果所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想，就用虚拟语气。,三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法,1,、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句,e.g.,如果他不快点，他就错过汽车了。,If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus.(,真实条件状语,),2.,如果我是你，我就立即走。,3.,如果没有空气， 人们将会死。,If I were you, I would go at once.,（非真实条件状语从句）,If there was no air, people would die.,（非真实条件状语,从句）,2,、,虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式,表示与现在事实相反的情况（条件）,从句谓语动词过去式形式,（,be,用,were,）,主句谓语动词形式,should/would/could/might+,动词原形,eg,：,If I,were,you,Id take,an umbrella.,如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）,If,his I,telephone,knew,number, I,tell would,you.,如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）,1.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.,2.If,were,no,there air,water or,there,be,no,would,living,on,things the,earth.,如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。,(,事实：地球上既有空气也有水,),2.If,there,were no air or water, there,would be,no living things on the earth.,3.,If,had,I,money,any with,me, I,could,you,lend,some.,如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）,3. If I,had,any money with me, I,could lend,you some.,表示与过去事实相反的情况从句谓语动词形式,Had+,过去分词主句谓语动词形式,Should/would/could/,might+have,+,过去分词,e.g. If I,had got,there earlier, I,should/could have met,her.,如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）,If he,had taken,my advice, he,would not have made,such a mistake.,如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）,表示对将来情况的主观推测,从句,If+,主语,were,did,were to do,主句,should/would /could +,动词原形。,If it,rained,tomorrow,，,our picnic,would be,put off.,万一那天下雨，我们的郊游就推迟。,e.g.: If he,would come,here tomorrow, I,should/would talk,to him.,如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）,If there,were,a heavy snow next Sunday, we,would not go skating,.,如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了，（事实：不知能否下雪）,四,、虚拟语气的其他用法,1,、虚拟语气用在,wish,后的宾语从句,a,、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式,eg,: I,wish I had,your brains.,我希望我有你那样的头脑。,(,事实：我根本比不上你,),b,、表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：,had+v-ed,eg,: I wish I,had known,the truth of the matter.,我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道）,c,、,表示将来难以实现的愿望谓语动词：,should/would +,动词原形,eg,:,I wish I,should have,a chance again.,很难再有这样的机会了。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）,虚拟语气用在,suggest(,建议,),、,insist(,坚持,),、,demand(,要求,),、,order(,命令,),等动词后的宾语从句中。在这种用法中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：,“,should +,动词原形”或只,用“动词原形”。如,He suggested,He insisted He demand that we (should) take the teachers advice He ordered,1,、,give,sb,sth,=give,sth,to,sb,类似的词还有,:pass,、,lend,、,show,、,write,、,send,等,buy,sb,sth,=buy,sth,for,sb,类似的词还有,:make,、,draw,、,cook,等,知识点,2,、,hundred,、,thousand,、,mi11ion,与数字连用不能用复数。,hundreds of,、,thousands of,、,mi11ions of,中必须用复数。,3,、,look for,寻找,find,找到、发现,find out,指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。,discover,指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。,4,、,bring,带来,take,带走,fetch,去并拿来,5,、,talk to/with,sb,同,说话。,tell,告诉,分辨，辨别。,speak to,sb,同,说话，做及物动词，后跟语言。,say,后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语，着重强调说话内容。,6,、,What if ,如果,将会怎么样？（引导条件状语从句、疑问句）,e.g. if come she What doesnt?,她要是不来怎么办？,What your if dont agree parent?,如果你的父母不同意怎么办？,What sick if should you fall?,如果你生病了怎么办？,What if she doesnt come?,What if your parent dont agree?,What if you should fall sick?,7,、,before,引导一个句子，为连词。后跟短语或名词等，则为介词。,8,、,food,表示食品种类，一种食物时，为可数名词,eg,fried foods,油炸食品,break foods,早餐食品,frozen foods,冷冻食品,9,、复数名词可表示一类食品（如,dogs,）,a/an+,单数可数名词可表示一类（如,a dog,）,10,、,confident(adj,.),confidence(n,.),11,、,What does/do look like?,问相貌。,Whats like?,问“品质性格”。,12,、,give a speech,做演讲,have,a speech,听演讲,give a report,做报告,have a report,听报告,13,、,permission (n.),允许，许可,permit (v.),允许,14,、,plenty of,充足的，相当多的。修饰可数或不可数名词，只能用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中用,enough.,15,、,notin the slightest=notat all,根本不,16,、,company ,公司 一群人，一伙人 陪伴,17,、,get along (with)=get on (with) ,进行，进展,e.g. The business is getting along very well.,生意进展的很顺利。,How are you getting along with your English study?,你的英语学习进展的怎么样了？,相处,e.g.1) Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along?,你跟老板合得来吗？,2)Im getting along very well with my classmates.,我和同学们相处得很好。,18,、,would rather than ,（,= would rather than,）宁愿，而不愿。前后连接两个动词原形，否定形式为：,would rather not do,sth,would rather than = prefer to ,但,prefer to ,若连接两个动词，动词应为,v-ing,形式。,eg,He,would rather,jog,than,play football.=He,prefers,jogging,to,playing,football.,would rather,常单独使用，表示“宁愿做,”,eg,He,would rather,watch TV at,home.,rather than = instead of,而不是连接两个并列成分，前后对称。,eg,1)Id,prefer to,go to in summer,rather than,in winter. 2) I decided to write,rather than,telephone.,3)I like going out with you,rather than,with him. 4)She enjoys listening,rather than,speaking.,19,、,today,、,here,、,there,、,downstairs,、,upstairs,、,above,、,below,做宾语修饰名词，放在名词之后,e.g. the weather,today,今天的天气,people,here,这里的人们,the man,downstairs,楼下的那个男的,the passage,below,下面的这段话,20,、,a little = a bit,修饰形容词、副词,a little = a bit of,修饰不可数名词,21,、,There is an English speech contest next month,用一般现在时表示将来，表示计划或安排好的动作，或者日历、时刻表的规定内容。,22,、,the rest,其余的，可指代可数或不可数名词。,The,other(s,),只能指代可数名词,23,、,come up with,提出或提出（答案、方法）等。类似于,think of.e.g. 1)How would you,come up with,this idea?,你怎样想出这个注意的？,2)My brother is a person who,often,comes up with,good idea.,我弟弟是个常常能想出好点子的人,24,、,offer,提供,offer,sb,sth,给, offer to,sb,sth,主动提出干,二、,短语,1,、,give it to charity,把它捐给慈善机构,2,、,medical research,医学研究,3,、,What if ,如果,怎么样？,4,、,get nervous,紧张,5,、,take a big exam,参加大考,6,、,help with,有助于,7,、,in public,在公共场合,8,、,hardly ever,几乎不,9,、,the whole school,全校,10,、,without permission,为经许可,11,、,be (make) friends with,与,交朋友,12,、,ask ones permission,请求,的允许,13,、,introduceto,把,介绍给, 14,、,inviteto do,邀请,干,15,、,social situations,社会环境,16,、,not in the slightest,根本不，一点也不,17,、,right away,立刻，马上,18,、,all day,全天,19,、,be friendly to,对,友好,20,、,at lunch time,在午饭时间,21,、,a bit shy,有点害羞,22,、,English speech contest,英语演讲比赛,23,、,represent the class,代表班级,24,、,come top,名列第一（前茅）,25,、,let down,使,失望,26,、,come up with,提出、想出,27,、,be sure of +,n./pron,. be sure to do,相信, be sure +that,从句,28,、,the rest of the students,其余的学生,29,、,have a lot of experience (in) doing,sth,在做某事方面有经验,30,、,deal with,对付，处理,31,、,come out,出版,32,、,give advice on,在,方面提出意见、建议,33,、,by accident,偶然地，无意之中,34,、,hurry to do,sth,匆匆忙忙干, 35,、,an internet friend,网友,三、句子,1,、,know,He,if doesnt,he should bring,present a.,他不知道是否该带礼物。,2,、,You,worry,about,shouldnt other what,say people.,你不应该考虑别人说什么。,1,、,He doesnt know if he should bring a present.,2,、,You shouldnt worry about what other people say.,3,、,What dollars,if would you,do,a you,had,million?,如果你有一百万美元，你会干什么？,4,、,I were you, I d take,small a,If present.,如果我是你，我会带一个小礼物。,3,、,What,would,you do if you,had,a million dollars?,4.If I,were,you, I,d take,a small present,5,、,Im,tired,too to well,do.,我太累了，没考好。,6,、,Dogs,trouble can,a,lot,of.,狗会带来很多麻烦。,5.Im too tired to do well,.,Dogs can be a lot of trouble.,7,、,What,youare,like?,你是什么样的人？,8,、,Id invite,to have him/her,dinner,at my,house.,我会邀请他（她）到我家吃饭。,What are you like?,8.Id invite him/her to have dinner at my house.,9,、,You enjoy the company of other people.,你喜欢别人的陪伴。,10,、,I,feel,nervous,talking,in front of many people.,我在众人面前讲话时感到紧张。,11,、,She always,comes top,in the school exams.,她在学校的考试中总是名列前茅。,12,、,She doesnt want to,let,her friends,down,.,她不愿让朋友失望。,