医学词汇构词法i11V课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,*,医学词汇构词法i11V,*,By Wang Lanying,Foreign Language Department,The Formation of Medial Vocabulary,医学词汇构词法i11V,1,By Wang LanyingThe F,A Course of Learning English for Medical Purposes,I. Target,1.Mastering medical language: vocabulary and discourse level learning,2. Practical application of medical communication: speaking and writing with ML,医学词汇构词法i11V,2,A Course of Learning English,I. Target,3. Nurture the sense of stylistic research,II. Methodology,1. Acquire the knowledge of word formation,2.Understand the medical language traits through reading,3. Observe and summarize the stylistic features,4. Active and energetic learning under the teachers guide,医学词汇构词法i11V,3,I. Target3. Nurture the sense,III. Course Arrangement,1.72 Teaching periods,4/week,2.Eight Units this term,3.Required course and exam,4.Term achievements: based on assignments, quiz, class response, and final exam dynamically,医学词汇构词法i11V,4,III. Course Arrangement1.72 T,Davi-Ellen Chamber says: Studying medical words is very similar to learning a new language. The words at first sound strange and complicated although they may stand for commonly known English terms. The words,gastralgia, meaning “stomach ache”, and ophthalmologist, meaning eye doctor,are examples.,The medical language is fascinatingly logical in that each term, complex or simple, can be broken down into its basic component parts and then understood.,What is medical language?,医学词汇构词法i11V,5,Davi-Ellen Chamber says:,Basic elements of medical words,Most medical words are made from a combination of the following elements: the part of the word that we shall call the,base (root /stem),because it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word, prefixes and suffixes, and vowels (o/a) that join all these parts.,Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45letters),医学词汇构词法i11V,6,Basic elements of medical word,Pn,eu,mono-ultra-microsc,o,pic-s,i,lico-volc,a,no-coni,o,sis,粉尘病,火山,硅/矽,超显微的,肺的,It develops only after years of exposure to low levels of silica dust. 医硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病,Symptoms include hyperventilation, coughing,dysphonia,(,发声困难),anorexia,(,厌食),chest pain and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis,医学词汇构词法i11V,7,Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-sil,Three major objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology.,To analyze words structurally. Learn to divide words into basic elements such as roots, suffixes, prefixes, combining vowels, and combining forms.,gastr,/o/,enter,/o/,logy,root,root,suffix,Combining form,医学词汇构词法i11V,8,Three major objectives to keep,Electr,/o/,cardi,/o/,gram,root,root,root,combining vowel,combining vowel,心电图,医学词汇构词法i11V,9,Electr /o/ cardi /o/ gramrootr,Combining forms,prefixes,suffixes,cyt/o : cell,derm/o :skin,bi/o : life,aden/o :gland,arthr/o : joint,nephr/o :kidney,hepat/o : liver,leuk/o :white,oste/o : bone,epi- :above,multi-: many,poly-: many,ex- : out,endo- :inside,trans- : across,hyper-,: excessive,hypo-,:deficient,-emia :,blood condition,-ectomy: excision,-gram: record,-cyte: cell,-scope: instrument fro visually exam,-itis: inflammation,-ist : person specialized in,-logy: process of study,-oma: tumor,-osis: abnormal condition,-tomy: cutting,医学词汇构词法i11V,10,Combining formsprefixessuffixe,2. To correlate an understanding of word elements with the basic anatomy, physiology, and disease processes of the human body. Such as hemat /o/ logy means the study of the blood.,3. To be continually aware of spelling and pronunciation problems.,Hepat,o,ma:,tumor of the liver 肝细胞瘤,Hemat,o,ma:,blood tumor 血肿,医学词汇构词法i11V,11,2. To correlate an understand,Onc,o,logy,Nephr,o,logy,Neur,o,logy,Gastroenter,o,logy,Nephr,i,tis,Hepat,i,tis,Bronch,i,tis,Carcin,o,ma,Hemat,o,ma,hepat,o,ma,an,a,tomy:,process of cutting up,gastr,e,ctomy:,removal of the stomach,arthr,o,tomy:,incision of a joint,leuk,e,mia,anemia,erythremia,Leukocyt,o,sis,白细胞增多,Necr,o,sis,坏死,Erythrocyt,o,sis,红细胞增多,The Roles of Pronunciation,医学词汇构词法i11V,12,Oncologyanatomy: process of c,Medical Terminology,Systems,Organs,Tissues,Cells,Endocrine syst.,Reproductive syst.,Mastery of Medical Words,医学词汇构词法i11V,13,Medical TerminologyEndocrine s,Organs,Tissues,Cells,医学词汇构词法i11V,14,Organs医学词汇构词法i11V14,Distribution of vocabulary in medical literature,Essential voc.,Popular science voc,.,Medical terms,医学词汇构词法i11V,15,Distribution of vocabulary in,The 2nd category (15%) : hepatitis, appendicitis, encephalopathy, immunodeficiency syndrome,The 3rd category (15%) : distill, dilute , dissolve, filtration, magnetization, dynamics, meteorology, pigmentation,The 1st category 70%: comment, investigate, study,Distribution of vocabulary,医学词汇构词法i11V,16,The 2nd category (15%) : hepa,Medical Terminology,I.,Conv,er,sion,II. de,ri,vative,III.,Co,mpounding,o,pport,u,nist 条件致病菌,physi,o,logy/-ist/ -gic,asymptom,a,tic,antivirus,radioimmunoelectropho,re,sis 放射免疫电泳,医学词汇构词法i11V,17,Medical TerminologyI. Conversi,I. Conversion 词义转换：由普通词汇转换成专业词汇； opportunist ; sympathetic block,交感神经阻滞术, sympathetic nerve , sympathomimetic 拟交感神经药；,capsule 胶囊药,被膜,Re,servoir 贮主(zhu),To protect trachea from collapsing,the uncompromised host 不易受感染的宿主,space occupying lesion 占位性病变,医学词汇构词法i11V,18,I. Conversion 词义转换：由普通词汇转换成专业词,Derivatives,Prefix:,ir-,il-,im-,mis-,irregularity, irresistable,illegal,illiterate,immature,immobile,immodest,immorality,misbehavior,mislead,misfortune,misstate,mismanage,医学词汇构词法i11V,19,Derivatives Prefix: irregulari,Prefix,Dis/dys- dishonest,dysphonia,disorder,dyspnea,disease,in- inexperienced,insufficiency,inadequate,inactivated,医学词汇构词法i11V,20,Prefix医学词汇构词法i11V20,un-,unconditioned reflex,非条件反射,undifferentiated cell leukemia,未分化细胞白血病,unresolved pneumonia,未吸收肺炎,unsaturated fatty acid,不饱和脂肪酸,unstable angina,不稳定型心绞痛,医学词汇构词法i11V,21,un- 医学词汇构词法i11V21,none-,nonsmoker,nonelectrolyte,nonstress test,nonulcer dyspepsia,nonspecific immunity,nonsense mutation,nonself,非抽烟者,非电解质,无应激实验,非溃疡性消化不良,非特异性免疫,无义突变,非自我的,医学词汇构词法i11V,22,none-医学词汇构词法i11V22,ex-,exclusion,excretion,exhale,ex- president,ex-wife,exclude,排斥,排泄,呼气,前总统,前妻,排除在外,医学词汇构词法i11V,23,ex-医学词汇构词法i11V23,Suffix: n.,reliance,resistance,existence,coldness consciousness,decision,collision,inclusion,treatment,encouragement,Adj.,generous,continuous,miscellaneous,congenital,conspicuous scrupulous simultaneously apparently,substantially,医学词汇构词法i11V,24,Suffix: n. Adj. 医学词汇构词法i11V24,V.-en.(a.+ en,),whiten,widen,fasten(tie),lengthen,shorten,worsen,weaken,brighten,lighten,-al n,.,survival,refusal,arrival,proposal,withdrawal,removal,(but not: compose, compromise),医学词汇构词法i11V,25,V.-en.(a.+ en)-al n.医学词汇构词法i1,Compounds,Roots,Organs and their roots,liver,hepato/a-,lung,pulmono-,kidney,reno-/nephro-,heart,cardio-,nerve,neuro-,spleen,splen(o),brain,cerebro-,head,cephal(o),eye,ophthalm/,skin,dermo-,ear,oto-(otology),chest,thorac/o-,arteri/o,artery,vaso,vessel,医学词汇构词法i11V,26,CompoundsRootsspleen splen(o,nose,naso-,/,nasoantritis,鼻上颌窦炎,throat ,laryngo,-,Laryngitis 喉炎,Pharynx ,咽,Pharyng,(o)-,Pharyngectomy 咽切除,描述人体器官方位：,Anterior,anterior band of colon,结肠前带,posterior,posterior teeth 后牙,superior,superior vena cava,上腔静脉,inferior,inferior thyroid artery,甲状腺下动脉,医学词汇构词法i11V,27,nose naso- / nasoantritis 描述人,inter-,(between), interatrial 房间的,intra,-(inside), intracellular,endo,-(intra- ), endocarditis,poly-,(many, much),polyarthritis,multi,- (many, much),-multicuspid 多尖的,hyper,-(high, extra), hypertension,hypo,-(low,less), hypotension,homo,-( same), homolateral同侧的,homograft,hetero-,(different), heteroantigen,异种抗原,dys-(,not),dysplasia发育不良,医学词汇构词法i11V,28,inter- (between) hypo-(lo,dyspnea,呼吸困难,dysphonia,发声困难,counter-,对抗，抑制,countercurrent,逆流,counterbalance,等衡,psycho-,精神/心理,psychology,psychiatry,psychobiology,thrombo,-,血栓,thrombolymphangitis,血栓性淋巴管炎,Thromboendocarditis,血栓性心内膜炎,meningo-,脑膜，脑脊膜,meningoencephalomyelitis,脑脊膜脑脊髓炎,医学词汇构词法i11V,29,dyspnea 呼吸困难thrombo-血栓医学词汇,lympho-,lymphocytopenia,淋巴细胞减少,radio-,radionuclide- angiocardiography,放射性核素心血管造影术,immuno-,immunosuppression,electro-,electrosynthesis,电合成,staphylo-,葡萄，悬雍垂,staphylotoxin,葡萄球菌毒素,staphyloplasty,悬雍垂成形术,医学词汇构词法i11V,30,lympho-electro-医学词汇构词法i11V30,Strepto-,Streptococcus,Streptomycin,Osteo,bone,osteocystoma,骨囊瘤,Lumb/o,lumbar,lumbod,y,nia 腰痛,lumbocostal 腰肋的,Suffix,:,-itis,(inflammation),hepatitis,bronchitis,nephritis,colitis,gastritis,appendicitis,otitis,endocarditis,panarthritis,多发性关节炎,医学词汇构词法i11V,31,Strepto-Suffix:医学词汇构词法i11V31,-ectomy,(removal),splenectomy,appendectomy,pharyngectomy,-graphy,（照像术）,cephalography,测颅术,cardiography,心动描记法,-,gram,照片,cardiogram 心动图,-scope,(glass),ophthalmoscope,stethoscope,microscope,telescope,microscope,telescope,医学词汇构词法i11V,32,-ectomy (removal)- gram 照片医学,-cyte,( cell),leukocyte,myocyte,-coccus 球菌,staphylococci,葡萄球菌,meningococci,pneumococci,streptococci,-logy,(science),Psychology,Sociology,Pathology,Pharmacology,-ist (,scientist),Physiologist,-cian,physician,pediatrician,technician,医学词汇构词法i11V,33,-cyte( cell)-logy (science)医学词,clinician,-oma,(neoplasm)瘤,hepatoarcinoma,adenoma 腺瘤,-emia,-imia血症,leukemia,lipidemia 脂血症,erythroblastemia,成红细胞血症,-,pathy,(disease),pathophysiology,myopathy 肌病,-osis,异常，增多,leukocytosis,erythroblastosis,成红细胞增多,-ia,( condition),otitis media,otoneur,a,lgia 耳神经痛,医学词汇构词法i11V,34,clinician-pathy (disea,hypogammaglobulinemia,cytomegalovirus,mononuclear leukocytosis,osteomyelitis,encephalitis,meningitis,低丙种球蛋白血症,细胞巨化病毒,单核细胞增多,白细胞增多,骨髓炎,脑炎,脑膜炎,Test Yourselves,医学词汇构词法i11V,35,低丙种球蛋白血症Test Yourselves医学词汇构词法,Poliomyelitis,Immunocytochemistry,Immunosuppression,Lymphoproliferative syndromes,Lymphoangiology,Lymphangiotomy,lymphangiosarcoma,脊髓灰质炎,免疫细胞化学,免疫抑制,淋巴细胞增生性,综合症,淋巴管学,淋巴管切开术,淋巴管肉瘤,医学词汇构词法i11V,36,Poliomyelitis脊髓灰质炎医学词汇构词法i11V3,Thank you for your attention !,医学词汇构词法i11V,37,Thank you for your attention,