专四语法及练习虚拟语气

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,专四语法总结及练习,虚拟语气,二 虚拟语气,1.,主从句谓语动词的时态,(1),掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配,:,主 句,从 句,与现在事实相反,would/,情态动词过去式,+do,were(,不分人称,)/did,与过去事实相反,would/,情态动词过去式,+have done,had done,与将来事实相反,would/,情态动词过去式,+do,should do/were to do,Would you have been surprised if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know before hand?(04,年,),与过去事实相反,All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there hadnt been quite such a crowd people there.,（,00,年）,与过去事实相反,(2),区分主从句表示的不同时间概念：,主从句谓语动词,所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间条件句，,动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如：,Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public,our company would not be so thriving as it is.,(,主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反,),Had Paul received six more votes in the last election,he would be our chairman now.,(,主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反,),If I were you,I wouldnt have missed the film last night.,(3),识别事实和假设混合句：,Your,maths,instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.(,句子前半部分为假设情况，而“父母病了”是事实,),I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible,but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.(,前半部分为假设，后半部分是事实,),2.,名词性从句的虚拟形式,名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句的谓语动词需用,(should+),动词原形表示虚拟。考生应熟悉：,(1),下列动词做谓语时，,that,宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形式：,desire,advise,recommend,command,direct,order,ask,demand,request,require,insist,maintain,move,propose,prefer,urge,vote,。,如：,In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home.,I move that he be discharged for his serious mistake.,(2),下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时，,that,主语从句中动词用虚拟形式：,advisable,desirable,insistent,preferable,urgent,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,essential,imperative,important,necessary,obligatory,possible,probable,proper,vital,advised,arranged,commanded,demanded,desired,ordered,proposed,recommended,requested,required,suggested,。如,：,The board deem it urgent that these files should be printed right away.,It is essential that all these figures be checked twice.,真题举例：,It is absolutely,essential,that William,continue,his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(07,65),It is,imperative,that the government,attract,more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(06.59),The opening ceremony is great occasion.It is essential,for us to be prepared,for that.,(3),下列名词接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句中动词用虚拟形式：,insistence,preference,recommendation,suggestion,proposal,motion,desire,requirement,request,order,necessity,importance,regulation,rule,resolution,understanding,。,如：,John Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that,it be,analyzed in a religious,as well as worldly,frame of reference.,3.,含蓄虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式,含蓄虚拟语气是指假设条件不通过,if,从句表达，而是,暗含在其他结构中,。考生应熟悉：,(1),连词,but,but that,or,or else,；,副词,otherwise,unfortunately,等表示转折假设。如：,A safety analysis,would have identified,the target as a potential danger.Unfortunately,it was never done.,Victor obviously doesnt know whats happened;otherwise,he wouldnt have,made such a stupid remark.,(,2),介词短语暗含假设条件，常用的有：,without,but for,under more favorable conditions,等。如：,But for,your timely advice,I,would never have known,how to go about the work.,（,94,年）,(3),intended/meant/hoped/wished/plann,或,was/were+,不定式完成式或,had,intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished,+,不定式一般式暗示虚拟语气。如：,I,intended to have called on you,but I was busy at that time.,(4),情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气。如：,I,should have called,to make an airline reservation,but I didnt.,注意：,would rather,接动词原形，指现或将来时间，表示一种主观愿望,Id rather do it today.,接不定式完成式表示过去的某种选择不恰当。,Id rather not have told her the news.She is such a gossip.,接从句，用虚拟语气，为一般过去式，表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时，表示一个过去的愿望。,Id rather you paid the money yourself.(,现在）,I would sooner she painted the wall green next time.(,将来）,I d rather she hadnt done that.,（过去）,4.,常用虚拟形式的句型,(1),从句,中动词用,过去式或过去完成式表示虚拟的句型：,would rather,would as soon,as though suppose,had better,would sooner,as if supposing,If only,It is(high)time that,(,从句中动词只用过去式,),Its high time we,stopped,cutting down the rainforests.(06,54),(2)If it were not for(,与现在事实相反,),If it had not been for(,与过去事实相反,),相当于,but for,。如：,If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.,(3)If only,谓语动词视情况选用适当的形式。如：,If only the committee,would approve,the regulations and,put,them into effect as soon as possible.,If only the patient,had received,a different treatment instead of using antibiotics,he might still be alive now.(07,54),If only I,could play,the guitar as well as you!(06,年,),(,4)lest/for fear that/in case,从句谓语用,(should+),动词原形。如：,The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.,(5)whetheror,有时谓语用,be,的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法经常采用倒装结构。如：,Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions,be they Christian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,and so on.,The business of each day,be it selling goods or shipping them,went quite smoothly.,让步状语从句中的虚拟语气,Though,if,even if,even though,whatever,however,granted that,等连接代词或副词引导的让步状语从句中可以使用虚拟语气，但是主句一般用直陈语气,。,Eg,:,However,dangerous it might be,I would have a try,.,We wont change our plan even if,the r