定冠词和零冠词

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Grammar,The definite article and zero article,定冠词,the,的用法,1.,特指某,(,些,),人或某,(,些,),事物,The,book on,the,desk is mine.,She is,the,girl who won the prize.,2.,指上文已出现过或者说话者刚才谈及的人或事物,An old man lived in a small house near a forest.One day,the,old man left,the,house and went into,the,forest to gather wood.,3.,表示世界上独一无二的事物,The,sun is bigger than,the,moon.,4.,用于单数可数名词或形容词前,表示一类人或事物的整体,Take care of,the,wounded and the old.,5.,可以和某些集合名词连用,表示整个民族、阶级、阶层等,The,English have a wonderful sense of humor.,The,Chinese people are the greatest in the world.,6.,船只、旅馆、剧院、建筑 以及某些著作、乐曲、报刊等的名词前常加定冠词,The,Peoples Daily is read through out the whole nation.,7.,用于江、,河、湖海、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等专有名称前,the,Yellow River,the,English channel,the,Taiwan Straits,the,Indian Ocean,the,Philippines,（菲律宾群岛）,8.,用于姓的复数前,指全家或全家一些人,the,Zhangs,the,Smiths,the,Whites.,9.,由普通名词构成的专有名词,(,某些国名、政治组织、机构、学校、建筑、报刊杂志等,),很多要加定冠词,1),某些国名及政治组织名称,the,United States,the,United Nations,the,House of,Commons,（众议院）,2),某些学校、机构及建筑等名称,the,British Museum,the,Midland Bank,3),某些报刊杂志的名称,the,New Times,the,Washington Post,the,Daily News,零冠词的用法,1.,一些专有名词前如国名、人名前通常不用定冠词,England,Mary,China,2.,泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词,Women live longer than men in most countries.,3.,抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词,Failure is the mother of success.,Life is short,art is long.,4.,物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词,Man cannot live without water.,You cant,drink,the,water.,5.,在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词,We go to school from Monday to Friday.,Leaves turn yellow in autumn.,6.,在称呼,身份,职业,或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词,The guards took the American to General Lee.,Now he is manager of a bank.,7.,在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词,What would you like for breakfast,sir?,8.,当,by,与火车、,轮船、飞机等交通工具连用表示一种方式时，中间无冠词,I went to Shanghai by air.,9.,有些抽象化的个体名词前一般不用冠词，如：,school,college,prison,sea,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court,work,university,等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的,深层含义,go to hospital,去医院看病,go to the hospital,去医院,(,并不是去看病，而是有其他目的,).,10.,在,daybreak,dawn,noon,midnight,night,sunset,sunrise,这类事件名词前都,不加冠词,He used to wake up at daybreak every day.,11.,下面这类名词前通常不加冠词,大多数街名,广场名,(Times Square),车站,机场,公园,桥梁名,(London Bridge),大学名,(Yale University),节日名,(National Day,New Years Day),多数杂志名,(,Times,Readers Digest,),12.,很多情况下,是否要加冠词,常常是一个,习惯用法问题,特别是在一些固定的词组,中,有时是说不出的道理,in town in the city,在城里,catch cold have a cold,感冒了,at a distance,在一定距离外,in the distance,在远处,Beyond _ stars the astronaut saw,nothing but _ space.,A.the,不填,B.,不填，,the,C.,不填，不填,D.the,the,A,。太空中的星体或世界上独一无二的东西前应加定冠词。,space,作“宇宙空间”解时，也是抽象名词，通常不加冠词。,2.Many people are still in _ habit of,writing silly things in _ public places.,A.the,the B.,不填,不填,C.the,不填,D.,不填,the,C,。,in the habit of,是习惯用语，正如,in the morning,on the other hand,一样，其中的定冠词不可或缺。,public places,是复数名词短语，表示泛指概念，其前面不必用定冠词。,3.Do you know _ lady in blue?,Yes.She is a teacher of a university.,A.the B.a,C.an D.,不填,A,。考查,the,表示特指的用法。根据题意知道是特指“穿蓝色衣服的那个女士”。,4.After watching _ TV,she played _,violin for an hour.,A.,不填，不填,B.the,the,C.the,不填,D.,不填，,the,D,。,watch TV,是习惯搭配，不必用冠词。表,示乐器的名词前应用定冠词。,5.She is _ newcomer to _ chemistry,but she has already made some important,discoveries.,A.the,the B.the,不填,C.a,不填,D.a,the,C,。,newcomer,是单数可数名词，泛指某类人中的一个，要用不定冠词。抽象名词或学科名称前不加任何冠词，,chemistry,是表示学科的抽象名词，因此前面不加,the,。,