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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,试车讲座 5 7/20/2021,*,SLIDE,*,流程工业建设项目的试车,第五章 预试车,李 达,2012,4,试车讲座 5 7/20/2021 7/20/2021,1,Precommissioning,预试车,IEC 62337,的定义,:,Phase during which the activities of non-operating adjustments,cold alignment checks,cleaning,and testing of machinery take place.,一个阶段,其间的工作内容是非运行性调整、冷态对中检查、清洗和动设备试验。,(是一个过程),Process Plant Engineering Activity Model,英国流程工业协会,PPEAM,的定义:,Test the individual items of equipment before inert or process fluids are introduced.,在惰性或工艺流体引入前,对每一单件设备实施试验。,试车讲座 5 7/20/2021 7/20/2021,2,Mechanical Completion,机械竣工,IEC 62337,的定义:,Milestone which is achieved when the plant,or any part thereof,has been erected and tested in accordance with drawings,specifications,instructions,and applicable codes and regulations to the extent necessary to permit cold commissioning.This includes completion of all necessary electrical and instrumentation work.This is a milestone marking the end of the precommissioning activities.,里程碑事件,在此时间点,装置或其中的某一部分已按相关的图纸、规定、说明及适用的标准和规范的要求安装结束并通过试验达到了允许冷试车(联动试车)的必备要求。它包括所有必需的电气及仪表工作已全部完成。此里程碑事件标志着预试车工作的结束。,(是一个时间点),试车讲座 5 7/20/2021 7/20/2021,3,装置验收,阶 段,施 工,预 试 车,试 车,冷试车(联动试车),热试车(投料试车),生产运行,里程碑事件,安装就位,机械竣工,开 车,投产,性能考核,注:施工和预试车活动可以同时进行,国际电工委标准,IEC62337,中关于试车阶段的划分,化工试车,规范的,物权交接点,住建部总承包范本及IchemE的物权交接点,FIDIC的,部分物权交接点?,Commissioning of electrical,instrumentation and control systems in the process industry,Specific phases and milestones,流程工业中电气、仪表和控制系统的试车,各特定的阶段和里程碑事件,试车讲座 5 7/20/2021 7/20/2021,4,国际电工委标准,IEC 62381,中关于试车阶段的划分,Automation systems in the process industry,Factory acceptance test(FAT),site acceptance test(SAT),and site integration test(SIT),流程工业中的自动控制系统,工厂验收测试(FAT)、现场验收测试(SAT)和现场集成测试(SIT),试车讲座 5 7/20/2021 7/20/2021,5,预试车及机械竣工,Pre-commissioning,&Mechanical Completion,确认检查,压力试验,吹扫冲洗,动设备单机试车,专家视察,检查整改,策划及准备,Preparation and Planning,机械竣工及预试车,Mechanical Completion,&,Pre-commissioning,冷试车,Cold-commissioning,热试车及试运行,Hot-commissioning,试车后活动,Post Commissioning,试运行、性能考核及验收,Trial operation,Performance Test&Acceptance,试车讲座 5 7/20/2021 7/20/2021,6,预试车、机械竣工及其检查,Pre-commissioning,Mechanical Completion,&inspection,检查装置现场的施工成品是否依照下列文件:,Checking that everything has been built and it there as per specification.Refer:,管道布置图,Piping Plan Drawings;,平面布置图,Layout and construction drawings,;,管道及仪表流程图,P&IDs,规范、标准,Codes,电气、仪表及控制系统,Electrical systems,Instrumentation and control systems checkout down,由有资质的电仪专业人员核查,试车工程师一般不介入,By appropriately qualified personnel(Electricians and Instrumentation technicians),Commissioning engineers generally do not get involved in this in a hands-on manner.,试车讲座 5 7/20/2021 7/20/2021,7,预试车的,(硬件),前提条件,设备安装工作完成并已经初步调正校验完毕(含有关电气仪表的安装调校),配套的冷却、加热、润滑等系统已安装调校完毕,基础二次灌浆已达到设计强度,配套管道已具备使用条件,装置现场环境已符合必须的安全条件,动力条件(电、汽、水等)已具备,试车讲座 5 7/20/2021 7/20/2021,8,预试车的,(软件)前提条件,组织落实、明确责任,由,施工经理,组织,设备制造厂商指导,施工单位的员工具体操作,监理及,业主方员工,到场确认。,试车方案完备,试车方案一般由承包方和设备制造厂商编制,并经业主方确认,安全措施及事故预案完备并经业主方确认,试车讲座 5 7/20/2021 7/20/2021,9,机械竣工前应做的工作,What should be done before mechanical completion,公用工程试车;,Utilities commissioning,;,润滑及密封油系统的清洗;,Lube and Seal-Oil Systems Cleaned;,电气、,仪表及控制回路的校对检验;,Electrical,Instrumentation and Control Loops Proven;,工艺管道、塔器及容器的清洗;,Piping,Towers and Vessels Cleaned;,烘炉及酸洗;,Dry-Out and Acid Cleaned;,透平机、风机、电机及泵类的单机试车;,Turbine,Fan,Motor and Pump Run-Ins;,压力及气密试验。,Pressure test and Tightness Test,.,试车讲座 5 7/20/2021 7/20/2021,10,适用的施工及验收规范(国内),GB 50235-2010,工业金属管道工程施工及验收规范,GB 50275-98,压缩机、风机、泵安装工程施工及验收规范,GB 50231-2009,机械设备安装工程施工及验收通用规范,GB 50461-2008,静设备安装工程施工质量验收规范,HG 20203-2000,化工机器安装工程施工及验收通用规范,HG,T 2387-2007,工业设备化学清洗质量标准,HG 20202-2000,脱脂工程施工及验收规范,试车讲座 5 7/20/2021 7/20/2021,11,管道系统的预试车,压力试验,水冲洗,空气吹扫,蒸汽吹扫,化学清洗,油清洗,脱脂,施工管理人员负责组织,,试车专业人员及业主员工额外监督。,试车讲座 5 7/20/2021 7/20/2021,12,管线的追踪检查,Walk lines,划分区域、指定专人、分工检查;,指定一套用图,按分工标注检查结果;,从头至尾逐条检查各管线并将结果标注于专用图;,核对以下事项:,管线、容器、阀门等的位置是否正确?,阀门的类型是否正确?,放空、放净、蒸汽疏水是否齐?,各个法兰、螺栓的型号是否正确?,盲板及,8,字盲板的安装是否正确?,核对所有的标志号牌是否正确?,将查出的问题逐一记录到问题及整改清单,试车讲座 5 7/20/2021 7/20/2021,13,管线应力检查,C,heck of Pipe Stressing,肉眼可见,或用仪器检查,重点如下:,Can be seen visually,or checked with gauges,,as followings:,管线应留由温度变化而引起伸缩的空间,其应力不应作用在设备上;,Piping should provide adequately for expansion and contraction due to temperature changes,without placing excessive stresses on equipment;,管线上各法兰对的对中,弯头附近的法兰对易于受到应力作用而偏心;,Misalignment between matching flanges on,pipework,-particular where there are changes in direction(elbows)can cause stressing;,管线与动设备、容器及其他工艺设备连接处法兰对的偏心;,Misalignments where pipe-work connects to machinery,vessels and other process equipment;,试车讲座 5 7/20/2021 7/20/2021,14,管线及设备的热膨胀检查,Thermal growth of,piping and equipment,可移动支撑允许并引导管道或设备受热时的热膨胀,如它们不能发挥作用,将导致管线或设备的管口损坏,启用前,检查是否按要求安装;,升温时,检查:,热膨胀量及支撑的工作状况是否在涉及范围内?,移动支撑点的滑动面,如有啃皮现象,需改善润滑?,冷却后,检查:,滑动支撑是否归位以确认设备可按要求热胀冷缩?,试车讲座 5 7/20/2021 7/20/2021,15,弹簧支撑或吊架的检查,Inspection of spring supports,水压试验前检查各弹簧上是否安装了限位器,如缺少限位器,充水后的重量将导致弹簧屈服变形。,水压试验后,热媒引入前,检查各限位器是否拆除、弹簧位置指示器是否在指在冷态。,热媒引入完成后,检查弹簧位置指示器是否超过了设定点。,冷却后,检查确认管线是否可按要求膨胀收缩、确认弹簧在正常的工况下。,试车讲座 5 7/20/2021 7/20/2021,16,管线的吹扫与清洗,Cleaning and Flushing,目的是将施工遗留在管道或设备内小块杂物
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