8-DTraining8D培训

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,#,1,8-D Training,8D,培训,2,CourseObjectives课程目,标,标,Aftercompleting thiscourse youshouldbeableto:,/,/完成这,门,门课程,之,之后你,应,应该能,够,够:,识别哪,类,类问题,适,适合运,用,用8D工具,Describeeach stepinthe 8D process,描述8D工具中,的,的每个,步,步骤的,功,功能和,目,目标,Effectivelyparticipateasa 8D teammember in yourworkplace,在你的,工,工作岗,位,位上以,一,一个8D团队成,员,员的身,份,份积极,有,有效地,参,参与。,3,Overviewofthe8DProcess8D程序综,述,述,The8Dprocess8D程序:,Asks whya productorprocessisoperatingoutsideofa performance standard思考一,种,种产品,或,或过程,为,为什么,会,会运行,于,于其性,能,能标准,之,之外,Seekstodefineand understandaproblem寻求对,于,于故障,的,的定义,和,和理解,Providesa mechanismforidentifyingrootcauseandimplementing appropriate correctiveaction,提供一,种,种识别,故,故障根,本,本起因,的,的机制,并,并执行,合,合适的,矫,矫正行,为,为,Identifies theneed forsystemicchanges,preventing therecurrence of aproblemandothersimilarproblems识别系,统,统变化,的,的需要,，,，预防,同,同一个,故,故障以,及,及其他,类,类似故,障,障的重,现,现,Emphasizes teamsynergy强调团,队,队的协,作,作,4,TypesofProblem situations,两种故,障,障类型,Therearetwo types of problemsituations:有两种,故,故障类,型,型:,Change,-,-inducedsituations变异引,起,起的情,况,况,Never-been-there situations,从未发,生,生过的,情,情况,5,8Dand6-SigmaDMAIC8D和6-Sigma DMAIC,TheG8D processisparticularly suitedtotheresolutionofchangeinducedproblems,orspecial cause.,8D程序对,于,于解决,变,变异或,者,者说特,殊,殊起因,导,导致的,故,故障的,效,效果是,显,显著的,。,。,The6-Sigmaprocess is especiallysuited to theresolution of never beenthereproblems, orcommoncause.,6-Sigma方法尤,其,其适合,解,解决从,未,未发生,过,过的或,者,者说共,通,通起因,导,导致的,故,故障。,6,ChangeInduced,(,(8D,),)变异导,致,致(8D,),),Initially, thesystemoperatesasexpected, butatsome point it suddenly deviates fromthe expected performance level.起初，,系,系统按,预,预期效,果,果运行,，,，但是,在,在某个,节,节点上,它,它突然,背,背离了,预,预期的,性,性能水,平,平,Thedeviation might be ongoing, intermittent,oraone,-,-timeevent,(,(wherethereisalways thepotentialitcan reoccur,),).这种背,离,离也许,会,会持续,、,、间断,或,或者仅,仅,仅是一,次,次事件,（,（在潜,在,在的某,个,个位置,会,会重新,发,发生）,Ifthedeviation is intermittentitmighthappenrandomlyorinapattern.如果这,种,种背离,是,是间断,的,的，它,也,也许会,无,无规律,地,地发生,，,，或者,按,按照某,种,种模式,发,发生,Change,-,-inducedproblemsdonotgoawayuntiltherootcauseisfound.变异导,致,致的故,障,障直到,根,根本起,因,因发现,之,之后才,会,会消失,7,NeverBeen There (DMAIC)从未发,生,生过(DMAIC,),),Theperformanceofasystemhas never achieved theexpectedlevel.一种系,统,统的性,能,能从未,达,达到过,预,预期的,水,水平,Thesystem hasoperatedbelowexpectationsfromdayone (incapableprocess),.,.系统从,施,施行那,天,天起就,低,低于预,期,期水平,（,（无法,胜,胜任的,程,程序）,Never-been-there problems sometimesarecalled aday-onedeviation,.,.从未发,生,生过的,故,故障有,时,时称为,本,本身背,离,离故障,。,。,Never-been-there problems maybeduetoanumberoffactorsincludinginadequatedesignand commoncausevariation从未发,生,生过的,故,故障可,能,能是由,于,于许多,因,因素所,致,致，包,括,括不适,当,当的设,计,计和共,通,通起因,的,的变更,8,Phasesofthe 8D Process8D程序的,几,几个阶,段,段,D0Prepare fortheglobal 8D process,D0全球8D程序的,准,准备,D1Establishthe team,D1创建工,作,作团队,D2Describetheproblem,D2故障描,述,述,D3Develop InterimContainmentActions,(,(ICAs,),),D3制定临时控,制,制措施,D4Defineand verifyroot cause andescapepoint,D4定义并,验,验证根,本,本起因,和,和逃逸,点,点,9,Phasesofthe 8D Process8D程序的,几,几个阶,段,段,D5Chooseand verifyPermanentCorrectiveActions (PCAs)forrootcauseandescape point,D5能够针,对,对根本,起,起因和,忽,忽略点,来,来选择,并,并确认,永,永久性,的,的改正,行,行动,D6Implementand validate PermanentCorrective Actions,(,(PCAs,),),D6执行并,验,验证永,久,久性改,正,正行动,D7Prevent recurrence,D7预防问,题,题的重,复,复发生,D8Recogniseteamandindividualcontribution,D8肯定团,队,队及个,人,人的贡,献,献,10,各章节,目,目标:,定义D0的目标,确定紧,急,急反应,行,行为是,否,否是必,需,需的,描述紧,急,急反应,行,行为,区别核,实,实确认,和,和批准,确,确认,选定，,检,检验，,执,执行以,及,及验证,紧,紧急反,应,应行为,确定是,否,否使用8D来解决,故,故障,描述故,障,障/清单评,估,估的作,用,用,D0, “8D过程的,准,准备”,11,WhyShould IPrepareforthe Global8DProcess?我为什,么,么要为,全,全球8D过程做,准,准备?,The8Dprocesscanbeintensive.Alotoftime,people,andresources canbeinvolvedandwasted,ifusingtheprocessisnotjustified.8D过程应,该,该是彻,底,底的。,很,很多时,候,候，如,果,果过程,使,使用不,适,适当，,人,人力和,财,财力将,会,会很棘,手,手并造,成,成浪费,。,。,D0helpsyoufocusonthe problemsothatyouuse resourcesefficiently.D0帮助你,集,集中精,力,力于故,障,障，所,以,以你可,以,以有效,地,地使用,资,资源。,Prepare forthe8DProcess8D过程的,准,准备,12,AnEmergencyResponseAction (ERA,),) is anyactiontakentoprotectcustomersand affected partiesfrom asymptomwhileyoudetermine if a8Disnecessary.,紧急反,应,应行动,（,（ERA）是在,你,你确认8D是否必,要,要后所,采,采取的,行,行动，,目,目的在,于,于保护,顾,顾客及,相,相关受,影,影响的,对,对象不,致,致因一,症,症状而,蒙,蒙受损,失,失。,A customer is aperson,organisation, or class of driverexperiencingsymptoms,.,.顾客可,以,以是一,个,个人，,一,一个组,织,织，或,者,者驱动,症,症状产,生,生的某,类,类事物,。,。,Affectedparties arepeople, organisations, or classesofdriverswhoare or willpotentiallybeaffectedbyasymptom.受影响,的,的对象,可,可以是,人,人，组,织,织，或,者,者被症,状,状影响,或,或存在,潜,潜在影,响,响的某,些,些类事,物,物。,EmergencyResponseActions紧急反,应,应行动,13,EmergencyResponseActions,紧急应,变,变行动,Isbasedontheinformationyou haveathand它是基,于,于你所,掌,掌握的,信,信息而,采,采取的,行,行动,Maybeasextensive as stopping allshipmentsorasminimalasdoingnothing at all它可能,大,大到停,止,止所有,发,发运，,也,也可能,小,小到什,么,么都不,做,做,Isanimmediateimplementation,-,-youdontspendalotoftimeresearchinganERA是立即,就,就要采,取,取的措,施,施,你,你不必,事,事先花,很,很多时,间,间来研,究,究应急,措,措施,14,Determinethe needfor an ERA考虑采,取,取紧急,应,应变行,动,动需要,作,作何准,备,备,AnERAisnot alwaysnecessary并不是,所,所有故,障,障都需,要,要采取,应,应急措,施,施,Theseriousnessofthe problemand itseffectonthe customer willdetermine if an ERAisrequired应该根,据,据故障,的,的严重,性,性和它,对,对顾客,产,产生的,影,影响来,确,确定是,否,否需要,采,采取应,急,急措施,Whereimmediateaction is required duetotheseriousnessofthe problem, an ERAmaybeimplementedbefore theG8Dteamisformed根据故,障,障的严,重,重性来,决,决定如,何,何采取,应,应急措,施,施。在,成,成立全,球,球8D的团队,之,之前就,可,可以采,取,取应急,措,措施了,15,Selectand VerifyanERA,T,o makesureanERAwillprotect customers,you needtoverify it to ensureitwill workasexpectedand doesnot introducea newfailure mode,.,.为了确,定,定应急,措,措施可,以,以保护,消,消费者,，,，需要,验,验证它,以,以保证,它,它按照,期,期望的,状,状态进,行,行，并,且,且不会,导,导致新,的,的失效,模,模式,Youcan verifyanERAonanon,-,-productionproduct suchasaprototypeorcomputersimulation.你可以,在,在非产,品,品上面,做,做ERA的验证,，,，比如,采,采用模,型,型或者,计,计算机,模,模拟的,方,方式,16,G8DApplicationCriteria,8D的适用,标,标准,s,ixcriteriaforinitiatingtheGlobal 8D process,:,:,开始进,行,行8D需要满,足,足六个,要,要求,Symptom defined该故障,的,的定义,Customershavebeen identified顾客是,经,经过鉴,别,别的,Performancegapexists该故障,存,存在改,进,进的空,间,间,Causeisunknown起因未,知,知,Management is committedtofixingtheproblem at theroot cause level andpreventing recurrence管理层,致,致力于,从,从根本,起,起因的,层,层面去,解,解决故,障,障并采,取,取预防,措,措施防,止,止故障,再,再次发,生,生,Complexity of thesymptom exceedsthe abilityofone persontosolvetheproblem故障很,复,复杂，,不,不可能,单,单凭一,个,个人的,能,能力完,成,成,17,8 -DisciplinesofProblem Solving,解决问,题,题的8,项,项纪律,D-1FormtheTeam建立团,队,队,18,D-1FormTheTeam建立团,队,队,Size规模,5 to 7CoreMembers5-7位核心,成,成员,Support Needed所需支,持,持,What level of theorganization组织结,构,构中的,哪,哪一层,次,次,Change改变,Accordingtoneeds根据需,要,要,Roles角色,Defineroles,/,/responsibilities,确定角,色,色/责,任,任,19,D-1FormTheTeam建立团,队,队CAUTIONS注意,!,! !,!,!,Ensurecross,-,-functionalteam members确保有,多,多个功,能,能部门,的,的团队,成,成员,Include processowners (thosewhodothe work,),)要包括,过,过程当,事,事人(实际作,这,这项工,作,作的人,员,员),Include champion andleaderasroad-blockremovers要包括,团,团队负,责,责人和,团,团队组,长,长作为,路,路障排,除,除人,Team Synergy团队协,作,作,Oneofthe mainreasonsforforminga teamatstepD1istogain synergy在D1阶段成,立,立团队,的,的主要,原,原因之,一,一在于,开,开展团,队,队协作,Synergyoccurswhenthewholeofateams outputisgreater thanthe sumofitsinputs当团队,的,的输出,大,大于其,输,输入时,，,，意味,着,着团队,协,协作发,生,生作用,了,了,Synergisticteamscanoutperformcompetitorswhomay be moreskilledorhave betterormore resources一个相,互,互协作,的,的团队,可,可以远,胜,胜于一,个,个技能,更,更高或,资,资源更,多,多更好,的,的竞争,对,对手,21,8 -DisciplinesofProblem Solving,解决问,题,题的8,项,项纪律,D-2Describethe Issue描述问,题,题,22,D2“DescribetheProblem”D2-描述问,题,题,D2drivesthe restofthe 8D process, becauseestablishing aclearproblemstatementand an objectiveproblem description duringD2leadstoeffectiveproblemsolving.,D2驱动8D的其他,步,步骤，,因,因为在D2中需要,把,把问题,陈,陈述清,楚,楚并拟,定,定清晰,的,的目标,，,，这样,才,才能使,团,团队能,够,够迅速,有,有效的,解,解决问,题,题。,D2helpsteamsfocusontherealproblem andavoidjumping to conclusions or makingunsubstantiatedassumptionsabouttheproblem.D2帮助团,队,队关注,问,问题本,身,身，避,免,免凭主,观,观的假,设,设判断,问,问题，,或,或者对,问,问题作,出,出毫无,现,现实根,据,据的判,断,断。,23,D-2DescribetheIssue描述问,题,题,Definethe issue in terms of whatiswrongwithwhat用“什,么,么出现,了,了什么,问,问题”,的,的方式,来,来进行,描,描述,WHAT什么,Objectwas theissueseen on出现问,题,题的事,物,物,What defectwasseen出现的,问,问题,WHERE何处,Seen on Object在什么,东,东西上,Seen Geographically在哪些,地,地区,(Supplier, Customer,Etc,.,.),(,(哪些供,应,应商,客,客户,等,等),24,D-2Describethe Issue描述问,题,题,WHEN何时,Firstseen何时首,次,次发现,When elseseen何时重,复,复发现,When seeninthe process,何时在,工,工序/,程,程序中,发,发现,HOWBIG多大,Howmanyobjects havethe defect有多少,有,有缺陷,的,的事物,Howmanydefects perobject每件事,物,物上有,多,多少缺,陷,陷,What is thetrend趋势如,何,何,25,D-2Describethe Issue描述问,题,题,TOOLSTOUSE可用工,具,具,Process flowdiagram工序流,程,程图,Checksheetstocollectdata用检查,表,表来收,集,集数据,Anydatathat is reportingtheissue反映问,题,题的任,何,何数据,Customercomplaints客户抱,怨,怨,Current SPC/Data collectionsheets现有的SPC,/,/数据收,集,集表,PFMEA过程FMEA,Scrap/reworkreports废品/,返,返工报,表,表,26,RepeatedWhys,反复问“为什么”,Heres an exampleof“repeatedwhys”or“stairstepping”:下面是“反复提,问,问”和“步骤”的例子,：,Youvereceiveda customer complaintaboutpoor qualityparts,.,. Thepartshave dents anddingsthat cause thecustomers machines to jam.,你接到,一,一个顾,客,客关于,零,零件质,量,量问题,的,的投诉,。,。 这,个,个零件,因,因为有,凹,凹痕和,凸,凸点，,导,导致了,顾,顾客的,机,机器出,了,了问题,。,。,27,Is/IsNotWorksheets是/不是,工,工作表,Inthe8Dprocess,you useanIs/IsNotWorksheet to helpyou identify andtrackthedetailsoftheproblem.Thisworksheet helps youdevelop aproblemdescriptionandorganisethe information accordingtoa rational method.,在8D过程中,，,，你可,以,以利用,一,一个是/不是,工,工作表来帮助,你,你定义,及,及追踪,问,问题。,这,这张表,能,能帮助,你,你完成,问,问题详,述,述，并,根,根据合,理,理的方,法,法组织,信,信息。,28,UsinganIs/IsNotWorksheet使用是/不,是,是 工,作,作表,TheIsinformationonanIs,/,/IsNot Worksheetdefines yourproblembasedontheinformationyou haveathand.The Is Notdata helps younarrowyoursearch,.,.,是/不,是,是 工,作,作表中是的信息,是,是在你,已,已有资,料,料的基,础,础上定,义,义故障,。,。不是的信息,帮,帮助你,缩,缩小研,究,究的范,围,围。,TheIs,/,/IsNot data,:,:是/不,是,是数据,Describesthe scope or extentofthedefect,表述缺,陷,陷的范,围,围及程,度,度,Includesjust thefacts,仅包含,事,事实,Isused later in D4 to leadtoacause,在稍候,的,的D4中被用,来,来导出,起,起因,Ispart of theobservationphaseofproblem solving,是解决,故,故障过,程,程中，,属,属于观,察,察阶段,的,的一部,分,分,29,UsinganIs/IsNotWorksheet,使用是/不,是,是 工,作,作表,When youdevelop Is Notdata:,当你填,写,写不是信息时,应,应当：,Include onlyfacts,;,; dont jumptoconclusions,仅包含,事,事实，,不,不要马,上,上下结,论,论,Look for,closecousinsobjects similarinshape, composition,form,function,etc.,察看在,外,外形、,成,成分、,形,形态、,功,功用等,方,方面类,似,似的物,品,品是否,能,能正常,使,使用。,Createatleastone Is NotforeachIs,为每一是信息填,写,写至少,一,一项不是,Include as muchinformationasyou canfrom theinformationathand,包含尽,可,可能多,的,的你能,从,从手中,的,的信息,中,中获得,的,的信息,。,。,30,D-2Describethe Issue描述问,题,题,31,D-2Describethe Issue描述问,题,题,32,D-2Describethe Issue,33,D-2Describethe Issue,34,D-2Describethe Issue描述问,题,题CAUTIONS注意,!,! !,!,!,Stateissueinquantifiableterms用可量,化,化的术,语,语来描,述,述问题,Usedatatosupport problemstatement用数据,来,来支持,问,问题描,述,述,Describesymptom /effect of theissue描述问,题,题的症,状,状/影,响,响,Avoidjumping to conclusionofcause避免跳,至,至总结,原,原因,35,8 -DisciplinesofProblem Solving,解决问,题,题的8,项,项纪律,D-3ContainmentActivities临时控,制,制措施,36,D-3ContainmentActions临时控,制,制措施,DetermineifContainmentisNeeded确定是,否,否需要,临,临时控,制,制措施,IFYES如果是,Defineaction(s,),)确定措,施,施,Assignresponsibility明确责,任,任,Implement实施,Document记录存,档,档,Monitor监督,Establishexitcriteria确定完,成,成标准,37,D-3ContainmentActions临时控,制,制措施,IFNO如果不,是,是,Documentreasons whycontainmentaction,(,(s)are notrequired记录不,需,需要临,时,时控制,措,措施的,原,原因,38,D3, “Develop an InterimContainmentAction (ICA,),)”,D3, “制定临,时,时解决,方,方案”,D3providestheopportunitytodevelopInterim Containment ActionsuntilPermanent CorrectiveActionsareimplemented,.,.,D3提供临,时,时解决,方,方案直,到,到执行,持,持久纠,正,正方案,为,为止。,TheICAsisolate theeffects of theproblem fromany internal/external customer.Also at D3,ICAs mustbevalidated.,ICAs不受任,何,何内部,和,和外部,顾,顾客的,影,影响。,在,在D3上，ICAs必须生,效,效。,39,WhyDevelopanInterim Containment Action,(,(ICA)?,为什么,制,制定临,时,时解决,方,方案,Therearefourstepstodeveloping an ICA:,这里有,拟,拟定临,时,时解决,方,方案的,四,四个步,骤,骤：,Selectthe ICA.,选择ICA,2.VerifytheICA.,核实ICA,Implementthe ICA.,执行ICA,ValidatetheICA.,确认ICA,40,D-3Containment Action(s)临时控,制,制措施CAUTIONS注意,!,! !,!,!,Ensurecustomerprotection确保保,护,护客户,的,的利益,Determineand document criteria forbegin,/,/ exitcontainmentactions确定并,纪,纪录控,制,制措施,开,开始/,完,完成的,标,标准,Communicatetokeyprocessowners和主要,过,过程当,事,事人作,好,好沟通,41,8 -DisciplinesofProblem Solving,解决问,题,题的8,项,项纪律,D-4FindandVerify RootCause查找并,确,确定根,本,本原因,42,D-4FindandVerify RootCause查找并,确,确定根,本,本原因,Brainstorm forPotentialCauses集思广,益,益查找,潜,潜在原,因,因,Free Wheeling言所预,言,言,UseFlipCharts用白板,纸,纸,RoundRobin轮流发,言,言,StickyNotes便签纸,43,D-4FindandVerify RootCause查找并,确,确定根,本,本原因,Brainstorming rules集思广,益,益的规,则,则,AvoidCriticism避免批,评,评,Welcome Exaggeration欢迎夸,张,张,Wilder,/,/Better越夸张,/,/越好,Solicit Quantity讲求数,量,量,AsMany As Possible越多越,好,好,EncourageBuildingonOtherIdeas鼓励在,别,别的想,法,法上扩,展,展,StimulateParticipation刺激参,与,与,RecordAll Ideas记录所,有,有的建,议,议,Discussion Comes Later事后再,进,进行讨,论,论,44,D-4FindandVerify RootCause查找并,确,确定根,本,本原因,Consider考虑,What washappening发生了,什,什么事,What was,“,“normal”正常应,是,是怎样,What changed什么发,生,生了变,化,化,What started什么开,始,始了,What stopped什么停,止,止了,VERIFY确定,Canthe problembeturned “on”and “off,”,”问题是,否,否可“,停,停”，,可,可“显,”,”?,45,D-4FindandVerify RootCause查找并,确,确定根,本,本原因,ToolsToUse可用工,具,具,Five Whys五个为,什,什么,Fishbone,/,/ Cause &Effect鱼骨法,/,/因果,法,法,Data Analysis数据分,析,析,Scatter Diagram散布图,DesignofExperimentTools试验工,具,具设计,46,D-4RootCause根本原,因,因CAUTIONS注意!,!,!,!,!,Don,tjump to conclusions不要跳,至,至结论,Donotstopthe8-D processbecauseContainmentActions havereducedthepain不要因,为,为临时,控,控制措,施,施缓解,了,了疼痛,而,而停止8D程序,Don,treactonly to thesymptoms,-,- go to thecause不要仅,针,针对症,状,状进行,反,反应,要,要针,对,对原因,47,8 -DisciplinesofProblem Solving,解决问,题,题的8,项,项纪律,D-5Select theBest Solution选择最,佳,佳解决,方,方案,48,D-5Select BestSolution选择最,佳,佳解决,方,方案,EVALUATEbasedon,根据以,下,下几点,来,来进行,评,评估,Effectonthe problem对问题,的,的影响,Practicality实用性,Cost成本,Acceptance可接受,性,性,Time to implement,/,/ utilize实施/,运,运用的,时,时间,49,D-5Select BestSolution选择最,佳,佳解决,方,方案,IMPLEMENTATIONPLAN实施计,划,划,What is required需要什,么,么,Whoisresponsiblefor what谁负责,什,什么,Establishtarget dates确定目,标,标日期,Involve affected parties相关部,门,门参与,Obtainmanagementsupport取得管,理,理层的,支,支持,DocumentChanges对变化,进,进行记,录,录,Anticipate unwanted effects准备接,受,受非预,期,期的效,果,果,50,D-5Select BestSolution,选择最,佳,佳解决,方,方案,TOOLSTOUSE可用工,具,具,Evaluation Grid评估网,格,格,BenchmarkingReview对照标,准,准的检,查,查,Poka YokeReview防错检,查,查,Cost BenefitAnalysis成本收,益,益分析,51,D-5SelectingBest Solution,选择最,佳,佳解决,方,方案,CAUTIONS注意!,!,!,!,!,Ensuresolutioncan efficiently be implemented确保解,决,决方案,可,可以被,有,有效实,施,施,Obtainbuy-in fromkey stake holders取得主,要,要工序,负,负责人,的,的赞同,Identifyallcosts,/,/impact,(,(s)ofproposedsolution确定建,议,议的方,案,案的所,有,有成本,/,/影响,52,8 -DisciplinesofProblem Solving,解决问,题,题的8,项,项纪律,D-6Verification of CorrectiveAction纠正措,施,施验证,53,D-6VerificationofCorrective Actions纠正措,施,施验证,ON-GOINGCONTROLS持续监,控,控,Quantifiable,&,&Measurable可量化,&,&可测,量,量,Clearly meets objectives,/,/goals明显达,到,到目的,/,/目标,54,D-6VerificationofCorrective Actions纠正措,施,施验证,REVIEWCONTAINMENT检查临,时,时控制,措,措施,Canitberemoved是不是,可,可以停,止,止,Containmentcannotberemoveduntilverificationdataprovesthatthestated objective,/,/ goalhas beenmet在验证,数,数据证,实,实确定,的,的目的,/,/目标,被,被实现,以,以前不,能,能停止,临,临时控,制,制措施,55,D-6VerificationofCorrective Actions纠正措,施,施验证,VERIFICATIONMETHODS验证方,法,法,Increasefrequencyoftestingof,“,“X”testfrom 6pcs permonthto3 pcsperday fornext 3months在今后,三,三个月,内,内将进,行,行X试验的,测,测试频,率,率从每,月,月6次,提,提高到,每,每天3,次,次.,100,%,% sortfor defect,“,“X”for thenext fiveshipments对今后,五,五批发,货,货进行100,%,%X缺陷的,检,检查,56,D-6VerificationofCorrective Actions纠正措,施,施验证,VERIFICATIONMETHODS验证方,法,法,Collect datafor specific defectforthe next3weeks;calculate theCpK,(,(CpKmust be equal to or greaterthan1.67)在今后,三,三周内,收,收集特,定,定缺陷,的,的数据,，,，计算CpK值 (CpK必须大,于,于等于1.67),Test forcharacteristic,“,“X”,;,; zerodefectsallowed测试特,性,性X,必须为,零,零缺陷,57,D-6VerificationofCorrective Actions纠正措,施,施验证,VERIFICATIONMETHODS验证方,法,法,Trackovertimeinarea “Y”forthe next3months,;,; overtime shouldnotexceed “A”hourspermonth在今后,三,三个月,内,内跟踪Y区的加,班,班情况,。,。每月,加,加班时,间,间应不,超,超过A小时。,58,D-6VerificationofCorrective Actions纠正措,施,施验证CAUTIONS注意,!,! !,!,!,Ensurecontainmentisnot ended toosoon确保不,要,要太早,停,停止临,时,时控制,措,措施,Avoidshortterm impact避免短,期,期影响,59,8 -DisciplinesofProblem Solving,解决问,题,题的8,项,项纪律,D-7PreventRecurrence预防问,题,题重复,发,发生,60,D-7PreventRecurrence预防问,题,题重复,发,发生,Identifywhat allowedthe problemtooccurbysearching:检查以,下,下几个,方,方面，,确,确定曾,导,导致问,题,题发生,的,的因素,Systems体系,Practices习惯作,法,法,Procedures程序文,件,件,Reviewotherareaswherethisproblem could occur检查其,他,他可能,发,发生同,样,样问题,的,的区域,61,D-7PreventRecurrence预防问,题,题重复,发,发生,TOOLSTOUSE可用工,具,具,Brainstorming集思广,益,益,ActionPlanning行动规,划,划,Process FlowDiagrams工序流,程,程图,pFMEAs过程FMEA,62,D-7PreventRecurrence预防问,题,题重复,发,发生,MethodtoPreventRecurrence预防问,题,题重复,发,发生的,方,方法,Identifytheopportunity查找问,题,题发生,的,的机会,Definethe scope确定范,围,围,Analyze thecurrent process分析现,有,有程序,Envisionthefuture process设想未,来,来的程,序,序,Pilotandverify theproposedchange试验并,验,验证设,想,想的变,化,化,63,D-7PreventRecurrence预防问,题,题重复,发,发生,MethodtoPreventRecurrence -contd预防问,题,题重复,发,发生的,方,方法(,续,续),Implementthe change实施改,变,变,Changeall pertinentrecords修改所,有,有相关,的,的纪录,Obtaincustomerapprovalpriortochange if required需要的,话,话，在,改,改变前,要,要取得,客,客户的,认,认可,ContinuallyImprove持续改,进,进,64,D-7PreventRecurrence预防问题,重,重复发,生,生CAUTIONS注意!,!,!,!,!,Ensurequalitysystemrequirements (TS16949)areadheredto确保符,合,合质量,体,体系(TS-16949)的要求,Ensurecustomerapprovalisobtained, as required需要的,话,话,要,确,确保得,到,到客户,的,的认可,Ensureprovision forallimpactedareas确保实,施,施到所,有,有受影,响,响区域,65,8 -DisciplinesofProblem Solving,解决问,题,题的8,项,项纪律,D-8CongratulatetheTeam祝贺团,队,队,66,D-8CongratulateTeam祝贺团,队,队,Recognizethe collectiveeffortsoftheteam承认团,队,队的集,体,体努力,Show appreciationforindividualcontributors对个人,的,的贡献,表,表示感,谢,谢,Promote participation促进参,与,与,Provide atactfulannouncementof,“,“theend,”,”技巧性,地,地宣布,“,“完成,”,”,67,D-8CongratulateTeam祝贺团,队,队CAUTIONS注意!,!,!,!,!,Rememberthosewhosupported theteam efforts别忘了,那,那些对,团,团队工,作,作给予,支,支持的,人,人员,Seek creative waystocongratulate theteam采取有,创,创意的,方,方式来,祝,祝贺团,队,队,