定语从句讲解

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The Attributive Clause,定语从句讲解,定语从句考点,1,、关系代词,that which;whose;which as,的用,法比较；,2,、关系代词和关系副词的用法比较；,3,、介词加关系代词引导的定语从句；,4,、定语从句与并列句的区别。,一关系代词,1.who,指人,作主语或宾语,(,作宾语可省略）,2.whom,指人,作宾语,(,作宾语可省略,如介词提前 则不能省,),3.which,指物，,作主语或宾语,(,作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省,),4.that,指人,/,物，作主语或宾语,(,作宾语可省略）,5.whose,指人,/,物，作定语,6.as,指人,/,物，常用于固定搭配中，与,the same,such,连用做主语，宾语和表语,A,当先行词为物时，关系代词可以用,that,也可用,which,，,但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中，只能用,which,，,不能用,that,。,D,1,、关系代词的用法比较,问题：,that,和,which,1,、,Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody,In the office.,（,05,浙江卷）,A,whichB,that C,this D,it,2,、,Luckily,wed brought a road map without _ we,would have lost our way.,（,04,北京春季）,A.itB.that C.thisD.which,但在下列情况中，只能用,that,，,不用,which,：,当先行词是,all,a lot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing,等词时,。如：,All,that can be done,has been done.,In this factory I saw,little/much,that was different from ours,.,当先行词被,all,any,no,much,little,few,every,等限定词所修饰时。,如：,We heard clearly,every word,that he said,.,当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时,。,如：,The,first thing,that should be done,is to get the tickets.,When people talk about Hangzhou,the first,that comes to mind,is the West Lake.,当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时,，,如：,Is that,the best,that you can do,?,Thats,the most,expensive,hotel,that weve ever stayed in,.,This novel is,the second best one,that I have ever read.,当先行词被,the very,the only,the next,the last,等所修饰时。,如：,This is the,very book,that I want to find,.,当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。,如：,The guests spoke highly of,the children and their performances,that they saw at the Childrens Palace,.,She described in her compositions,the people and places,that impressed her most,.,当主句是以,which,开头的特殊疑问句时。,如：,Which,is the,car,that killed the boy,?,问题,2:whose,1)Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from,_effects the people are still suffering.,（,05,天津卷）,A.that B.whose C.those D.what,2)George Orwell,_ was Eric Arthur,wrote many political,novels and essays.(04,北京）,A.the real nameB.what his real name,C.his real nameD.whose real name,B,D,“,whose+,名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如题,2,），又能作宾语（如题,1,）。,whose,的先行词常用来指人，可与,of whom,互换（如题,2,），但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念（如题,1,），这时可以与,of which,结构互换，词序是：“名词,+of which”,。题,1,可变为：,from the effects of which,问题,3,：,which,和,as,1,、,_ is often the case,we have worked out the production,plan.,（,04,江苏）,A.Which B.When C.What D.As,2,、,John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true.,（,01,北京春季）,A,he B,this C,which D,who,D,非限制性定语从句一般采用,which,或,as,来引导。使用这两个词时要注意三点：（,1,）,as,引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而,which,引导的从句只能放在主句之后。（,2,）从意义上讲，,which,指前面主句的内容；而,as,指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成,“就象,那样、正如所,的”,。（,3,）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起,消极,作用，则用,which,，,而不用,as,，,C,问题,4,：,who,和,that,The student I want to learn from is one,studies hard.,A,who B,that,C,which D,Whom,A,宜用,who,而不用,that,的情况先行词为,one,ones,（此处均指人）或,anyone,时先行词为,those,时一个句子带有两个定语从句，指人时一个用了,that,，另一个用,who,宜用,that,而不用,who,的情况先行词既有人又有物时，定语从句用,that,，不用,who,或,which,当主语是以,who,或,which,开头的问句时，定语从句用,that,，不用,who,，,whom,，,which,问题：,What surprised me was not what he said but,he said it.,（,04,湖北）,A,the way B,in the way that,C,in the way D,the way which,A,该句的意思是“使我感到惊奇的不是他说了些什么，而是他表达的方法。”句中“,what he said”,和“,the way he said it”,是并列结构作表语。假如,the way,在从句中作状语，其中的关系词有三种不同的表达方式。,1)the way+that;2)the way,后省略关系词,;3)the way+in which,。,根据句意可以排除,B,、,C,；,答案,D which,前缺少介词,in,，,所以答案为,A,。,问题注意,the same as/such as,的使用问题,当先行词被,the same,所修饰时，关系词既可以用,as,，,也可以用,that,。,在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用,as,，,表示同一事物多用,that,。,如：,This is,the same instrument,that I used yesterday,.,这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。,This is,the same instrument,as I used yesterday,.,这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。,在,抽象概念,上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：,I have,the same opinion,as/that you have,.,这里要注意的是：,(1),使用,as,时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用,that,时，定语从句中的动词不可省略。如：,Women received,the same pay,as men,.,Women received,the same pay,that men received,.,(2),在“,the samethat”,结构中，,that,只是用来加强语气，强调“相同”。,that,可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的,same,也可以省去。如：,This is,the same instrument,that I used yesterday,.,=This is,the same instrument,I used yesterday,.,=This is,the instrument,I used yesterday,.,但在“,the sameas”,结构中，,same,和,as,都不能省略。,另需注意：,This book is written in,such easy English,as beginners can understand,.,（,定语从句）,This book is written in,such,easy English,that beginners can understand it,.,（,结果状语从句）,二关系副词,why,在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于,“,介词,for+,关系代词（,which,）,”,。,where,在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于,“,介词,+,关系代词（,which,）,”,。,when,在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于,“,介词,+,关系代词（,which,）,”,。,使用关系副词应注意：,关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的,介词,+which,结构：,when=on(in,at,during)+which;,where=in(at,on)+which;,why=for which.,如：,I was in Beijing on,the day,when(=on which),he arrived.,The office,where(=in which),he works is on the third floor.,This is,the chief reason,why(=for which),we did it.,关系代词和关系副词的比较,问题,1,：,1,、,Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited,three months ago?,（,05,北京春季）,A.where B.when C.that D.what,2,、,There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped,her hands.,（,04,全国,II,）,A.,whereB,.,which C.when D.that,C,A,当先行词是表,时间,的,time,day,等和表地点的,plac