状语从句kejian

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,专题十二,状语从句,状语从句在句中相当于副词作状语,又叫副词性从句。在句子中可修饰谓语（或其他动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句通常由一个连词引导，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句是近几年高考试题中常见的一个重要考点。,状语从句的分类及常用连接词,种类,从属,连词,例句,说明,时,间,状,语,从,句,when,whenever,When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.,You can eat food free in my restaurant,whenever you like.,when,指“某一具体的时间”；,whenever,指“在任何一个不具体的时间”。,while,While John was reading, I was watching TV.,while,指“在,期间”，引导的动作必须是持续性的。,as,They talked as they walked along the river.,As time goes by, I like China better.,as,（一边,一边）表示持续性动作，强调主句和从句动作同时发生；随着。,bef,-ore,Before I could,get in a word, the tailor had measured me.,(,还没来得及就,),We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired,.(,还没,就,),We had sailed 4 days before we saw land,.( ,才,),Please write it down before you forget it.,(,趁还没,就,),before,引导从句时，词义非常灵活,。,Afte-r,He arrived after the game started.,时间状语从句,as soon as,hardly.when,no sooner.than,the moment,the instant,the second,immediately,directly,instantly,As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.,I had hardly got home when it began to rain.,=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.,The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.,Immediately he came I told him the news.,We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off.,=No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off.,这些结构都表示“一,就,”,。,时间状语从句,every/each time,next/last time,by the time,the first time,Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to my help.,I fell in love with her the first time I saw her.,这类名词短语相当于连词，引导时间状语从句。,地点状语从句,where,wherever,Where there is a will, there is a way.,You can go wherever you like these days.,where,与,wherever,意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。,原,因,状,语,从,句,because,I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.,because,用来回答,why,的问题，语气最强，,一般放在主句之后。,since,Since everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.,since,表示既然或已知的理由，也可表示稍加分析就可知的原因，,多放句首。,as,并列连词,for,As you didnt turn up at yesterdays get-together, we missed you very much.,It must have rained last night, for the ground is still wet.,as,引导的原因状语从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中；,for,连接的是并列句。,原因状语从句,now that,seeing that,in that,considering that,Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.,Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.,This book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history.,considering that, seeing (that), now that, in that,和,since,意义相似，都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思。,目的状语从句,so that,in order that,lest = for fear that,You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.,He wrote the name down for fear that (lest) he should forget it.,Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.,目的状语从句中常用情态动词放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号。,注意：,so that,和,in order that,与,so as to,和,in order to,的转换。,结,果,状,语,从,句,so that,so.that,We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.,The boy is so young that he cant go to school.,so that,前有逗号为结果状语从句；,so.that,的,so,后面紧跟形容词或副词。,such.that,He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.,such.that,的,such,后面跟名词，,如果名词是单数,就要用,such a /an.that,，还可以转换用,so.that,，语气较强。,条件状语从句,if,If not=,unless,as/so long as,in case,so/as far,as,We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.,=We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.,So long as you work hard, you will succeed.,In case I forget, please remind me about it.,So far as I know, the book will be published next month.,unless,和,if.not,同义，,unless,是书面语，,if.not,是口语，通常二者可以换用；,unless,从句的谓语只能用肯定式；,条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。,方式状语从句,as,as if/though,As water is to fish, so air is to man.,Do as you are told to.,He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.,此处,as,意为“按照或正如”；,as if,或,as though,的意义和用法基本一样；,从句中可以用现在时，表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。,让,步,状,语,从,句,though,although,Although its raining, they are still working in the field.,We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.,though,、,although,等引导的让步状语从句，不能和,but,连用，但可以与,yet,或,still,连用。,though/although,意义相同，用法基本相同。,让,步,状,语,从,句,even if,even though,Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.,even if,和,even though,意为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味。,as,Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.,as,引导的让步状语从句常放在句首，并用部分倒装；此时，可与,though,换用。,no matter,wh,-,No matter what happened, he would not mind,no matter,wh,-,与,wh,-+ever,引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样，,no matter,wh,-,引导的从句可以位于主句前或主句后。,wh,-ever,Whatever,happened, he would not mind.,判断,wh,-ever,引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的要点：,名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要由从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。,几种特殊句型结构的区别,用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。,The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months;,it will be a long time _ we meet them again,.,Did Jack come back early last night?,Yes.,It was not yet eight o,clock _ he arrived home.,It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.,It was some time _ we realized the truth.,before,when,since,before,解析：下列的,It,句型表示的含义各不相同：,(1)“It is/was+,时刻,+when,从句”表示“某事发生时是什么时候”。,(2)“It is/has been+,时间段,+since,从句”表示“自从,以来有多长时间了”。,(3)“It will/would be+,时间段,+before,从句”表示“还要过多长时间,才,”,。,(4)“It will/would,not,be+,时间段,+before,从句”表示“过不了多长时间,就会,”,。,(5)“It was+,时间段,+before,从句”表示“过了多长时间才,”,。,(6)“It was not+,时间段,+before,从句”表示“没过多长时间就,”,。,所以，第题考查的是句型：,It will/would be+,时间段,+before,从句。,第题考查的是句型：,It is/was+,时刻,+when,从句。,第题考查的是句型：,It is/has been+,时间段,+since,从句；,第考查的是句型：,It was+,时间段,+before,从句。,状语从句考点,典型陷阱题分析,1.,“May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum?” “No, you cant go out _ your work is being done.”,A. beforeB. until,C. asD. the moment,【,分析,】,最佳答案选,C,。句中的,your work is being done,表明“你正在做作业”，选,as,表原因。,2. “Im going to the post office.” “_ youre there, can you get me some stamps?”A. AsB. While C. BecauseD. If,【,分析,】,最佳答案选,B,。尽管,as,和,while,均可用作从属连词引导时间状语从句，表示“当,的时候”，但两者有一个重要区别，就是这样用的,as,从句的谓语不能是状态动词。当然，如果,as,不是表示“当,的时候”，其谓语是完全可以用状态动词的。如：,I went to bed early, as I was exhausted.,我很累了，所以很早就上床睡了。,(,此句中的,as,表示原因，意为“因为”、“由于”,),(1) _ you are at home alone, please dont leave the door open.,A. WhileB. As C. BeforeD. How,(2) _ you are alone with her, tell her that you like her.,A. WhileB. As C. AfterD. How,3. After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. A. thatB. when C. which D. where,【,分析,】,最佳答案选,D,。,where,在此引导地点状语从句，其意为“,(,在,),的地方”。,(1) The famous scientist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.,A. when B. whenever C. whereD. wherever,(2) She found her calculator _ she lost it.,A. where B. while C. in which D. that,(3) You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again.,A. when B. where C. then D. which,(4) When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.,A. at whichB. at where C. the place where D. where,(5) You should let your children play _ you can see them.,A. where B. when C. in which D. that,(6) Now he works in the factory _ his father used to work.,A. whereB. when C. in whichD. that,where,4. They kept trying _ they must have known it was hopeless.A. ifB. because C. whenD. where,【,分析,】,最佳答案选,C,。,when,在此的意思不是“当,的时候”，而是“尽管”、“虽然”的意思。又如：,He walks when he might take a taxi.,尽管他可以坐出租车，但他却走路。,He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time.,尽管他本来下次就可以成功的了，但他却停止努力了。,The boy was restless when he should have listened to the teacher carefully.,这男孩子本来应该专心听老师讲的，但他却坐立不安。,Why do you want a new job _ youve got such a good one already?A. thatB. where C. whichD. when,有许多同学只知道,when,表示“当,的时候”，而不知道它还有其他许多意思，除上面提到的表示“尽管”、“虽然”外，,when,还可表示“既然”、“考虑到”,5. He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder.A. asB. until C. whenD. while,【,分析,】,最佳答案选,C,。,when,意为“这时,(,突然,)”,，主要用于某一动作突然发生于另一动作正在进行或刚要发生之时。此时的,when,可以连用副词,suddenly,，也可以不连用它，但值得注意的是，同学们不能单独用,suddenly,来代替,when,(1) I was about to go out _ the telephone rang.,A. whenB. suddenly C. as soon asD. directly,(2) We were swimming in the lake _ the storm started.,A. whenB. suddenly C. untilD. before,(3) She was walking down the road _ she heard someone shouting for help.,A. whenB. suddenly C. untilD. before,when,6. The fire went on for quite some time _ it was brought under control.A. whenB. since C. afterD. before,【,分析,】,最佳答案选,D,。,before,意为“在,之前”，句意是“大火在得到控制之前燃烧了相当一段时间”,(,1) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.,A. untilB. when C. beforeD. as,(2) Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer the phone.,A. asB. since C. untilD. before,(3) She is getting better by degrees, but it will be some time _ she is completely well.,A. thatB. since C. whenD. before,(4) They sat down opposite each other, but it was some moments _ they spoke.,A. afterB. before C. sinceD. when,7. Mother asked me to take more money _ something unexpected should happen.A. in caseB. so that C. in order that D. when,【,分析,】,最佳答案选,A,。,in case,起连词作用，用以引导状语从句，主要有两种意思：一是表示条件，意为“如果”、“万一”；二是表示“目的”，意为“以防”、“免得”。,(1) _ I forget, please remind me about it.,A. In caseB. So that C. In order thatD. When,(2) Take your umbrella just _ it rains.,A. in case B. so that C. in order thatD. when,(3) Be quiet _ you should wake the baby.,A. in case B. so that C. in order thatD. when,(4) Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.,A. in case B. so that C. in order thatD. when,(5). Ill keep his address _ I need it.,A. so thatB. in order that C. in caseD. when,8. _ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. A. Having checkedB. Check C. If you checkD. To check,(1) _ more careful, the work might have been done better.,A. Being B. Having been C. If you had beenD. To have been,(2) _ your diet, it is easy to reduce.,A. WatchingB. To be watching C. If you watch D. To have watched,(3) _ a pair of compasses, it is easy to describe a circle.,A. HavingB. To have had C. If you haveD. if having,(4) _ for something, a receipt is given to you.,A. Paying B. Having paid C. When you have paidD. To be paying,(5) _ the sun rising slowly in the east, the scene is a perfect dream.,A. SeeingB. To be seeing C. When you see D. Having seen,9. “Shall Mary come and play computer games?” “No, _ she has finished her homework.”A. whenB. since C. unlessD. as soon as,【,分析,】,最佳答案选,C,。此句为省略句，答句句首的,No,表明其后省略的是一个否定句，全句补充完整为：,She cant play computer games unless she has finished her homework.,(,1) “Will he agree to come to join us in the work?” “No, _ we promise him more money.”,A. whenB. unless C. unlessD. as soon as,(2) “Can you finish the work in time?” “No, _ we dont sleep throughout the night.”,10. “When did he leave the classroom?” “He left _ you turned back to write on the blackboard.”A. the timeB. the moment C. untilD. since,【,分析,】,最佳答案选,B,。,the moment,用作连词，意为“一,就,”,，相当于,as soon as,。类似地，,the minute, the instant,也可用作连词，表示“一,就,”,的意思。,(1)“Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?” “Yes, I gave it to her _ I saw her.”,A. whileB. the moment C. suddenlyD. until,(2) The doorkeeper gave the alarm _ he saw the smoke.,A. whileB. the instant C. suddenlyD. before,(3) I raised the alarm _ I saw the smoke.,A. whileB. the minute C. suddenlyD. since,