6西格玛-流程设计

Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth Level,Click to edit Master title style,023-10 CrossFunctionalMap-,22,Effective Date: 4/1/2004,Copyright 2000-2003 Sigma Breakthrough Technologies, Inc. Used with permission.,Copyright 2004 Cummins, Inc. All Rights Reserved.,制作跨职能流程图,Cross Functional Process Mapping,(,为流程再造制作流程图,),(Process Mapping for Re-design),六西格玛过程设计,Six Sigma Process Design,制作再,设,设计流,程,程图的,目,目的,Re-DesignProcessMapping Objectives,了解流,程,程的基,本,本情况,和,和价值,链,链各环,节,节的相,关,关方,Givena projectcharterandunderstandingofprocess basicsandthe value chain stakeholders,介绍制作跨,职,职能流,程,程图,也称为“泳道图“,IntroduceCrossfunctional/Deployment Mapping, alsoknownasa,“,“SwimLane”,制作基,准,准图(跨职能,流,流程图,或,或泳道,图,图),CreateBaselineMap (Cross-functional/SwimLaneProcess Map),项目跟,踪,踪表,过程再,设,设计路,线,线图,Process Redesign Roadmap,价值链,翻译,试的过,程,程,过渡计,划,划,实施,收集客,户,户之声,/商业之,声,声,分析要,求,求,再设计,过,过程,解决办,法,法的,设计/开发,利益相,关,关方,选择表,利益相,关,关方面,谈,谈,Kano,制作精,益,益流程,图,图,Pugh概念产,生,生,Pugh概念选,择,择,讨论指,南,南,从图片,和,和声音,提,提炼要,求,求,要求KJ,图片KJ,抽样调,查,查,区分优,先,先次序,QFD,C&E,跨职能,流,流程图,经历利益相,关,关方,的世界,总结要,求,求并区分,优,优先次,序,序,产生和,选,选择概,念,念,试解决,办,办法,跨职能,流,流程图,Cross-Functional ProcessMap,价值链,ValueChain,流程图,步,步骤,Process Map,Process Steps,Manufacturer,Dealer,-Sales,-Finance,-CustomerService,Buyer,价值链,环,环节相,关,关方,Stakeholders,Process Step1,OfferFinancingOptions,Process Step2,Process Step3,Process Step4,制作跨,职,职能流,程,程图,CrossFunctional or DeploymentMapping,记载Documents,:,:,各个职,能,能,部门和,参,参与流,程,程环节,活,活动的,人,人之间,的,的关系,Inter-relationships among functions,departments, peoplewhoare involved in sequentialprocessdeployment activities,.,. (whodoesit)Also known as Swim lane,揭示Reveals:,障碍,返工渠,道,道,延迟,未用空,间,间,需要和,产,产生的,信,信息以,及,及弯路,Barriers,rework paths,delays, blank spaces,informationneeded andcreated,anddetours,步骤Steps:,选择范,围,围ChoseScope,明确过,程,程步骤IdentifyProcess Steps,确定顺,序,序DetermineSequence,确定关,系,系DetermineRelationships,画图Draw theMap,添加有,关,关时间,费用,质量,详细输,入,入和输,出,出的数,据,据,Adddataontime,cost,quality,detailedinputs,&,&outputs,准备,确认团,队,队,IdentifytheTeam,流程图,的,的输入,InputstoMapping,头脑风,暴,暴,Brainstorming,操作手,册,册,Operatormanuals,规范,Specifications,操作员,经,经验,Operatorexperience,六要素6Ms,人,机器,方法,测量,材料,环境,Man, Machine,(,(Equipment), Method,(,(Procedures), Measurement,Materials, MotherNature,(,(Environment),利益相,关,关方的,输,输入,Inputfrom Stakeholders,制作跨,职,职能流,程,程图的,步,步骤,CrossFunctional MappingSteps,开始于过程,的,的流程,图,图,Startwith FlowChartofprocess,识别过程所,涉,涉及的,功,功能部,门,门(价值链)并记录,在,在纸的,左,左侧,IdentifyFunctional groups,(,(ValueChain,),) thatprocesscrosses andrecordonleftside of page,画泳道线,把,把不同,的,的职能,部,部门分,开,开,Draw lines to representthelanesbetweenfunctional groups,从图的左,侧,侧开始,把流程,图,图的第,一,一步放,在,在合适,的,的泳道,里,里,Startonleft sideofmap,placefirststep fromflowchartinappropriatelane,继续把流程,的,的步骤,按,按以下,的,的规则,放,放在泳,道,道里,Continuetoplaceprocess steps accordingtofollowingguidelines,时间从左到,右,右上升,Time increasesfrom lefttorightacross map,同时发生的,步,步骤应,上,上下叠,在,在一起,Stepsthat occur simultaneously shouldbestacked on topofeach other,箭头总是左,进,进右出,Arrowsalways exitonrightand enter on leftsidesofprocesssymbols,互相连接的,但,但至少,相,相隔一,个,个泳道,的,的步骤,应,应用虚,线,线连接,Processesthatareconnected,butare morethanonelaneapartshouldbeconnected withdotted lines,增加流,程,程描述,细,细节,Increasing ProcessDescriptionDetail,流程图(也称方,块,块图),Flow Chart (akaBlockDiagram),显示过,程,程步骤,而不是,细,细节,Showsprocess steps,without worrying about details,是了解,过,过程步,骤,骤的有,用,用一步,Usefulasafirstpass to understandprocesssteps,跨职能,图,图(也称”泳道图”),CrossFunctional Map,(,(aka “Swim lane,”,”),把流程,图,图过程,步,步骤重,安,安排到,职,职能泳,道,道里,Rearranges flowchartprocessstepsinto lanes of functions,清楚地,显,显示连,接,接关系,Clearly shows hand,-,-offs,过程步,骤,骤从左,到,到右按,时,时间前,进,进,Process steps movelefttorightastime progresses,跨资源,图,图,CrossResourceMap,在职能,中,中更进,一,一步,显示实,际,际资源,和,和资源,之,之间的,连,连接关,系,系,Further drill downintofunctions, showingactual resource to resource handoffs,customer,No,Yes,No,Yes,Function 1,Function 2,Function 3,Function 4,Function 1,Function 2,Function 3,Function 4,Resource 1,Resource 2,制作流,程,程图,Process FlowCharting,这是什,么,么工具?,What is thetool?,过程的,图,图像描,述,述,Graphicalillustration of theprocess,工具要,描,描述的,是,是什么?,What willthe toolidentify,?,?,所有增,值,值和不,增,增值的,过,过程步,骤,骤,Allvalue,-,-addedand non-value-addedprocess steps,识别系,统,统设计,和,和再设,计,计的机,会,会,Identifyopportunities forSystemDesign/redesign,关键输,入,入,KeyProcessInputs,(,(xs),关键输,出,出,KeyProcessOutputs (Ys,),),数据采,集,集点,Data CollectionPoints,输入FMEA的第一,批,批输入,参,参数,FirstKeyprocessinputvariablestoput in FMEA,什么时,候,候制作,过,过程流,程,程图?,When do youapplyprocess mapping,?,?,一直Always,制作过,程,程流程,图,图的结,果,果是什,么,么?,What areresults of ProcessMapping?,看建议,的,的新的,设,设计或,再,再设计,是,是不是,比,比现有,系,系统好,Identifywhether proposed newsystemdesign/redesignisbetterthencurrent system,识别需,要,要测量,系,系统研,究,究的系,统,统,Identifysystems needingMeasurementStudies,识别需,要,要能力,性,性研究,的,的关键,输,输出,IdentifyKeyprocessoutputs forCapability Studies,识别控,制,制计划,中,中缺的,项,项,Identifymissing elements in theControl Plan,识别过,程,程中不,增,增值的,步,步骤,Identifypossiblenon,-,-value,-,-addedprocesssteps,customer,No,Yes,No,Yes,案例分,析,析:制作流,程,程图,Case Study:FlowCharting,Fulfill Order,跨职能,流,流程图(泳道图),CrossFunctional Map,(,(SwimLane),是一种,描,描述不,同,同职能,或,或部门,之,之间的,连,连接关,系,系,A mapthat conveysprocesshand offsbetweenfunctionsordepartments,把流程,图,图中的,步,步骤重,编,编排成,按,按职能,排,排的泳,道,道,Rearranges flowchartprocessstepsinto lanes of functions,行或列代,表,表职能,Rows or columnsrepresent functions,不同活动归,属,属不同,的,的职能,带,带,Activities fallinappropriate,“,“bands”offunctions,同时发生的,活,活动从,上,上到下,归,归组,Concurrent activitiesgrouped,“,“top to bottom”,有时也被称,为,为职能,图,图或泳,道,道图,Sometimescalled “Functional”or,“,“SwimLane”flowchart or map,Function 1,Function 2,Function 3,Function 4,过程步,骤,骤按时,间,间顺序,从,从左到,右,右,Process steps movelefttorightastime progresses,明确显,示,示部门,之,之间的,交,交接,Clearly shows hand,-,-offsbetween departments or groups,也称为,泳,泳道图,或,或职能,图,图,Also known as a,“,“SwimLane”orsometimes “Functional Map”,案例分,析,析:制作跨,职,职能流,程,程图,Case Study:CrossFunctionalMapping (cont.),Fulfill Order,跨资源,图,图,CrossResourceMap,是一种,描,描述系,统,统或组,织,织内资,源,源传递,的,的图,A mapthat conveysprocesshand offsbetweenindividual resourcesina systemororganization,行或列表,示,示各个,资,资源,Rows or columnsrepresent individualresources,各项活动,归,归属不,同,同的资,源,源带,Activities fallinappropriate,“,“bands”ofresources,同时发生的,活,活动从,上,上到下,归,归组,Concurrent activitiesgrouped,“,“top to bottom”,显示资源传,递,递,Showshandoffs,resources involved,Function 1,Function 2,Function 3,Function 4,Resource 1,Resource 2,过程步,骤,骤按时,间,间顺序,从,从左到,右,右,Process steps movelefttorightastime progresses,明确显,示,示资源,之,之间的,传,传递,Clearly shows hand,-,-offsbetween resources,经常同,时,时显示,职,职能和,资,资源,OftenshowsbothFunctionsandResources,只是低一级,的,的跨职,能,能图,Just acrossfunctionalmapatalowerlevel,制作跨资源,图,图的步,骤,骤,CrossResourceMapping Steps,始于流程,图,图或跨,职,职能图,Startwith FlowChartorCrossFunctionalMap,识别过程所,接,接触到,的,的资源,并,并把它,们,们记录,在,在纸的,左,左侧,Identifyindividual resourcesthat theprocess touchesand recordonleft sideofpage,画泳道线,把,把资源,分,分开,Draw lines to representthelanesbetweenresources,从图的左,侧,侧开始,把流程,图,图中的,第,第一步,放,放在合,适,适的泳,道,道里,Startonleft sideofmap,placefirststep fromflowchartinappropriatelane,继续把其余,的,的过程,步,步骤按,以,以下的,规,规则放,在,在泳道,里,里,Continuetoplaceprocess steps accordingtofollowingguidelines,时间从左到,右,右上升,Time increasesfrom lefttorightacross map,同时发生的,步,步骤应,上,上下叠,在,在一起,Stepsthat occur simultaneously shouldbestacked on topofeach other,箭头总是左,进,进右出,Arrowsalways exitonrightand enter on leftsidesofprocesssymbols,互相连接的,但,但至少,相,相隔一,个,个泳道,的,的步骤,应,应用虚,线,线连接,Processesthatareconnected,butare morethanonelaneapartshouldbeconnected withdotted lines,案例分,析,析:制作跨,资,资源图,Case Study:CrossResourceMapping,(,(cont.,),),Fulfill Order,跨资源,图,图,CrossFunctional /Deployment Map,CUST,S MGR,TECH,MECH,CASH,DATA BASE,SA,WRITESCOMPLAINT,NOTIFIESCUSTOMER,SCHEDANALYSISANDREPAIR,REVIEWS COMPLAINTANDSPECIFIES REPAIR,REPAIRS VEHICLE,COMPLETESINVOICE,ENTERSJOB IN WORKLOG,ARRIVES AT DEALER,WAITSINLOUNGE,PAYS CASHIER,D,D,VEHICLE DATA,D,D,Automobile RepairProcess,带时间,的,的跨职,能,能图,CrossFunctionalMapwithTime,Customer,Sales,Production,Control,PlantA,Warehouse,PlantB,Transport,Process,Order,Print,order,order,Move,WIP,Extrude,Product,Product,Receive,Product,Product,50days,Functions,Process Tasks,Non,-,-Value,-,-AddedTime,Time,DirectionofProcessFlow,Wait,Wait,Wait,Move,Wait,Move,WIP,WIP,WIP,WIP,W,IP,Order,Product,数据流-实体流,的,的泳道,图,图,Data Flow,PhysicalFlow SwimLaneChart,P,r,o,c,e,s,s,Initial Order,Entry,Trip Plan,Generation,Shipment,Mgmt,Output,/,/,Measure,EmptyCar,Fulfillment,Data,Flow,PhysicalFlow,- AccountManagement,PhysicalFlow,-Pricing,PhysicalFlow,-OrderManagement,PhysicalFlow,ShipmentManagement,PhysicalFlow,-Settlement,FLOW:,Current,Proposed,X,Event,Occasions,Time/Distance,DefineUnits,Cost,Totals,TotalFloorspace,_,_,_,_,_sq,ft,ValueAddedIndex:,(B/D)x 100%,1.53 %,DeliveryIndex:,(A/C)x 100%,1.53 %,Process:,_,_SamplePart_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,Business:,_,_Miscellaneous Machining_,_,_,_,_,过程流,程,程图,Flow ProcessChart,Charted By:,_,_HenriettaSmith_,_,_,_,_,Date:,_,_12/19/03_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,OperationorProcess Recordtime/unit,.,.,Delay(Re,-,-work,Changeover,Wait),Recordtype,averagedurationandfrequency.Tabulateperunitvalue.,Inspection Tabulate duration andfrequency,.,.Tabulateperunitvalue.,Transport Tabulate distance moved andquantitymoved.,Storage/Inventory Tabulate averageQuantityinstorageorqueue,(A),(B),(C),(D),ReceivingDock/,ShippingDock,1000 units,1000 units,0.5hours,4 hours,PPI,Staging,PPI,Inspection,2 hours,250units,48hours,600units,Dept.A,Staging,1 hour,250units,3 hours,100units,Machine 1,C/T,=,=0.5hours,10units,Machine 2,C/T,=,=0.5hours,10units,0.5hours,10units,4,1,3,1,2,C/O,1 hour,Cost/Hr.,=,= $80,”,=,= 25 ft.,1 hour,1 hour,56hours,2600 units,2 hours,250units,5 hours,$80,$80,$4480,$160,$400,$5200,4 hours,1000 units,65hours,DEPT A,PPI,练习:制作跨,职,职能过,程,程图,Exercise:Cross-FunctionalProcessMapping,目标:Goal:,理解基,准,准过程,是,是怎样,在,在不同,的,的职能,和,和资源,之,之间进,行,行的,Tounderstand howthebaselineprocessisdistributedacrossfunctions andresources,制作一,个,个在售,车,车商眼,里,里卖车,的,的过程,图,图,Mapout theprocess forthesellingprocess in acar dealershipfromthedealerspointofview,步骤Steps:,用你的,现,现有的,过,过程步,骤,骤和价,值,值链中,的,的职能,来,来制作,一,一个跨,职,职能过,程,程图,Usingyour as-is processstepsand thefunctionsfromvaluechain,create across,-,-functionalprocess map,按要求,把,把每一,个,个职能,分,分成资,源,源和系,统,统,Breakeach processfunctionintoresourcesorsystemsasrequired,找一个,组,组在30分钟后,汇,汇报,1 teamtoreport outin30minutes,跨职能,流,流程图,总,总结,CrossFunctional ProcessMappingSummary,演示了,制,制作职,能,能过程,在,在过程,再,再设计,线,线路图,中,中的作,用,用,DemonstratedFunctional/DeploymentProcess Mappingfitsinto theProcess Redesign Roadmap,提供制,作,作跨职,能,能流程,图,图的技,能,能(也称为“泳道图“或职能,图,图)的概述,ProvidedOverviewofCrossFunctional MappingProcess Mappingtechnique,also known as a,“,“SwimLane”orsometimes “Functional Map”,提供职,能,能流程,图,图范例,ProvidedexamplesofFunctionalProcess Maps,