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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第二部分 语法专题研究,专题十二 句子的种类,练讲重难点,命题点一 疑问句,命题点二,How,词组,命题点三 主谓一致,命题点四,There be,句型,命题点五 感叹句,命题点六 倒装句,命题点七 祈使句,分析近,5,年贵州真题可知，贵州中考对简单句主要在单项选择、完形填空、词汇运用（汉语提示和适当形式填空）和短文改错题型中进行考查。主要涉及疑问句、感叹句、主谓一致及,there be,句型、,How,词组、祈使句、倒装句。,句子的种类在贵州中考中每年都有涉及，预计,2016,年依旧会考查其中的一、两个考点，其中,What,感叹句和主谓一致仍会重点考查，其他如：倒装句、,there be,句型和,How,词组也会适当穿插着考查。学生必须在日常学习中对句子的种类进行分类复习、总结，提前备考。,1,.,There are some kids playing chess on the ground, _,?,A. arent they,B. are they,C. are there D. arent there,D,命题点一,疑问句,考点抢测,2.,Tony, _ are you in such a hurry?,The meeting will start soon. I dont want to be late.,A. where,B. how,C. when,D. why,D,练讲重难点,3.,She has a good knowledge of American culture. Is she from America?,_. She just reads many books about American culture.,A. Yes, she is B. No, she isnt,C. Yes, she has D. No, she hasnt,B,4.,Is this a Chinese book or an English book?,_,A. Yes, it is B. No, it isnt,C. An English book D. A music book,C,贵州中考对疑问句的考查主要以特殊疑问句的疑问词辨析和反意疑问句为主，偶尔少量涉及一般疑问句和选择疑问句。考生在复习中需重点掌握特殊疑问词的含义和具体用法,，,以及反意疑问句的用法,，,清楚一般疑问句的句式结构。具体分类及用法详见下表：,满分点拨,分类,概念,形式,例句,一般,疑问,句,(5,年,2,次,),用,yes,，,no,来回答的疑问句,Be,主语其他？,Is she from England,？她来自英国？,Yes, she is.,是的，她是。,情态动词主语动词原形其他？,May I have a look at your new book,？我可以看你的新书吗？,助动词主语动词原形,/,过去分词其他？,Did she like to dance when she was young,？她小时候喜欢跳舞吗？,分类,概念,形式,例句,特殊,疑问,句,(5,年,7,次,),以疑问词开头的疑问句,who,询问身份,Who is the girl over there,？那边的女孩是谁？,which,询问特定的人或物,Which color is your favorite color,？你最喜欢的颜色是哪种？,what,询问职业或身份,Whats her job,？她的工作是什么？,when,询问时间,When did you go to Shanghai last month,？你上个月什么时候去的上海？,分类,概念,形式,例句,特殊,疑问,句,(5,年,7,次,),以疑问词开头的疑问句,where,询问地点、位置,Where do you want to go this summer,？这个夏天你想去哪儿？,why,询问原因,Why are you late for the meeting,？开会的时候你为什么迟到了？,how,询问方式,How do you get to school every day,？你每天怎样去学校的？,分类,概念,形式,例句,选择疑问,句,(5,年,1,次,),提出两种或两种以上不同情况以供对方选择的,A or B,？,Which one do you prefer, size A or size B,？你更喜欢哪一个，,A,号还是,B,号？,分类,概念,形式,例句,反意疑问句,附加在陈述句后的简单问句，又称附加问句。,肯定陈述句否定附加问句,Lucy often goes to school on foot, doesnt she?,露西常常步行去上学，对吗？,否定陈述句肯定附加问句,You havent finished your work, have you?,你还没有完成工作，是不是？,肯定,(,否定,),祈使句,will you,？,Be sure to come on time, will you?,保证按时来，好吗？,反意疑问句应注意以下几点：,(1),陈述部分含有,few, little, hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none,等表示否定意义的词时，其反意疑问句要用肯定结构。如：,He is never late for work, is he?,他上班从不迟到,，,是吗？,(2),陈述部分是,there be,句型时,，,反意疑问句中依然用,there,。如：,There is a park near here, isnt there,？这儿有个,公,园,，,不是吗？,(3),陈述部分含,I think/ believe/ suppose that.,结构时,，,其反意疑问句须与从句的主谓语保持一致,，,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。如：,I dont think you are wrong, are you,？我认为你没有错,，,不是吗？,(4),当have/has不是表示“有”的意思，并在句中作谓语时，其反意疑问句的助动词要用do/ does/ did。如：They had a party last night, didn,t they？他们昨晚举行了晚会，不是吗？,(5 )let,引导的祈使句有两种情况：,lets,开头的句子后的反意疑问句要用,“,shall we,?”,。如：,Lets go home, shall we,？回家吧,，,好吗？,let us/me.,开头的句子后的反意疑问句要用,“,will/wont you,？,”,。如：,Let me have a look, will/ wont you,？让我看一看,，,行吗？,(6),当,must,表示对过去的情况进行推测时，如果强调对过去情况的推测,（,一般句中有过去的时间状语,）,，反意疑问句部分要用,didnt,主语；如果强调动作的完成,（,一般没有过去时间状语,）,，反意疑问句用,havent/ hasnt,主语。当,must,表示对现在的情况进行推测时，反意疑问句部分要根据,must,后面的动词采用相应的形,式。如：,He must be good at English, isnt he?,他英语一定学得很好，是吗？,反意疑问句的回答,对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的问法如何,，,如果事实是肯定的,，,就用,yes,，,事实是否定的,，,就要用,no,。要特别注意否定陈述句肯定附加问句时,，,反意疑问部分肯定式提问时,，,回答,yes,或,no,与汉语正好相反；这种省略回答的,yes,要译成,“,不,”,，,no,要译成,“,是,”,。,1.,_ have you been in the sports club?,Since the first month I came to the school.,A. How old B. How long,C. How much D. How soon,B,命题点二,How,词组,（,2015,年,1,次；,2014,年,6,次；,2013,年,2,次；,2012,年,3,次；,2011,年,3,次）,考点抢测,3.,Linda, do you know _ it is from the library to the bookstore?,About ten minutes walk.,A. how often,B. how many,C. how long,D. how far,D,2.,_ can you finish this English examination?,In about one and a half hours.,A. How far B. How often,C. How soon D. How long,C,How,词组是贵州中考的常考点，主要在单项选择中考查，选项设置为几个,How,词组的辨析。,How,词组一般以对话形式进行考查,，,考生在解答此类试题时,，,首先可分析答句中的关键词：若出现数量词,，,则判断可能考,How many,或,How much;,若是表示价钱的词,，,则考,How much,；,出现频度副词或表频度的短语,，,如,twice a week, never, hardly,等,，,则考,How often,；,满分点拨,若答句用,“,for,一段时间,”,或,“,since,过去时间点,”,，,则考,How long,；,若答句表示距离,，,则考,How far,；,若答句用,“,in,一段时间,”,，,则考,How soon,；,若回答年龄,，,则考,How old,。考生在复习时应掌握,How,词组的具体用法。,How,词组辨析,1. Not only my friends but also I _ interested in football and,Messi,is our favorite star.,A. be B. am C. is D. are,B,命题点三,主谓一致,（,2015,年,4,次；,2014,年,3,次；,2013,年,6,次；,2012,年,1,次；,2011,年,9,次）,考点抢测,2. Tom as well as his parents_ going to London for traveling next month.,A. were,B. are,C. is,C,3. About three fourths of the earth _ covered with water, but we have less and less available fresh water.,A. was B. is C. are D. were,B,满分点拨,贵州中考对主谓一致考查相对较多，主要考查主语与谓语动词的一致性以及一些固定词引导的句子中的主谓一致原则,，,如,with, as well as, both.and., either.or.,等,，,考生需要尤其注意。具体用法讲解如下：,语法一致原则,主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式时,，,谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式时,，,谓语动词也采用复数形式。,(1),当,and,或,both.and.,连接名词作主语时,，,谓语动词用复数形式。如：,Both Lucy and Lily are students.,露西和莉莉都是学生。,(2),不定代词,either, neither, each one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing,等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：,Is there anything wrong with your bike,？你的自行车有什么毛病吗？,(3),由,each, each.and each., every.and every.,作主语时,，,谓语动词用单数形式。如：,Each boy and each girl was given a new book.,每一个男孩和每一个女孩都得到了一本新书。,(4),主语后接有,with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, including, besides, like, except, but,等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由这些词前的主语的单复数形式决定。如：,Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.,格林先生将和他的,妻子,及两个女儿一块儿来北京。,(5),“,a number of,名词复数,”,作主语时,，,谓语动词用复数形式,；,“,the number of,名词复数,”,作主语时,，,谓语动词用单数形式。如：,The number of students in our class is 32.,我们班学生人数为,32,。,(6),“,a lot of (lots of, plenty of, a pile of, most of),名词,”,和,“,分数或百分数,of,名词,”,等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,，,如果是不可数名词,，,则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数,，,则谓语动词用复数形式。如：,Lots of people have been there.,很多人去过那儿。,(7)to do,或,doing,形式作主语时,，,谓语动词用单数形式。如：,Reading is learning.,读书就是学习。,意义一致原则,意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。,(1),表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词、词组作主语时,，,一般被看作一个整体,，,谓语动词常用单数形式。如：,Three years is a long time.,三年是一段很长的时间。,(2),集体名词,（,如,family, team, crowd, company, class, group, government.,）,如果表示整体概念,，,则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员,，,则谓语动词用复数形式。如：,His family is going to move.,他家要搬走了。,(3),people, police, cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The police are helping a girl look for her mother.,警察们正在帮助一个女孩找,她的,妈妈。,(4),算式中表示加法和乘法时,，,谓语动词可用单数形式,，,也可用复数形式,，,但减法和除法必须用单数形式。如：,What is/are three times three,？,3,乘以,3,是多少？,就近原则,有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，而是与靠近它的名词一致，这种原则叫作邻近原则，又叫就近原则。,(1),由,either . or., neither . nor., not only . But (also),.,.,或,or,连接两个并列主语时,，,谓语动词与离它较近的主语在数上保持一致。 如：,Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.,不但我父母而且我都盼望看到我叔叔。,(2) There be.,和,Here be.,这两个句式中的,be,动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如：,There is a table with three legs in Toms room.,在汤姆的房间有一张三条腿的桌子。,what,从句作主语,what,从句作主语,，,如果表示的是单数意义,，,则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义,，,则谓语动词用复数形式。如：,What he wanted to know was why they didnt tell him.,他想要知道的是他们为什么不告诉他。,“,the,姓氏名词复数,”,作主语,“,the,姓氏名词复数,”,表示,“,一家,”,或,“,夫妇,”,，,当它在句中作主语时,，,谓语动词应用复数形式。如：,The Blacks enjoy working in China.,布莱克夫妇喜欢在中国工作。,1.There _ many trees in front of my house now.,A. is B. are C. has D. have,B,命题点四,There be,句型,（,2015,年,5,次；,2014,年,5,次；,2013,年,3,次；,2012,年,3,次；,2011,年,2,次）,考点抢测,2.,Why are you in such a hurry, Dave?,There _ an NBA game in ten minutes.,A. will have B. is going to have,C. will be D. are going to be,C,3. _ many birds in the forest because the environment has been destroyed.,A. There isnt B. It isnt,C. There arent D. There is,C,满分点拨,贵州中考对,there be,句型的考查主要和主谓一致及时态相结合。对于主谓一致可结合上面讲解学习,，,对于时态部分可结合,专题十动词的时态,复习。,“,there,be,sb,. /,sth,., 地点,”,表示,“,某处有某人或某物,”,。,be,动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个以上的并列主语时,，,be,一般和邻近主语的数和人称保持一致。如：,There is a book and two pencils on the desk.,书桌上有一本书和两支铅笔。,“,there,be,sb,. /,sth,., 地点,”,的否定形式是在,be,动词后面加,not, not any, no,。如：,There is no water in the bottle.,瓶子里面没有水。,若变为一般疑问句则需要把,be,提前到首句。如：,Is there any water in the bottle?,瓶子里有水吗？,注意,there be,结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如：,There used to be several houses behind the two buildings.,过去这两幢楼后面有几所房子。,1 .,_ colorful flowers they are!,Yes. They were planted to make our city more beautiful.,A. What,B. What a,C. How,D. How a,A,命题点五,感叹句,考点抢测,2.,_ brave Zhang,Hua,is!,Yes. He helped his,neighbour, Mrs. Sun, out of the fire.,A. What a B. How C. How a D. What,B,感叹句是贵州中考的常考点，主要考查感叹句的结构。考生在解答此类试题时,，,首先观察语境：,空格后是,“,形容词,/,副词句子,”,形式或是,“,形容词,a/an,可数名词单数句子,”,形式,，,则填,How,；,空格后是,“,形容词名词,(,句子,),”,形式,，,则考虑填,What,相关的,，,若该名词为可数名词单数,，,则填,What a/an,，,若该名词为不可数名词或名词复数,，,则填,What,。因此在复习中考生需重点掌握,what,和,how,引导的感叹句的基本结构。,满分点拨,构成及用法：,感叹句的引导词,结构,例句,如何判定,what,(5,年,16,次,),What,a/an,形容词可数名词单数主语谓语！,What a beautiful present it is,！多么漂亮的一件礼物啊！,有,a, an,开头的，多用,what,修饰；形容词加名词多用,what,修饰,What,形容词可数名词复数,/,不可数名词主语谓语！,What interesting books they are!,很有趣的书啊！,感叹句的引导词,结构,例句,如何判定,how,(5,年,16,次,),How,形容词,/,副词主语谓语！,How fine the,weather is!,天气真好！,有,a, an,开头的，多用,what,修饰；形容词加名词多用,what,修饰,How,形容词,a/an,单数名词！,How beautiful a present!,很漂亮的一份礼物！,1.,Im not going swimming tomorrow afternoon.,_. I have to clean up my bedroom.,A. So am I B. Neither am I,C. Neither I am D. So I am,B,命题点六,倒装句,（,2015,年,3,次；,2014,年,5,次；,2013,年,4,次；,2012,年,4,次；,2011,年,1,次）,考点抢测,贵州中考对于倒装句的考查主要集中在对,so,（,肯定,）,和,neither,（,否定,）,引导的倒装句的考查，同时涉及助动词的选择。学生在做此类试题时还是应掌握其最基本用法以便正确应用。,满分点拨,2.,Did you go to Toms birthday party last night?,Yes, I did. _,A. Tim went so B. So did Tim,C. So Tim did D. Tim did so,B,so,引导的倒装句,(1),完全倒装：,so,助动词,/,系动词,/,情态动词主语。该倒装句的意思是,“,某某也一样,”,，,上下句中是不同的两个人或物,，,但发生同样的行为或状况,，,表示肯定的倒装。,如,：,Li,Hua,failed in this English exam, so did I,李华英语考试不及格,，,我也没及格。,(2),不完全倒装：,so,主语助动词,/,系动词,/,情态动词。意为,“,确实是,”,。上下句中是相同的人或物,，,表示对前面所说的事实加以肯定。如：,Lucy dances very well.,露西舞跳得很好。,So she does.,的确如此。,neither/nor,助动词,/,系动词,/,情态动词主语。该句式的意思是,“,某某也不怎么样,”,，上下句中是不同的两个人或物,，,他们的行为或状况一样,，,表示否定的倒装。如：,He wasnt late for school, neither/nor was I.,他上学没迟到,，,我也没有。,注意,(1),和,(2),两种句式结构中的助动词,/,系动词,/,情态动词在形式上与前面的谓语动词保持一致，但由它们的主语决定单复数形式。,以,here, there, out, in, down, up, away, now, then,等副词放在句子开头构成倒装句，用以引起注意和加强语气。一般有两种形式：,(1),副词动词名词,（,完全倒装,）,(2),副词代词动词,（,部分倒装,）,。其中谓语动词的形式要视后面的主语而定。如：,Here comes the school bus.,校车来了。,1. _ up your sister, please. Its time for her to go to school.,A. Wake B. Waking C. To wake D. Waked,A,命题点七,祈使句,（,2014,年,1,次；,2013,年,3,次；,2012,年,1,次）,考点抢测,2. _ late. Its your first day to go to the new school.,A. Not B. Dont be C. Dont D. No,B,3.Tree,planting Day is coming. _ grow some trees over there.,A. Would you like to B. Why dont you,C. How about D. Lets,D,满分点拨,贵州中考对祈使句的考查较少。其考查点主要有表示命令的肯定句和表示禁止的否定句，多与非谓语动词和动词的各种时态同时考查。做此类试题时,，,学生应先分析句意,，,了解句子想表达的意思,，,并熟记常见句型结构。,祈使句句式,肯定形式,否定形式,(Please),动词原形其他,Please listen to me carefully,!,请认真听我讲！,Please dont read in the sun.,不要在太阳下看书。,Put away your things.,把你的东西收起来。,Dont open the window.,不要打开窗子。,Let,宾语动词原形其他,Lets have another try.,让我们再试试。,Dont let him go there alone.,不要让他独自去那儿。,No,名词,/,动名词,/,No photos,!,禁止照相！,No parking,!,禁止停车！,(1),应答祈使句时要用将来时。如：,Please remember to take the dog out to go for a walk every day.,请记住每天带着小狗出去散步。,Yes, I will.,好的，我会的。,(2),掌握,“,祈使句,and/or,结果状语,”,结构。如：,Work harder, and youll get good grades.,努力吧，你会取得好成绩的。,
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