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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,虚 拟 语 气,概念：谓语,v,用,不同的形式,表示说话人的,不同意图,，这种,形式,称为语气。语气分三种：,1.,陈述语气,：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。,He is late for class.What fun!,He is not interested in classical music.,2.,祈使语气,：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等（动词常用原形）,Dont be late,！,3.,虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。,一、虚拟语气在 if非真实条件句中,虚拟条件,从句,(If),主 句,与,现在,事实相反的假设,与,过去,事实相反的假设,与,将来,事实相反的假设,主语,+did/were,主语,+,should/would/,could/might,+do,主语,+,had done,主语,+,should/would/could/might,+,have done,主语,+,1.did,2.,should,do,3.,were,to do,主语,+,should/would/,could/might,+do,If you had studied hard before,you would have passed the exam.,1.,如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。,2.,如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。,3.,如果你以前好好学习，,你会通过考试的。,If I were you,I would accept his advice.,If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow,I would stay at home.,You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.,drove;didnt get,drove;wouldnt get,were driving;wouldnt get,had driven;wouldnt have got,_ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.,Were B.Should,C.Would D.Will,注意：,1.错综时间虚拟语气,当,从句主句,所表示的行为所发生的,时间不一致,时，,动词的形式,要根据它所表示的时间作出,相应的调整。,If you,_,(follow),my advice just now,you,_,(be),better now.,If you,_,(study),hard before,you,_,(be),a college student now.,had followed,would be,had studied,would be,If you _ with George earlier,you _ so angry now.,talked;would not be,had talked;would not be,would talk;would not be,had talked;would not have been,If we had,taken such effective measures,much earlier,the river _ so seriously now.,is not polluted,would not be polluted,had not been polluted,would not have been polluted,2.if从句中，,were，had,（完成时态标志），,should,可以放在句首，（用于倒装结构），,if必须省略。否定词,not不能,放在,前面。,1.,Had,I not seen,him then,(Hadnt I seen him then),I,wouldnt have been very happy.,2.If I were you,I would accept his advice.,3.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow,I would stay at home.,4.If you had studied hard before,you would have passed the exam.,Had you studied hard before,Were I you,Should it rained tomorrow/Were it to rain tomorrow,3、含蓄虚拟语气,有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。,常用的有,介词,with，without，but for,（倘没有，要不是）；,连词,or，but；,副词,otherwise,等。,1.,I was ill that day.,Otherwise,I,would have taken part in,the sports meeting.,=If I hadnt been ill that day,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.,2.,He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or,I,would have known,nothing about it.,3.,I,should have given,you more help,but,I was too busy.,4.,What would you do,with,a million dollars?,5.,Without,/But for,your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.,=If it had not been for your help,Without electricity,human being life _ quite different today.,is,will be,would have been,would be,But for his help,I _.,should not have succeeded,have not succeeded,did not succeed,had not succeeded,He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he _ a goal.,had scored,scored,would score,would have scored,Why didnt you buy it?,I _ but I didnt have the money.,A.would,B.would have,C.had had,D.had bought,二、虚拟语气的其他用法,1,.,as if/as though（好像）+从句,与现在相反,did/were,与过去相反 had done,与将来相反 would,/could/might+,do,He,looks,as if he,were,an artist.,He,talked,about the accident as if he,had seen,it.,(区分even if/though),注意：若表示的确有某种可能,(尤指天气）,，也可不用虚拟语气。,Eg.,Look!The clouds are gathering.It looks as if its going to rain,.,When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.,A.breaks,B.has broken,C.were broken,D.had been broken,2,.,It is(high/about)time(that),sb,did/,sb,should（,不可省略,）+do,该是某人做某事的时候了。,It is high time that you,got up,/,should,get up.,Im getting tired;its time we _ home.,A.go B.are going,C.went D.should be going,3.,wish/if only,(要是,就好了）,+从句,与现在事实相反,did/were,与过去事实相反,had done,（或用,could have done,）,与将来事实相反,could/would/might+do,I wish(that),he,_,_(visit)us tomorrow,.,I wish(that),he,_,_(visit)us today,.,I,wish,he_(visit)us,yesterday.,had visited us/could have visited us,would/could/might visit,visited,If only you _,（listen),to our advice!,If only I _,(be),a bird!,had listened,were,4.在,would rather,+宾语从句中,与现在或将来事实相反,did/were,与过去事实相反,had done,即：,would rather sb did/had done,I would rather you _,(come),here tomorrow.,I would rather you _,(not tell),me the truth.,came,h,adnt told,5.用于表示,建议,（,advise/suggest/propose,/recommend）,命令,(order/command),要求,(demand/require/request/desire),坚持要求,(insist),等词相连的从句中需用虚拟语气：,sb,（,should,）,+do,1.,I suggested that he(should)go there at once.,(,宾语从句,),2.My advice is that we(should)tell him the news.,3.,I made a suggestion that he-(,同位语从句,),4.,It is suggested that he-(,主语从句,),5.,My suggestion was that he-(,表语从句,),区别：,This is the suggestion that/which he,made,at the meeting.(,定语从句,),The officer gave the order that nothing _ until the people arrived.,A.didnt touch,B.touched,C.be touched,D.touch,注意：,suggest:,表明，暗示,陈述语气,建议,虚拟语气,Her pale face suggested that she _,（be),ill and that she _,(send),to hospital immediately.,Insist,：,坚持说，坚持认为,陈述语气,坚持主张，坚持要求,虚拟语气,He insisted that he _,_(not steal),the money and insisted that he _,(set)
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