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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter 2,Power supply and distribution system,2.1 Introduction,2.2 Typical system inside the building,2.3 system diagram reading,2.4 monitoring system,2.5 Examples,Hydropower,plant,Thermal power,plant,Nuclear power,plant,Larger user,Larger user,Substation,Power line,Transmission,and,distribution,User,User,分配,distributing,产生,Generating,传输,transmitting,2.1 Introduction,Others,Power supply system,110kV,220kV,500kV,2.1 Introduction,2.1 Introduction,110kV 50-150km,220kV 200-400km,500kV 500km,35kV,10kV,380V,500kV,2.1 Introduction,2.1 Introduction,Automation in Power Distribution,How does Power reach us?,Bottlenecks in Power Reliability,The Technology Development Mission,Communication and Networking,Remote Terminal Unit,Remotely Operable Switch,(ASIC),Application Specific Integrated Circuit,DA software,Distribution Network,Simulator,10kV,0.4kV,110kV,10kV,10kV,110kV,Power station,Transformer,Distribution,substations,User,2.1 Introduction,2.2 Typical system inside the building,(a),One main+one spare single bus,Main Electrical Connection,10kV Bus,S1,S2,Main,Spare,主供,备用,（,a),Two inputs Single bus bar,Save(area and finance),Service interruption or blackout(bus failure),Building with low reliability requirement or low load,Main Electrical Connection,（,b),Two inputs Sectionalizing bus with tie switch,Additional bus tie cabinet and voltage transformer cabinet,High reliability,Building with high reliability requirement or high load,(b)Two inputs single bus with tie switch,10kV Bus,S1,S2,Main,Spare,主,备,10kV Bus,S1,S2,Power1,Power2,Tie switch,2.2 Typical system inside the building,(a),One main+one spare,Two 10kV independent power inputs,、,self-supplied generator,Sectionalizing,Single bus bar on low side,。,10kV bus,S1,S2,Power1,Power2,400V bus,10kV/400V,transformer,Self-provided,generator,emergency,Bus,10kV bus,(c)Two inputs with generator,2.2 Typical system inside the building,Generator operation diagram,3S,10S,5min,10min,Mains,市电,generator,generator,Main,switch,disappear,restore,Self-start,stop,Main,switch,shut,down,自备发电机组要选择有自启动装置的机组，市电停电后延时,3s,后开始启动，启动时间约,10s,，发电机主开关合闸供电，当市电恢复后，机组延时约,5,分钟（带载运行），再空载冷却运行约,10,分钟后自动停车。,2.2 Typical system inside the building,两路市电与自备电源,Fire lift,Fire protection,Emergency lighting,Hall lighting,generator,Main I,Main II,Emergency,bus,UPS,computer,Important,load,interlock,G,一级负荷单独分组方案，将消防用电等一级负荷单独分出，并集中一段母线供电，备用发电机组仅对此段母线提供备用电源。,2.2 Typical system inside the building,正常情况，消防设备等用电设备为两路市电同时供电，应急母线电源由其中一路市电供给。当两路市电失去一路，可以通过两路市电中间的联络开关合闸恢复大部分供电，当两路市电全部失去时，自动启动机组,ATS,开关转换，应急母线由机组供电，保证消防设备等重要负荷的供电。,Fire lift,Fire protection,Emergency lighting,Hall lighting,generator,Main I,Main II,Emergency,bus,UPS,computer,Important,load,Inter,G,2.2 Typical system inside the building,对大厅照明等稍为重要的负荷，由于配电开关上装有失压脱扣器，在市电故障时已全部分闸，然后可根据机组负荷情况手动合闸。例如此时无火灾可全部合闸，如一旦发生火灾，则根据消防发出的指令自动跳闸。,方案适用于电网稳定、大楼重要负荷较多的工程。,Fire lift,Fire protection,Emergency lighting,Hall lighting,generator,Main I,Main II,Emergency,bus,UPS,computer,Important,load,interlock,G,2.2 Typical system inside the building,ATS(Automatic transfer switching equipment),自动转换开关电器,ATS:,safely switching from utility power to emergency,generator power,主要用在紧急供电系统,ATS:,switching from a primary source to a secondary,将负载从一个电源自动换接至另一个（备用）电源,ATS:,常常应用在重要用电场所，其产品可靠性尤为重要。,2.2 Typical system inside the building,main supply,380V/220V bus bar,Transformer,10kV/400V,380V/220V spare,difficult to get two inputs,，,400V power supply nearby,main input 10kV,，,400V spare,small building,low power consumption.,(d)Two inputs(main and spare),2.2 Typical system inside the building,进线柜,计量柜,保护柜,互感器柜,变压器柜,变压器柜,其他变电所,电容器柜,保护柜,进线柜,metering,cabinet,power incoming,cabinet,other,stations,Protection,cabinet,Voltage,transformer,cabinet,transformer,cabinet,capacitor,cabinet,Protection,cabinet,power incoming,cabinet,进线柜,计量柜,保护柜,互感器柜,变压器柜,变压器柜,其他变电所,电容器柜,保护柜,进线柜,metering,cabinet,power incoming,cabinet,other,stations,Protection,cabinet,Voltage,transformer,cabinet,transformer,cabinet,capacitor,cabinet,Protection,cabinet,power incoming,cabinet,1,两路,10KV,进线 一路由市网供给，电缆引入，（装有专用计量柜和进线开关）,2,另一电源为备用电源，架空引入，由本企业引入。无计量柜,有进线保护柜。,进线柜,计量柜,保护柜,互感器柜,变压器柜,变压器柜,其他变电所,电容器柜,保护柜,进线柜,metering,cabinet,power incoming,cabinet,other,stations,Protection,cabinet,Voltage,transformer,cabinet,transformer,cabinet,capacitor,cabinet,Protection,cabinet,power incoming,cabinet,3 Incoming line protection cabinet:,进线保护柜，当变配电系统或母线出现短路和过载时断路器自动跳闸。,circuit breaker operate automatically,进线柜,计量柜,保护柜,互感器柜,变压器柜,变压器柜,其他变电所,电容器柜,保护柜,进线柜,metering,cabinet,power incoming,cabinet,other,stations,Protection,cabinet,Voltage,transformer,cabinet,transformer,cabinet,capacitor,cabinet,Protection,cabinet,power incoming,cabinet,4 Voltage transformer cabinet:metering and protection,进线柜,计量柜,保护柜,互感器柜,变压器柜,变压器柜,其他变电所,电容器柜,保护柜,进线柜,metering,cabinet,power incoming,cabinet,other,stations,Protection,cabinet,Voltage,transformer,cabinet,transformer,cabinet,capacitor,cabinet,Protection,cabinet,power incoming,cabinet,5 Power transformer:,两台,10
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