口译中的记忆技巧

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,口译中的记忆技巧,General procedures:,Memory in interpretation,II.Memory training,III.Interpreting the meaning of the utterance,IV.Improving active listening(提高积极,记忆),V.Memory exercise:,I.Memory in interpretation,Normal spoken delivery:120220 words/min,The more“meaningful the information,the shorter it takes for it to be committed to memory and the easier it is to remember.,the interpreter concentrates on both meaning and the words used,Grasping of the meaning:active memory,Words:a faint impression in his memory,A good example:the moviegoer,The reason the moviegoer remembers the film is because he has understood it.,Understanding the meaning is crucial in the memory in consecutive interpreting.,口译记忆的根本原理：,记忆的根本原理及口译记忆的特点：,同声传译：“超短期记忆，即记即译。,交传：译员需要有超强的记忆力。,通过后天的科学、系统的训练来大大提高。,记忆中的两个重要环节：存储(storage)和提取(retrieval)。,我们的目标：提高存储的条理性，把握提取的线索。,2.记忆的分类：,瞬时记忆(instant memory),也称感觉记忆(sensor memory):持续时间很短。,短时记忆(short-term memory),也称工作记忆(working memory),持续时间在20-30秒，记忆容量为7+-2个互不关联的信息单位，且始终处于活泼状态，不需要被激活。,长时记忆(long-term memory),也称永久记忆(permanent memory),可以长达数日、数月乃至数年，记忆容量几乎是无限的，但需要被激活。,口译：短时记忆。,“记词还是“记意？,译员运用的主要是意义记忆的方式：,在听辩理解的过程中注意分析并整合发言人语词所表达,的意义，并把它作为记忆存储和提取的对象。,3.口译记忆的运作方式,1)听辩理解过程中的“有意识的筛选-缩小记忆的量,去粗取精，留存有意义的信息。,2)对记忆的信息进展“条块化处理-扩大记忆的容量,言语的记忆主要采取以“命题为单位的意义储存的方式。,“以命题为单位的意义模块可以包括一句话、一个语段、乃至一个语篇的意思。,3)理解记忆及意义记忆口译“工作记忆的核心,译员一定要注意对源语意义的分析、整合，并有意识地分析讲话者的思路，以便建立起记忆中各个意义模块之间的联系。,4)强化口译记忆练习提高信息的提取速度,记忆中信息检索和提取的速度和可能性取决于记忆的激活程度，而激活程度又取决于记忆使用的频率和使用的新近程度。,记忆训练的必要性：,“口译指的是用一种语言译入语把另外一种语言源语所表达的思想内容，以与源语发言人几乎同步的速度或连续传译的形式准确表达的一种口头翻译方式。(Mahmoodzadeh:1992:231),Daniel Gile：,交传包括两个阶段：,听取和理解信息阶段以及信息重组阶段,第一阶段：,听取和理解信息阶段,I=L+M+N,I=口译,L=听取并分析源语信息,M=从听到信息到以笔记形式存储信息所需要的短期记忆,N=笔记,第二阶段：,信息重组阶段,I=Rem+Read+P,在这一阶段，译员从短期记忆中提取并解构源语信息(Rem)，读取笔记(Read)，然后重新产出译语信息(P)。,口译记忆的技巧：,1.口译记忆的原那么,口译过程中经选择后的记忆对象主要包括：主题词、关键词、逻辑联系，这三者综合起来就构成了源语语篇的意义框架。,为提高记忆存储的效率，有必要对记忆的信息进展“条块化处理。,口译记忆可以借助口译笔记的辅助，从而提高记忆的准确性。,2.口译记忆的常用方法：,记忆的根本手段：声觉记忆、视觉记忆、意义记忆。,成像法：visualization，即把源语语篇的意义框架想象成一副图像，或把源语语篇所表达的情景复原成思维中的视觉影像。,较易掌握的方法：,有的语篇是以时间顺序为线索的，如发言人回忆历史、讲述经历时，往往有一个开头、开展、结尾的顺序；,有的语篇是以空间次序为线索的，如发言人介绍景点、说明构造时，往往遵循由上而下、由里而外的空间次序；spatial barometers,有的语篇是以分类为线索的，由总到分，由大类到小类。categorization,有的语篇是以比照，比较为线索的，先说相似之处，再说不同之处；comparison,有的语篇是以逻辑论证为线索的，要么先说观点，再细说理据1、2、3点，要么先陈述原因，再得出结论。argument,发言人每个语段的开头结尾都应成为记忆的重点。,1)开头往往包含了整个语段的主题，结尾往往是呈现结论、总结的局部,2)只有记好了开头和结尾，译员才能清楚地把握好本节口译是从哪里开场说起，说到哪里为止。,II.Memory training(1)Encoding,storage and retrieval,Psychologists tell us that memory involves encoding,storage and retrieval of information.,Forgetting may mean the material was never encoded;it may mean the information was not stored;or it may reflect retrieval difficulties.,II.Memory training:(2)Categorization,generalization and comparison,People believe memory can be fortified by consciously resorting to tactics(retrieval cues)such as,categorization(grouping items of the same properties,origins,first letters,etc.);,generalization(working out some headings to embrace the supportive details);,comparison(noticing the differences as well as similarities between different things,facts,or events);,noticing the time-markers or spatial barometers which often indicate the sequence of an event;,description of a scene,or the shape and size of a substance.,Three ways of training memory,1.Shadow-speaking,2.Retelling in the original language,3.Retelling in the target language,Retelling exercises:,Direction:Listen to the following passages,then retell in your own words in the same language the information you have just heard.,Exercise 1:,金福实业从一个打火机五金塑料作坊起步，开展成为现在相当规模的实业公司。这个过程确实来之不易，是经过了十年艰辛努力，不断开拓，广聚人才和开展原始积累而成。,我们近几年新开展的塑料包装瓶盖，拥有世界最先进的注塑系统及成型模具。我们先进的技术、舒适干净的工作环境、科学的管理方法、勇于开拓进取和至诚待客的精神，受到所有客户的一致好评。,在这里我代表公司全体员工向曾经给予过和即将给予我们关心和支持的人们表示深深的诚挚的谢意！我们将秉承一贯以诚待人的经营作风，戒骄戒躁，在愈演愈烈的经济大潮中与您携手共进。同时，欢送您择日莅临指导工作，谢谢！,Analysis:,主要概念为：,-小五金公司经过十年创业开展成为金福实业,-新开发的瓶盖技术先进,-在技术、工作环境、管理方法、创新客户效劳方面受好评,-代表员工表示感谢,-坚持诚信、戒骄戒躁、共同进步,-欢送光临,Exercise 2:,When a guys printer type began to grow faint,he called a local repair shop where a friendly clerk informed him that the printer probably needed only to be cleaned.Because the store charged$50 for such cleanings,he told him he might be better off reading the printers manual and trying the job himself.,Pleasantly surprised by his candor,the guy asked,“Does your boss know that you discourage business?,“Actually,its my bosss idea,the employee replied sheepishly.“We usually make more money on repairs if we let people try to fix things themselves first.,Analysis:,主要概念为：,-printer has some problem,-repair shop clerk asked him to clean it himself to save$50,-surprised and asked,-astonished by the answer,-the shop makes more money by working on the printer damaged by innocent users,IV.Improving active listening(提高积极,记忆),Key factors of interpretation:,Gaining information,comprehension and memorizing.,The reasons for forgetting the content which was just heard:1.Not enough concentration.,2