Unit 8 Focus on Global Warming综合教程二

,Unit 8,Unit 8,Fresh Start,Unit 1,Unit 1,Fresh Start,Unit 8,Unit 8, 書式設定,第,2,第,3,第,4,第,5,第,6,第,7,第,8,第,9,*,*, 書式設定,Unit 7,Unit 7, 書式設定,第,2,第,3,第,4,第,5,第,6,第,7,第,8,第,9,*,*, 書式設定,Unit1,Unit 8 Focus on Global Warming,Pre-reading Activities -,Audiovisual supplement 1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,Watch the video and answer the following questions.,1. Where is the place in the video?,2. Is it possible that our planet will be like this in the future? Why?,The earth. But not the same earth where we are living now. In the video, there are rubbish and dust everywhere. And the city may have been abandoned, because there is nobody on the street but a robot.,Its quite possible. Human beings have caused too many troubles to the Earth: air and water pollution, energy crisis, global warming, etc.,Pre-reading Activities -,Audiovisual supplement 2,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,Video Script1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,Singing:,Close your eyes and see it listen, Barnaby. Listen, Barnaby! Put on your Sunday clothes. Theres lots of world out there. Get out the brilliantine and dime cigars. Were gonna find adventure in the evening air. Girls in white in a perfumed night where the lights are bright as the stars. Put on your Sunday clothes. Were gonna ride through town in one of those new horsedrawn open cars. Well see the shows at Delmonicos. And well close the town in a whirl. And we wont come home until weve kissed a girl .,Cultural information,1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earths near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation. Most of the observed temperature increase since the middle of the 20th century was caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, which results from human activity such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation.,Global warming,Cultural information,2,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,An increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, probably including expansion of subtropical deserts. Warming is expected to be the strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects include changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, species extinctions, and changes in agricultural yields.,Global Reading -,Text analysis,Structural analysis,Text analysis,1. From which perspectives does the text address the issue of global warming?,The text addresses the issue from three perspectives the general public concern, its causes and consequences, and practical actions to tackle the problem.,Text analysis,Structural analysis,2. Whats the authors purpose of writing?,To raise peoples consciousness of the potential dangers of global warming, and to suggest some actions to combat it.,Global Reading -,Text analysis,Structural analysis 1,Paragraphs,M,ain idea,1-2,3-7,8-11,The author tells the reason why people are now increasingly concerned about global warming.,The author traces the causes of global warming and discusses the consequences of it.,The author puts forward some suggestions on what is to be done.,1. Divide the text into parts by completing the table.,Text analysis,Structural analysis,Structural analysis 3,2. Figure out the sub-ideas in the second part.,1) the causes of the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (Paragraphs 3 and 4),2) the effect of such concentration on climate change (Paragraphs 5 and 6),3) the potential threat of global warming to human health and survival (Paragraph 7),Main idea,Structural analysis,1 Twenty-five years ago if you made a trip to the local library and,perused,the,periodical,section for articles on global warming, youd probably have,come up with,only a few abstracts from hardcore science journals or maybe a blurb in some esoteric geopolitical magazine.,As an Internet search on global warming now,attests, the subject has become as rooted in our public,consciousness,as Madonna or microwave cooking.,Focus on Global Warming,Detailed reading1,Detailed reading,John Weier,2 Perhaps all this attention is,deserved,.,With the possible exception of,another world war, giant asteroid, or an incurable plague, global warming may be the single largest,threat,to our planet.,For decades human factories and cars have,spewed,billions of tons of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, and the climate has begun to show some signs of warming.,Many see this as a,harbinger,of what is to come.,If we dont,curb,our greenhouse gas,emissions, then low-lying nations could be awash in seawater, rain and drought patterns across the world could change, hurricanes could become more frequent, and,El Ninos,could become more intense.,Detailed reading2,Detailed reading,Detailed reading3,3 What has worried many people now is that over the past 250 years humans have been artificially raising the,concentration,of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Our factories, power plants, and cars burn coal and gasoline and spit out a seemingly endless stream of carbon dioxide. We produce millions of pounds of methane by allowing our trash to,decompose,in landfills and by,breeding,large herds of methane-belching cattle. Nitrogen-based fertilizers, which we use on nearly all our crops,release,unnatural amounts of nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere.,Detailed reading,Our Warming Planet,4 Once these carbon-based greenhouse gases get into the atmosphere, they stay there for decades or longer. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) since the industrial revolution, carbon dioxide levels have increased 31 percent and methane levels have increased 151 percent. Paleoclimate readings taken from fossil records show that these gases, two of the most,abundant,greenhouse gases, are at their highest levels in the past 420,000 years. Many scientists fear that the increased concentrations of greenhouse gases have prevented additional thermal radiation from leaving the Earth.,In essence, these gases are trapping,excess,heat in the Earths atmosphere in much the same way that a windshield traps solar energy that enters a car.,Detailed reading4,Detailed reading,5,Much of the available climate data appear to back these fears.,Temperature data gathered from many different sources all across the globe show that the surface temperature of the Earth, which includes the lower atmosphere and the surface of the ocean, has risen dramatically over several decades. Worldwide measurements of sea level show a rise of 0.1 to 0.2 meters over the last century. Thats an increase of roughly 1 every 4,000 years. Readings gathered from glaciers reveal a steady,recession,of the worlds continental glaciers. Taken together, all of these data suggest that over the last century the planet has experienced the largest increase in surface temperature in 1,000 years.,Detailed reading5,Detailed reading,Detailed reading6,Detailed reading,6,Not surprisingly, many scientists,speculate,that such changes in the climate will probably result in hotter days and fewer cool days.,According to the IPCC, land surface areas will increase in temperature over the summer months much more than the ocean. The mid-latitude to high-latitude regions in the Northern Hemisphere areas such as the Continental United States, Canada, and Siberia will likely warm the most. These regions could exceed mean global warming by as much as 40 percent.,Detailed reading7,7,As far as human health is concerned, those hit hardest will probably be residents of poorer countries that do not have the funds to,fend,against changes in climate.,A slight increase in heat and rain in equatorial regions would likely spark an increase in vector-borne diseases such as malaria. More intense rains and hurricanes could cause more severe flooding and more deaths in coastal regions and along riverbeds. Even a,moderate,rise in sea level could threaten the coastlines of low-lying islands such as the Maldives. All across the globe, hotter summers could lead to more cases of heatstroke and deaths among those who are,vulnerable, such as older people with heart problems.,Detailed reading,The warmer temperatures may also lead to higher levels of near-surface ozone from cars and factories, which would likely cause more,perilous,air quality days and hospital admissions for those with respiratory problems.,Detailed reading8,Detailed reading,Taking Actions,8,Fortunately, we can,take actions to,slow down global warming.,Global warming results primarily from human activities that release heat-trapping gases and particles into the air. The most important causes include the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, gas, and oil, and deforestation. To reduce the emission of heat-trapping gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides,we can curb our,consumption,of fossil fuels, use technologies that reduce the amount of emissions wherever possible, and protect the forests in the world.,9,We can also do things to,mitigate,the impacts of global warming and,adapt to,those most likely to occur, e.g., through careful planning and other strategies that reduce our vulnerability to global warming.,10 But we cant stop there. We are also,advocating,policies that will,combat,global warming over the long term, things like clean cars that run on,alternative,fuels, environmentally responsible renewable energy technologies, and stopping the clear-cutting of valuable forests.,Detailed reading9,Detailed reading,Detailed reading10,11 Clearly, global warming is a huge problem. It will take everyone governments, industry, communities and individuals working together to make a real difference. Fortunately you can be part of them.,Detailed reading,Why have people shown increasing concern about global warming?,Detailed reading1-,Quesion,1.1,The answer lies in the second paragraph: it is a harbinger of what is to come the threat to low-lying nations, change of rain and drought patterns, frequent hurricanes and intense El Ninos.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading1-,Quesion,1.3,Detailed reading,How does the rising concentration of greenhouse gases cause the change in climate?,The rising concentration of greenhouse gases, which is primarily caused by high levels of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere, is trapping excess heat (from the sun) and preventing it from leaving the Earth, hence creating global warming.,Detailed reading1-,Quesion,2.1,Detailed reading,Climate Changes,Health Damages,slight increase in heat and rain,moderate rise in sea level,more intense rain and hurricanes,an increase in vector diseases such as malaria,threat to the coastlines of low-lying islands,severe flooding and more deaths,hotter summers and warmer temperatures across the globe,more cases of heat stroke and deaths; more hospital admissions for those with respiratory problems,Complete the following table with possible health damages caused by climate changes.,What are the immediate actions that we should take?,Detailed reading1-,Quesion,3,We should take such immediate actions as a) cutting our consumption of fossil fuels, b) using technologies to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, and c) protecting our forests.,Detailed reading,1. What does “adapt to those most likely to occur” mean?,Detailed reading1-,Quesion,5,It means “do things to get ourselves prepared for the situations that are most likely to occur.”,Detailed reading,2. What are the long-term policies that should be worked out?,We should encourage people to use environmentally clean fuels and technologies, and stop the clear-cutting of forests.,peruse,vt.,to read through something, especially in order to find the part you are interested in,Detailed reading1,peruse,e.g.,He opened a newspaper and began to peruse the personal ads.,Derivation:,perusal,n.,Detailed reading,e.g.,a brief perusal,He sent a copy of the report to the governors for their perusal.,periodical,n.,a publication that appears at fixed intervals, esp. one of a serious kind,Detailed reading1,periodical,e.g.,She has written for several legal periodicals.,Detailed reading,Derivation:,period,n.,periodic,a.,occurring or appearing at (esp. regular) intervals,定期的，周期的,periodically,ad.,Detailed reading1,come up with,Detailed reading,come up with,to think of an idea, plan, reply, etc.,e.g.,No one has come up with a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs died out.,The scientists are beating their brains trying to come up with a solution to the problem.,Detailed reading1,attest,Detailed reading,attest,vt. / vi.,to demonstrate, to declare to be true,e.g.,The luxurious furnishings attested to the familys wealth.,The perfection of their design is attested by the fact that they have survived for thousands of years.,Collocation:,attest (to) sth.,Derivation:,attestation,n.,Detailed reading1-,consciousness,1,consciousness,n.,1) the condition of being awake and understanding what is happening,e.g.,When will the patient regain his consciousness?,The blow caused him to lose consciousness.,Detailed reading,2) all the ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc. of a person or people,e.g.,Love for freedom runs deep in the national consciousness.,This experience helped to change her social consciousness.,Detailed reading1,consciousness 2,Detailed reading,Collocation:,consciousness of sth. / that ,awareness of sth. / that ,regain / recover consciousness,恢复意识，恢复知觉,lose consciousness,失去意识，失去知觉,e.g.,Her consciousness that shes different makes her feel uneasy.,Antonym:,unconsciousness,Detailed reading1,consciousness 3,Detailed reading,Comparison:,subconscious,a.,潜意识的,conscience,n.,良心,conscientious,a.,（指人或行为）认真的，尽责的,The poet lay down and gazed at the bright moon, missing his hometown.,Detailed reading1,consciousness 4,e.g.,Detailed reading,Exercise: Fill in each blank with a proper word from the box.,conscious subconscious conscience conscientious,1. Our mind registers things which our,mind is not aware of.,2. My brother is a student.,3. My would really trouble me if I wore a fur coat.,subconscious,_,conscious,_,conscientious,_,conscience,_,The money is only given to the most deserving cases to the people who need it most.,His efforts are certainly deserving of praise.,Detailed reading1,deserve,Detailed reading,deserve,vt.,to be worthy of,e.g.,Im glad she got the first prize at the English Speech Contest she thoroughly deserved it.,I said some cruel things to him, but he deserved it for the way he treated me.,Derivation:,deserving,a.,e.g.,Detailed reading1,threat,Detailed reading,She left the country under threat of arrest if she returned.,threat,n.,a strong possibility that something very bad will happen,e.g.,With so many new offices being built in the city, a lot of archaeological remains are under threat.,Drunken drivers pose a serious threat to other road users.,Collocation:,be under threat of sth.,e.g.,Derivation:,threaten,v.,threatening,a.,Detailed reading1-,with the exception of,with the exception of,except, not including,e.g.,I think every student, with the exception of Helen, will pass the exam.,With the exception of gold, the surfaces of metals are never observed but only their oxides.,Detailed reading,Collocation:,without exception,have no exception,exception to sth.,make an exception,Detailed reading1,spew,Detailed reading,spew,vt,.,to pour out, esp. quickly and violently,e.g.,One engine of the plane caught fire and spewed black smoke.,He spewed forth what he had recently learned about the true facts.,Collocation:,spew sth. up,to vomit,Detailed reading1,harbinger,Detailed reading,harbinger,n.,something that indicates or foreshadows what is to come,e.g.,The crowing of the rooster is a harbinger of dawn.,Frost is a harbinger of winter.,Collocation:,harbinger of sb. / sth.,Detailed reading1,curb,Detailed reading,curb,vt.,to stop something that is harmful,e.g.,This government has made pioneering strides towards curbing air pollution.,The only way to curb the spread of the disease is by immunizing the entire population.,emission,n,.,the act of sending forth; discharge,Detailed reading1,emission,e.g.,The Green Party have called for a substantial reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases by the UK.,Detailed reading,The alarm emits infra-red rays which are used to detect any intruder.,The machine emits a high-pitched sound when you press the button.,Derivation:,emit,v.,e.g.,Detailed reading1 Activity,Detailed reading,Discussion,What kind of periodical do you usually peruse? Why do you like that periodical? What thoughts do you come up with after reading that periodical? Share your favorite periodical with your group members and try to use the following words and expressions when discussing.,peruse come up with periodical consciousness attest deserve with the exception of,threat spew harbinger curb emission,Detailed reading1,As Internet search on global,Detailed reading,而今因特网上搜索的结果足以证明，全球气候变暖这个话题就像麦当娜和微波炉烹饪一样深入人心。,As an Internet search on global warming now attests, the subject has become as rooted in our public consciousness as Madonna or microwave cooking.,Paraphrase:,An Internet search on global warming proves that the subject has got fixed in peoples mind, just like Madonna or microwave cooking.,Translation:,Detailed reading1,With the possible exception of,Detailed reading,除了可能再一次发生的世界大战，一颗巨大的行星撞击地球或是一场无法医治的瘟疫侵袭之外，全球变暖差不多是我们星球面临的最大威胁。,With the possible exception of another world war, a giant asteroid, or an incurable plague, global warming may be the single largest threat to our planet.,Translation:,Detailed reading1,Many see this as a harbinger,Detailed reading,很多人都将此视为一种不祥的征兆。,Many see this as a harbinger of what is to come.,Translation:,Detailed reading1,El Nino,Detailed reading,El Nino,Explanation:,El Nino is an irregularly occurring and complex series of climatic changes affecting the equatorial Pacific region and beyond every few years, characterized by the appearance of unusually warm, nutrient-poor water off northern Peru and Ecuador, typically in late December.,Detailed reading1,concentration,Detailed reading,concentration,n.,1) the relative amount of a particular substance contained within a solution or mixture or in a particular volume of space,e.g.,The pesticide has reached a dangerous concentration in the lake water.,Collocation:,concentration on / of sth.,2) (power) of concentrating (on sth.),e.g.,I find that yoga improves my powers of concentration.,Detailed reading1,decompose,Detailed reading,decompose,v.,1) (cause to) decay,e.g.,The meat began to decompose after some time in the sun.,Derivation:,decomposition,n.,2) to separate into components or basic elements,e.g.,Microbes decompose organic waste into a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide.,Synonym:,decay, rot, break down,Antonym:,compose,Detailed reading1,breed 1,Detailed reading,breed,vi.,(of animals) produce young,e.g.,The blackbird, like most birds, breeds in the spring.,vt.,1) to keep animals for the purpose of producing young animals in a controlled way,e.g.,His main income comes from breeding cattle.,2) to cause something to happen, usually something bad,e.g.,Unemployment breeds social unrest.,Detailed reading1,breed 2,Detailed reading,Collocation:,born and bred:,born, brought up a