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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Welcome!,Grammar,Unit 8,动词ing形式的用法,构 成,由动词原形加-ing构成,时态和语态的变化,功能,动词的-ing形式及其短语可以在句中作主语，宾语，表语统称动名词，定语，补足语和状语统称现在分词。,否认式,由not加动名词组成,谓语动词用单数,Learning is difficult but interesting.,Waving ones hand is to say “Hi or “Goodbye.,Learning how to apologize is important in international communication.,Walking is good for health.,Seeing is believing.,Reading aloud is very important in learning English.,做主语,【注】,在下面构造中，可用it作形式主语，把真正的主语即动名词放在句末。,Its no good,talking about it. 谈也无用。,Its no good,helping him. He doesnt help himself.,Its no use,arguing with Tom. He is stubborn.,Its no use,crying over spilt milk.,It is no gooduse + 动词ing 干没有用,作宾语,一、作直接宾语,eg. Gesture is a way to express,meaning,and,feeling,without words.,Tak,e,nodding,the head for example.,只可接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词：,avoid防止；appreciate欣赏；admit成认；,consider 考虑；delay拖延，推迟；dislike；,enjoy；escape, 逃避；excuse 原谅，宽恕；,finish、complete完成 forgive 原谅 imagine想象；,keep保持 ；mind介意；prevent阻止 miss错过，想念；,practice练习；suggest, advise建议；risk 冒险。,eg. I have to delay answering the letter.,All of us enjoy playing football.,Excuse my coming late.,Can you imagine him becoming famous as an actor,Would you mind my smoking here,Do you mind giving me a glass of water,Of course, I cant prevent your coming.,We should practice reading English every day.,He suggested going for a walk.,I advise waiting till the proper time.,I miss living in the country.,I dont want to miss seeing that play on TV tonight.,后接动词的-ing形式作宾语的短语动词：,feel like, 喜欢，想要.; give up, 放弃；put off, 推迟；be fond of,喜欢；,be interested in, 感兴趣；,look forward to, 期望；,cant help, 禁不住; spend in, 花费；devoteto, 奉献；contribute to,有助于； refer to, 指的是；lead to,通向；,Prefer doing A to doing B,宁愿A不愿B; insist on,坚持； object to, 反对。,eg. We,are fond of swimming,.,I dont,feel like going,to work today.,Im,looking forward to getting,another job.,I,prefer walking to riding,.,I dont think his words,contribute to solving,the hard problem.,二、作介词宾语,1. One cannot use English well,by knowing,only the words and grammar.,2. Whenever you come across new words,in your reading, look them up in the dictionary.,3. Nothing can be learned,without giving,time and effort to it.,4. We,are tired of having,the same kind of food every day.,5. He earns his living,by teaching,.,6.,Instead of going,to Zhongshan Park, they went to the Zoo.,to do sty.,doing sth.,forget,remember,regret,mean,go on,stop,try,忘记,去做,某事,忘记,已经做过,某事,记住,去做,某事,记住,曾做过,某事,遗憾,去做,某事,懊悔做过某事,打算/想做某事,意味着做某事,做完某事接着去做另一件事,继续做同一件事,停下来去做另一件事,停顿做一件事,努力去做某事,试着做某事,stop,stop to do 停下来去做另一件事两件事 stop doing 停顿正在做的事一件,eg. We are too tired, we stop _.,A. have a rest B. to have a rest,C. having a rest D. had a rest,Seeing the teacher come in, all students stop_.,A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked,try,eg. The young woman tries _her husband not to go out.,A. persuade B. persuading C. to persuade D. persuaded,He tries doing the job by himself.,forget, remember,forget to do忘记去做还没有做,forget doing忘记做过已做,remember to do记得去做还没有做,remember doing 记得做过已做,eg. Dont forget_ the windows when you leave the house.,A. close B. to close C. closed D. closing,I remember _ the old man some day, but I forgot about his name.,A. see B. to see C. seeing D. seen,regret,eg. I,regret to inform,you: you are arrested.,The old man,regrets beating,his grandson.,go on,eg. The little girl has a rest and,goes on,_.,A. study B. studying C. to study D. studied,Although it is dark, Mary,goes on,_.,A. study B. studying C. to study D. studied,mean,eg. I dont,mean,_ him to take part in my party, but my words,mean,_.,A. to invite; to invite B. to invite; inviting,C. inviting; to invite D. inviting; inviting,作表语,His favorite sport is skating.,What she likes best is singing pop songs.,The story is very moving.,The news is surprising.,Her job was looking after the pigs.,His hobbies is collecting stamps.,【注】动名词作表语时，不可与进展时态相混淆。试比较：,She was washing clothes.现在进展时,Her job was washing clothes.动名词,tips,动名词：笼统、泛指的意思；抽象或经常性的动作。,动词不定式：具体或特定的动作.,eg. The students like playing football. 这些学生喜欢踢足球。经常性的爱好,Would you like to play football this afternoon. 你今天下午愿意踢球吗？指一次的动作,作定语,动词的-ing形式,以,单词形式,作定语时,，,放在所修饰的名词,之前,eg. a,reading,room阅览室,writing,paper信纸,a,walking,stick 拐杖,building,materials建筑材料,a,sleeping,boy睡着的男孩 a,flying,kite飞着的风筝,This reminds me of Italy, when it was still a,developing,country.,My father works in a,printing,shop,.,Our school built a,swimming,pool,last summer.,Our teacher uses a very good,teaching,method,.,以,短语形式,作定语时,，,置于所修饰的名词,之后,。,The woman,coming to dinner this evening,is a friend of my mothers.,-ing分词作定语可以表示,(1) 所修饰名词的用途。如：,a waiting room(=a room for waiting) 候车室,a walking stick(=a stick for walking) 手杖,a sleeping car (= a car for sleeping) 卧车,2所修饰词的性质特征。如：,exciting news 令人冲动的消息,a moving story 一个令人感动的故事,所修饰名词正在进展的动作，可以换成定语,从句形式。如：,a sleeping child (=a child who is sleeping)正睡觉的孩子,a walking man (= a man who is walking)正散步的男人,the man,standing at the gate=,the man,who is standing at the gate,作宾语补足语,在see, hear, feel, watch, notice， listen to, observe等感官动词以及find, look at, smell, get, leave, have等后可以用-ing 形式做宾语补足语，表示宾语进展的动作，具有“主动和“进展的含义。,eg. Sometime in the night Bill woke and found Joe sitting up in bed, crying.,His son felt unhappy when he saw his classmates wearing brand clothes.,It is quite rude to talk with a person in your native language and leave your American friends standing there.,作状语,1.时间，原因，方式，条件，伴随，结果状语等；,2.表“主动和“进展的含义，其动作与句子的谓语时同时的；,3.假设本身没有自己的逻辑主语，那么其动作的逻辑主语应是句子的主语。,1. Doing a lot of listening in English, you can increase your vocabulary.方式,2. Try to tell your classmates a story using those phrases you have learned.方式,3. He wandered the streets, trying to find a way to make some money.结果,如果动词的-ing形式表示的动作出现在句子的谓语之前，那么用动词-ing形式的完成式“having + 动词的过去分词。,eg. Having finished their work, they had a rest.,引导状语从句的关联词 if, when, how, where等等， 可以直接用于动词的-ing形式之前。,eg.,If being,able to speak another language, one will be qualified for many jobs today.,When (,you are,) crossing the road,you must look carefully.,(1)-ing分词在句中可以作伴随状语，常放于句后，表示主语正在进展的另一个动作，来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作主要陪衬。如：,They sat in front of the building, laughing and chatting.,He worked late yesterday, preparing for the lecture.,(2)-ing分词可以作时间状语，常放在句首，如：,(When) Walking in the street, I caught sight of a tailors shop.,(After )Finishing my work, I went out.,Having told us a funny story, the teacher went on,to explain the text to us.,(3)-ing分词可以作,原因状语,，常放句首。,如：,Being,ill, he cant go to school.,Not knowing,her address, we couldnt get in touch with her.,Having lived,in the city for many years, he kn,e,w,it very well.,(4)-ing分词可以作,条件状语,，常放句首。,Turning to the right, youll find the post office there.,(5)-ing分词可以作,结果状语,，常放句末。,He turned off the light,seeing nothing,.,
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