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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,?创业方案大赛?,如何写作创业方案书的财务局部,主讲人,卿固,1,由团中央、教育部、中国科协、全国学联联合主办的“挑战杯创业方案大赛已成功在清华大学、上海交通大学、浙江大学、厦门大学、山东大学举办五届,我校选送的工程大连正奇科技责任的时尚数码三维立体工程获得第五届全国银奖。为迎接第六届“挑战杯创业方案大赛,受教务处委托,对创业方案书财务局部的写作给同学们作一介绍,以期同学们在参赛中能够取得好成绩。,2,写作财务局部一般要求:,在创业方案书财务局部应该将如下信息呈现给风险投资家:,营业收入和费用、现金流量、盈利能力和持久性、固定与变动本钱;前两年财务月报,后三年财务年报。所有的数据应基于经营状况和未来开展的正确估计,并能正确反映公司的财务绩效。,下面以我校迟乃玉老师已申请国家中小企业创新基金为例介绍其写作方法。,3,一、,资金来源与运用,一资金来源,1.股本结构与规模,公司成立时注册资本为220万元,其中:大连大学投资88万,占40%。风险投资132万,占60%。第二年以未分配利润转增资本60万。,4,股本来源,股本规模,大连大学,风险投资,技术入股,货币资金入股,设备入股,金额,22,万,44,万,22,万,132,万,比例,10%,20%,10%,60%,5,注意:,1注册资本一般设计在100万-500之间。,2风险投资所占比例一般设计为占注册资本50%- 70%。,2出资要符合相关法律的规定。,如货币资金不得低于30%;注册资本不得低于开办公司的最低资本要求;不得以人力资源出资等。,4注册资本不包含银行借款。,6,一、资金来源与运用,2.银行借款,根据经济业务开展需求决定,可有可无。,(二资金的运用,公司经过融资后,资金主要用于购建固定资产,购置生产所需的材料、支付工资、制造费用、销售与管理费用等。,在设计资金来源与运用上应注意:,1产品数量应与资金数量相匹配;,2产品数量应与固定资产数量相匹配;,3产品数量应与工人数量相匹配等。,7,二、主要财务假设,在投资决策写作中,为便于确定各项财务指标的具体内容,简化计算过程,作以下假设:,1工程期初投资为投资年度年初一次投入;,2收入在年末取得,本钱、费用、税金等均在年末发生;,3产品经研究开发已成熟,具备技术上可行性,可以批量生产投放市场;,4与工程分析有关的本钱,价格等指标均为确定值;,5以五年为限对工程进行评价;,6在确定工程的现金流量时,只考虑全部投资的运动情况,而不区分自己资金和借入资金等具体形式的现金流量。所有资金都视为自有资金看待;,(7) 在盈亏平衡分析中,将销售费用和管理费用都看作固定本钱。,8,三、投资分析运用财务管理投资决策分析方法,(1)投资工程现金流量的估计,投资现金流量表 单位:万元,初期,第一年,第二年,第三年,第四年,第五年,原始投入,220,净利润,-149.3,184.05,365.44,576.16,659.15,加:折旧,12,18,18,18,18,净现金流量,-220,-137.3,202.05,384.44,594.16,677.15,注,:,表中相关数据来源于利润表与制造费用预算表。,9,2工程评价,A,:投资净现值,10,根据上海证券交易所资料,类似企业生物制药类高新技术企业2004年平均股权报酬率为12%。在此以12%作为贴现率对表中现金流量贴现得,NPV=1457万,NPV远大于零,工程可行。,11,B,:内含报酬率,由投资现金流量表,计算内含报酬率:,12,得到IRR=100%,内含报酬率到达100%,远高于工程资本本钱12%,投资方案可以接受。,一般来说,设计内含报酬率在50%-100%之间较为可行。,13,C,:获利指数,PI=NPV/C,计算得到,PI=6.62,获利指数大于,1,,投资方案可行。,14,D,:投资回收期 投资回收期表,年份,投资现金流量,年末累积现金流量,年末未回收的投资余额,1,-137.3,-137.3,357.3,2,202.05,67. 75,292.55,3,384.44,452.19,4,594.16,5,677.15,15,投资回收期,=3,年,而同行业投资回收期平均水平一般为,5,年,低于同行业平均水平,值得投资。,上表数据根据投资现金流量表取得,16,E,:投资综合评价,通过以上各项指标分析,工程满足以下条件:,净现值NPV0,内含报酬率IRR资本本钱12%,获利指数PI1,回收期为三年,低于同行业平均水平5年。,综上分析,该工程可行。,17,5.,经济利润原因分析,由于该产品属于高科技产品,附加值较高,而且市场上没有类似产品或替代品,根据调查市场容量很大参见工程产品市场与竞争。潜在客户很多且需求量巨大,所以工程可以产生大量经济利润,即投资净现值NPV远大于零。,18,6,、盈亏平衡分析,1BEP产品=N*=CF/P-CN,其中P为产品销售单价不含税,且P=0.2万元;CF为年固定本钱,CN表示单位产品可变本钱;N*表示盈亏平衡点时的生产能力。,19,图10 盈亏平衡图第三年,20,7,、敏感性分析,公司经营过程中可能会遇到一些不确定因素,包括产品价格、单位可变本钱、固定本钱、销售量等。此处,我们对产品价格、单位可变本钱、固定本钱、销售量按提高10%和降低10%以第三年为例做单因素变化敏感性分析。,21,22,23,四 、财务分析运用管理会计的全面预算方法,包括编制预计会计报表和报表分析,一会计报表,公司财务根本情况与会计政策如下:,1该工程属于高新科技产业,工厂设在高新产业园区,自成立之日起,享受两免三减的所得税优惠政策,且根本税率为15%;,2公司的存货采用先进先出法;,3固定资产估计使用寿命为10年,折旧采用直线法,期末无残值;,4公司属于一般纳税人,增值税率按17%计算。,24,1销售预计表,2生产预算表,3直接材料预算表,4直接人工预算表,5制造费用预算,6产品本钱预算表,7销售及管理费用预算,8预计资产负债表,9预计利润表,10预计现金流量表,25,1,销售预计表,销售预算表 单位:万元,年度,一,二,三,四,五,预计销售量(,kg,),190,3810,4950,6900,7950,预计单位售价,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2,销售收入,38,762,990,1380,1590,增值税(销项税),6.46,129.54,168.3,234.6,270.3,销售收入(含税),44.46,891.54,1158.3,1614.6,1860.3,预计现金收入,上年应收账款,0,第一年(销货,117,),42.237,2.223,第二年(销货,468,),846.963,44.577,第三年(销货,936,),1100.385,57.915,第四年(销货,1404,),1533.87,80.73,第五年(销货,1872,),1767.285,26,2,生产预算表,生产预算 单位:,KG,年度,一,二,三,四,五,预计销售量,190,3810,4950,6900,7950,加:预计期末存货,10,200,250,350,400,合计,200,4010,5200,7250,8350,减:预计期初存货,0,10,200,250,350,预计生产量,200,4000,5000,7000,8000,27,3,直接材料预算表,直接材料预算 单位:,KG,,万元,年度,一,二,三,四,五,预计生产量(,KG,),200.00,4000.00,5000.00,7000.00,8000.00,单位产品材料用量(万元),0.02,0.02,0.02,0.02,0.02,生产需要量(万元),4.00,80.00,100.00,140.00,160.00,加:预计期末存量(万元),1.90,38.10,49.50,69.00,79.50,合计,5.90,118.10,149.50,209.00,239.50,减:预计期初存量(万元),0.00,1.90,38.10,49.50,69.00,预计材料采购量(万元),5.90,116.20,111.40,159.50,170.50,增值税(进项税),1.00,19.75,18.94,27.12,28.99,购货支出(含税),6.90,135.95,130.34,186.62,199.49,预计现金支出,上年应付账款,0.00,第一年(,14.625,),6.56,0.35,第二年(,55.575,),129.16,6.80,第三年(,105.3,),123.82,6.52,第四年(,152.1,),177.28,9.33,第五年(,198.9,),189.51,28,4,直接人工预算表,直接人工预算表,年度,一,二,三,四,五,预计产量,(KG),200,4000,5000,7000,8000,单位产量人工,(,万元,/KG),0.135,0.07,0.045,0.045,0.045,人工总成本,(,万元,),27,280,225,315,360,29,5,制造费用预算,制造费用 单位,:,万元,年度,一,二,三,四,五,变动制造费用,:,修理费,5,18,35,40,52,水电费,3,10,18,20,24,小计,8,28,53,60,76,固定制造费用,:,修理费,3,5,8,10,10,长期待摊费用,4,8,8,8,8,折旧,12,18,18,18,18,小计,19,31,34,36,36,合计,27,59,87,96,112,减,:长期待摊费用摊销,4,8,8,8,8,减,:,折旧,12,18,18,18,18,现金支出的费用,11,33,61,70,86,30,6产品本钱预算表,产品成本预算表 第五年,单位成本,生产成本,(8000KG),期末存货,(400KG),销货成本,(7920KG),每千克,投入量,成本,(,万元,),直接材料,0.0200,1kg,0.0200,160,8,159,直接人工,0.0450,1kg,0.0450,360,18,357.75,变动制造费用,0.0095,1kg,0.0095,76,3.8,75.2,固定制造费用,0.0045,1kg,0.0045,36,1.8,36,合计,0.0790,0.0790,632,31.6,627.95,31,7,销售及管理费用预算,销售及管理费用预算 单位,:,万元,年度,一,二,三,四,五,销售费用,:,销售人员工资,18,19.8,21.78,23.96,26.35,广告费,5,6,7.2,8.64,10.37,保管费,2,2.4,2.88,3.46,4.15,销售费用小计,25,28.2,31.86,36.054,40.869,管理费用,:,管理人员工资,19.2,19.2,19.2,19.20,19.20,科研费用,80,100,120,144.00,172.80,办公费用,8,29.6,11.52,13.82,16.59,管理费用小计,107.2,148.8,150.72,177.024,208.5888,合计,132.2,177,182.58,213.08,249.46,32,8,预计资产负债表,资产负债表 单位,:,万元,资产,负债和所有者权益,项目,一,二,三,四,五,项目,一,二,三,四,五,货币资金,0.02,139.92,506.69,1062.40,1721.35,应付账款,0.35,6.80,6.52,9.33,9.97,应收账款,2.22,44.58,57.92,80.73,93.02,短期借款,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,存货,4.80,59.05,70.10,96.55,111.10,流动负债合计,0.35,6.80,6.52,9.33,9.97,流动资产合计,7.05,243.55,634.71,1239.68,1925.47,实收资本,160.00,260.00,260.00,260.00,260.00,长期待摊费用,16.00,28.00,20.00,12.00,4.00,资本公积,120.00,120.00,120.00,120.00,120.00,固定资产原值,120.00,180.00,180.00,180.00,180.00,盈余公积,0.00,5.21,60.03,146.45,245.32,减,:,累计折旧,12.00,30.00,48.00,66.00,84.00,未分配利润,-149.30,29.54,340.16,829.89,1390.17,固定资产净值,108.00,150.00,132.00,114.00,96.00,所有者权益合计,130.70,414.75,780.19,1356.35,2015.49,资产合计,131.05,421.55,786.71,1365.68,2025.47,负债与所有者权益合计,131.05,421.55,786.71,1365.68,2025.47,固定资产按十年以直线法折旧,第二年固定资产改良支出,60,万。盈余公积按当年净利润,15,提取。,未考虑分配股利,33,9,预计利润表,损益表 单位,:,万元,年度,一,二,三,四,五,一、主营业务收入,38.00,762.00,990.00,1380.00,1590.00,减,:,主营业务成本,55.10,400.95,412.35,544.05,627.95,二、主营业务利润,-17.10,361.05,577.65,835.95,962.05,减,:,销售费用,25.00,28.20,31.86,36.05,40.87,管理费用,107.20,148.80,150.72,177.02,208.59,财务费用,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,三、营业利润,-149.30,184.05,395.07,622.87,712.59,加:投资收益,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,营业外收入,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,减:营业外支出,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,四、利润总额,-149.30,184.05,395.07,622.87,712.59,减:所得税,0.00,0.00,29.63,46.72,53.44,五、净利润,-149.30,184.05,365.44,576.16,659.15,34,10,预计现金流量表,现金流出小计,182.21,729.29,778.19,1036.08,1189.06,经营流量净额,-139.98,119.90,366.77,555.71,658.96,二、投资活动,投资收回,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,分得股利,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,现金流入小计,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,支付长期待摊费用,20.00,20.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,购置固定资产,120.00,60.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,现金流出小计,140.00,80.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,净额,-140.00,-80.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,三、筹资活动,借款,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,吸收投资,280.00,100.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,现金流入小计,280.00,100.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,偿还借款,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,分配股利和偿还利息,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,现金流出小计,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,筹资活动产生现金净额,280.00,100.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,现金及现金等价物增加额,0.02,139.90,366.77,555.71,658.96,35,二会计报表分析,36,37,2,、销售趋势分析,38,3,、综合评价,通过以上比率分析和销售趋势分析可以看出,工程有较高的速动比率,扣除财务政策方面的影响不分发股利,总资产报酬率和净资产报酬率从第二年到第五年呈稳步增长趋势;销售利润率在第二年到第五年也保持了较高水平,平均每年为64.04%;除此以外,公司在前五年拥有良好的销售增长趋势,这些都反映出工程具有较强的持续获利能力和经营能力,工程具有可行性。,39,五、风险退出,1.,中小板上市,2.,股权转让,3.,管理层收购,4.,行业并购,40,可参看上届获奖工程的财务局部,41,谢谢大家,42,
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