新视野研一第四课翻译

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,新视野研一第四课翻译,1 paragraph,TherighttopursuehappinessisissuedtoAmericanswiththeirbirthcetificates,butnooneseemsquitewhichwayitran.,Itmaybeweareissuedahuntinglicensebutofferednogame.,JonathanSwiftseemedtobeingwelldeceived.Thefelictyofbeing“afoolamongknaves.ForSwiftsaysocietyasVanityFair,thelandoffalsegoals.,2 paragraph,Itis,ofcourse,unAmericantothinkintermsoffoolsandknaves.,Wedo,however,seemtobededicatedtotheideaofbuyingourwaytohappiness.,Weshallallhavemadeittoheavenwhenwepossessenough.,3 paragraph,AndatthesametimetheforcesofAmericancommercialismarehugelydedicatedtomakingusdeliberatelyunhappy.,Advertisingisoneofourmajorindustries,andadvertisingisoneofourmajorindustries,andadvertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem-andtocreatethemfasterthananymansbudgetcansatisfythem.,Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonadedicatedinsatiability.Wearetaughtthattopossessistobehappy,andthenwearemadetowant.,Weareeventolditisourdutytowant.Itwasonlyafewyearsago,tociteasingleexample,thatcardealersacrossthecountrywereflyingbannersthatread“YouAutoBuyNow.TherewerecallinguponAmericans,asanactapproachingpatriotism,tobuyatonce,withmoneytheydidnothave.,Automobilestheydidnotreallyneed,andwhichtheywouldberequiredtogrowtiredofbythetimethenextyearsmodelswerereleased.,4 paragraph,Orlookatanyofthewomensmagazines.There,asBernardDeVotooncepointedout,advertisingbegainsaspoetryinthefrontpagesandendsaspharmacopoeiaandtherapyinthebackpage.Thepoetryofthefrontmatteristhedreamofperfectbeauty.Thisisthebabyskinthatmustbehers.These,theflawlessteeth.This,theperfumedbreathshemustexhale.This,thesixteen-year-oldfigureshemustdisplayshemustdisplayatforty,atfifty,atsixty,andforever.,5 paragraph,Oncepastthevaguelyupliftingfictionandfeaturearticles,thereaderfindstheotherfaceofthedreaminthebackmatter.ThisistheharnessintowhichMothermuststrapherselfinordertodisplaythatperfectfigure.These,thechinstrapsshemustsleepin.Thisistheslavethatrestoresall,thisisherlaxative,thesearethetabletsthatmeltawayfat,thesearethehormonesofperceptualyouth,thesearethestockingsthathidevaricoseveins. .,6 paragraph,Obviouslynohalf-sanepersoncanbecompletelypersuadedeitherbysuchpoetryorbysuchpoetryorbysuchpharmacopoeiaandorthopedics.,Yetsomeoneisobviouslytryingtobuythedreamasofferedandspendingbillionseveryyearintheattempt.Clearlythehappiness-marketisnotrunningoutofcustomers,butwhatistryingtobu .,7 paragraph,Theidea“happiness,tobesure,willnotsitstillforeasydefinition:thebestonecandoistotrytosetsomeextremestotheideaandthenworkintowardthemiddle.Tothinkofhappinessasacquisitiveandcompetitivewilldotosetthematerialisticextreme.Tothinkofitastheideaonesensesin,say,aholymanofIndiawilldotosetthespiritualextreme.Theholymansideaofhappinessisinneedingnothingfromoutsidehimself.Inwantingnothing,helacksnothing.Hesitsimmobile,raptincontemplation,freeevenofhisownbody.Ornearlyfreeofit.Ifdevoutadmirersbringhimfoodheeatsit;ifnot,hestarvesindifferently.Whybeconcerned?Whatisphysicalisanillusiontohim.Contemplationishisjoyandheachievesitthroughafantasticallydemandingdiscipline,theaccomplishmentofwhichisitselfajoywithinhim,8 paragraph,Isheahappyman?Perhapshishappinessisonlyanothersortofillusion.Butwhocantakeitfromhim?Andwhowilldaresayitismoreillusorythanhappinessontheinstallmentplan?,9 paragraph,But,perhapsbecauseIamWestern,Idoubtsuchcatatonichappiness,asIdoubtthedreamsofthe happiness- market.WhatiscertainisthathiswayofhappinesswouldbetorturetoalmostanyWesternman.Yettheseextremeswillstillservetoframetheareawithinallofusandmustfindsomesortofbalance.Thoreau-acreatureofbothEasternandWesternthought-hadhisownfirmsenseofthatbalance.Hisaimwastosaveonthelowlevelsinordertospendonthehigh.,10paragraph,PosssessionforitsownsakeorincompetitonwiththerestoftheneighborhoodwouldhavebeenThoureausideaofthelowlevels.Theactivedisciplineofheighteningonesperceptionofwhatisenduringinnaturewouldhavebeenhisideaofthehigh,Whathesavedfromthelowwastimeandefforthecouldspendonthehigh.Thoreaucertainlydisapprovedofstarvation,buthewouldputintofeedinghimselfonlyasmucheffortaswouldkeephimfunctioningformoreimportantefforts.,11 paragraph,Effortisthegistofit.Thereisnohappinessexceptaswetakeonlife-engagingdifficulties.Shortoftheimpossible,asYeatsputit,thesatisfactionswegetfromalifetimedependonhowhignwechooseourdifficulties.RobertFrostwasthinkinginsomethinglikethesametermswhenhespokeof“Thepleasureoftakingpains.Themartalflawintheadvertisedversionofhappinessisinthefactthatitpurportstobeeffortless.,12paragraph,Wedemanddifficultyeveninourgames.Wedemanditbecausewithoutdifficultytherecanbenogame.Agameisawayofmakingsomethinghardforthefunofit.Therulesofthegameareanarbitraryimpositionofdificulty.Whenthespoilsportruinsthefun,healwaysdoessobyrefusingtoplaybytherules.Itiseasiertowinatchessifyouarefree,atyourpleasure,tochangethewhollyarbitraryrules,butthefunisinwinningwithintherules.Nodifficulty,nofun.,13paragraph,Thebuyersandsellersatthehappiness-marketseemtoooftentohavelosttheirsenseofthepleasureofdifficulty.Heavenknowswhattheyareplaying,butitseemsadullgame.AndtheIndianholymanseemsdulltous,Isuppose,becauseheseemstoberefusingtoplayanytingatall.TheWesternweaknessmaybeintheillusionthathappinesscanbebought.PerhapstheEasternweaknessisintheideathatthereissuchathingasperfect(thereforestatic)happiness.,14 paragraph,Happinessisnevermorethanpartial.Therearenopurestatesofmankind.Whateverelsehappinessmaybe,itisneitherinhavingnorinbeing,butinbecoming.WhattheFoundingFathersdeclaredforusasinherentright,weshoulddowelltoremember,wasnothappinessbutthepursuitofhappinessmarket,isthecardinalfactthathappinessisinthepursuititself,inthemeaningfulpursuitofwhatislife-engagingandlife-revealing,whichistosay,intheideaofbecoming.Anationisnotmeasuredbywhatitpossessesorwantstopossess,butbywhatitwantstobecome,15 paragraph,Byallmeansletthehappiness-marketsellusminorsatisfactionsandevenminorfolliessolongaswekeeptheminscaleandbuythemoutofspiritualchange.IamnocustomerforeitherPuritanismorasceticism.Butdropanyrealspiritualcapitalatthosebazaars,andwhatyoucometowillbeyourownpoorhouse.,谢谢观赏,