新概念英语第二册Lesson28Noparking

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Lesson 28 No parking 制止停车,乔登美语,生词和短语,rare adj. 罕见的,rare animal 稀有动物,rare bird 珍稀鸟类,rare illness 疑难杂症,ancient adj. 古代的, 古老的,ancient Egypt 古埃及,This is an ancient parable.,这是一个古老的寓言。,parable,prb()l n. 寓言，比喻；隐晦或谜般的格言,myth n. 神话故事,This myth has now been demolished.,这个神话现在已经被打破了,Thats a myth.,那是虚构的。,demolish,dml 拆毁；破坏；驳倒,trouble n. 麻烦,ask for trouble,He is asking for trouble.,他正在引火上身。,Im sorry to put you in trouble.,我很抱歉给你带来麻烦(口语),have trouble in doing sth,I have trouble (in) parking the car.,我停车遇到了麻烦。,effect n. 结果, 效果,have an effect 有效果,have no effect 没有效果,have effect on 对.有效果,The advice has no effect on me.,这个建议对我没有用。,Medusa n. 美杜莎(古希腊神话中3位蛇发女怪这一),Gorgon n. (古希腊神话中的)3位蛇发女怪这一(凡见其貌者都会变成石头),Lay v. 放，搁；下蛋 lie v.躺，位于 ，说谎,过去式 过去分词 现在分词,lay laid laid laying lie lay lain lying lie说谎 lied lied lying,词 汇,课文讲解,Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.,one of 其中之一,one of the students,one of +名词代词这个构造，of后面的名词必须是复数，但与这个构造连用的动词必须是单数：One of your friends is waiting for you now.,你的一位朋友正在等你。,课文中who代指的是one of those rare people，所以动词用believes。,1.,如果在,定语从句,中出现了,one of作为先行词, 它后边的关系代词指代的是后面的,复数名词,2.,如果在one of前面还有一修饰词 (the) only,那么后边的关系代词将指代one这个词, 才作单数看,He is,the only,one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.,语言点,(1)one of the +名词复数，后面引导定语从句谓语用复数,因为定语从句主语为“名词复数 因此谓语用复数.,This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire.,这就是那次大火烧毁的房间之一。,(2)the only one of the +名词复数，后面关系引导定语从句谓语用单数。因为定语从句主语为“the only one 因此谓语用复数.,Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band.,玛丽是参加乐队伴奏的最年轻的姑娘。,如果先行词为the only one，如果指事物用关系代词that 引导定语从句，如果指人，用who 引导定语从句。,He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.,Jasper White is one of those rare people who believe,s,in ancient myths.,who 在这是关系词, 起,承上启下,的作用,先行词：one of the rare people,语言点,believe，believe in,Believe表示“相信、“信以为真它是及物动词，其后直接跟宾语。例,Do you believe his reports？,你相信他的报告吗？,I could hardly believe my eyes,我几乎不能相信自己的眼睛。,In ancient times it was believed that the earth was flat,古时候，人们认为地球是扁平的。,One of 在句中作主语，那么动词选择单数形式,例句：其中的一个答案是对的。,One of those answers is right.,语言点,Believe in那么表示“信仰、“信任。其后的常用搭配语为：有关宗教、理论、原那么、概念及可信任之人，如：,a religionrld()n宗教；宗教信仰、ghosts、,fairyfer仙女，小精灵；漂亮姑娘、 a theory、 a friend等词；,例中的believe为不及物动词。如：,We do not believe in ghosts,我们不信鬼神。,He believes in getting plenty of exercise,他相信多锻炼身体就会有好处。,I believe in God.,我信仰上帝。,He believes in ancient myths.,他相信古代神话。,比较以下两语的不同涵义： I believe him=I believe what he says我相信他的话。 I believe in him=I trust him 我相信他是一个可以信得过的人。即：我信任他,英语定语从句,要了解定语从句，我们先得明白定语是啥,aprettygirl,a girlin red,a girlstanding in the platform,a girlwho is standing in the platformis lucy,彩色局部便都是定语，定语通常是修饰名词，如果定语是一个词并且能完整表达一个意思，定语便放在被修饰词前面，否那么就放后面，,定语可以是一个形容词pretty，可以是介词短语in red，也可以是分词短语standing in the platform，也可以是一个句子who is standing in the platform，而当定语是一个句子时，这个句子就是定语从句。,由于定语从句是一个句子，所以都是放在被修饰词的后面，我们还给这个被修饰的词起了个名字，,先行词,，因为修饰她的句子还在后面，她先出现的。,我们在说说定语从句，在英语中有个规定就是一个句子中只能有一个谓语，就好比我们人只能有一个心脏。那么句子有个子句的时候便可以有两个谓语了，这时候我们便需要一个东西来标志其子句特征，就是关系代词。例子中的who便是关系代词，这个关系代词也可以理解成人的脐带，将子句和母句联系到一起。所以这,关系代词,也是紧挨着先行词的。,我们看看关系词，我们得搞清楚什么时候用什么关系词，关系词分关系代词和关系副词，关系词通常在定语从句中充当成分的，当关系词在句子中作状语的时候便用关系副词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词,who, whom, whose, that, which, as,关系副词,when, where, why,he has just bought a new house in the city, but,ever since,he moved in, he has,had trouble with,cars and their owners,.1 ever since=since ever since的语气比since强，表示“从那以后一直，主句一般用完成时：,He left the village last year and has never returned ever since.他去年离开了这座村庄，从那以后一直没有回去过。,2 have trouble doing 做.有麻烦have trouble with sb.,和某人相处有麻烦,I have trouble with my roommate.,When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate,. in the morning 每天早晨in the afternoon每天下午at night每天晚上park a car 停车,Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage,even once,because of 由于because 的后面加句子,because of 的后面加名词或动词 “-ing,be able to 的主语一般都是人, 表示有能力去做,get his car into his garage. get sth into 把.弄进,even once : 甚至有一次;哪怕只有一次甚至一次,even 起强调,Once a week is sufficient, and even once every two weeks is okay.,一周一次就够了，甚至两周一次也可以。,Jasper has put up No Parking signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. put up 张贴 put up the pictures on the wall 在墙上贴画 put up 在这里表示“挂起、“竖起等意思。not any = no,Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate.,on 接触在上面over 悬挂在上面,It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen.,I have ever seen 做定语从句, 修饰前边的faces如果关系词在从句中做宾语, 关系词可以省略, 所以 I 前的,that,被省略This is the most difficult thing I have ever done.This is the most terrible news I have ever heard.,I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone,. hope 的后面加that从句turn sth to 把前者变成后者turn the prince to a frog (prince n.王子 frog n.青蛙 vi.捕蛙)He was turned to a frog,关系代词that 用法,that常用作关系代词，可指代某人，也可指代某物，指物时有的时候可用which替换that，指人时可用who替换。但在以下情况下，一般用that。,一、that指代某物事时,1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。如：,1Well do all that we can to protect the endangered plants and animals.,我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。,(2) There is much that I wan to tell you.,我有很多想要告诉你的话。,(3) Is there anything that I can do for you,有什么我可以帮你的吗？,2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。如：,(4) You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library.,在我们图书馆，你可以借任何你想读的书。,3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：,5This is the most beautiful city that Ive ever seen.,这是我见过的最漂亮的城市。,4. 先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时。如：,6This is the very factory that they visited last summer holiday.,这恰好是他们去年参观的那个工厂。,7This is the only painting in this style that we have.,这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。,5. 先行词是并列构造，既有人又有物时。如：,8He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him.,6. 先行词前有the same 修饰，表示和先行词是同一物时。如：,9This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.,这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。,注：如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物，那么用the sameas.如：,10This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.,这个钱夹和我昨天丢的那个一样。,7. 先行词为数词时。,11Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday.,瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。,8. 如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句，为防止重复，第二个定语从句用that。如：,12They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.,他们建了一工厂，生产以前从未见过的东西。,9. 以which作主语开头的特殊问句，为了防止重复，定语从句用that。如。,13Which is the bus that you will take,你要乘的是哪一班车？,10. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，而且通常省略。如：,14My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.,我的家乡再也不是以前那个样子了。,11. 关系代词在there be 句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。如：,15This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.,这是有史以来最快的列车。,二、that 指代某人时。,1. 泛指某人时。如：,16He is a man that is never at a loss.,他是一个从未一筹莫展的人。,2. 主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句，为了防止重复时。如：,17Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster,和我们校长说话的那人是谁？,3. 先行词前有the same时。如：,18This is the same man that gave us a talk last year.,这和去年给我们作报告的是同一人。,4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如：,19He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago.,他变了。他再也不是10年前的他了。,另外，that也可用作关系副词，表示时间、地点、原因和方式，在口语中可以用来代替when, where, why 引导的定语从句。在以下名词day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行词时，可用that作关系副词引导定语从句。如：,20Ill never forget the day (that) I joined the League.,我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。,21Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting,这就是他们开会迟到的原因吗？,22We want to find a place (that) we can have a picnic.,我们想找一个我们能野餐的地方。,23This is the first time that I have been abroad for traveling.,这是我第一次到国外去旅游。,注：先行词是time,前面有序数词或last修饰时，常用that引导定语从句或者省略。,领先行词为表示方式的词the way时，可用that引导定语从句, that常可以省略。,24I dont the way you speak to her.,我不喜欢你和她说话那种方式。,稳固练习：,1. This is the same book_ I lost the other day. Theres my name on it.,A. that B. as C. / D. which,2. I hope that the little _ I have been able to do does good to them all.,A. which B. what C. that D. when,3. The first place _ the children were taken to see was their workshop.,A. that B. which C. what D. where,4. Tell me everything _ you know.,A. which B. about that C. about which D. that,5. This is the biggest library _ I have ever seen.,A. which B. what C. where D. that,6. This is the very person _I am looking for.,A. which B. that C. who D. whom,7. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.,Athe way Bin the way that,Cin the way Dthe way which,8. This is all _ I can do for you.,A. which B. what C. it D. /,9. The book doesnt say much _ amuses children.,A. what B. that C. whose D. to which,10. There is nothing about him _ I know of.,A. that B. which C. whom D. who,参考答案：,15 ACADD 610 BADBA,But none of them has been turned to stone yet! none of,neither of做主语时做单数对待,Read and find the useful expressions,相信，信奉,与相处有麻烦,泊车，停车,每天晚上,由于,张贴,把变成,believe in,have trouble with,park a car,at night,because of,put up,turn sth to sth,Jasper White is one of those rare people who believe in ancient myths. he has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up No Parking signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!,Translation,贾斯珀.怀特是少有的相信古代神话的人之一. 他刚在城里买下一所新房子, 但自从搬进去后, 就和汽车及车主们发生了磨擦. 当他夜里回到家时, 总是发现有人把车停在他家大门外. 为此, 他甚至一次也没能把自己的车开进车库. 贾斯珀曾把几块 “制止停车 的牌子挂在大门外边, 但没有任何效果. 现在他把一个丑陋的石雕头像放在了大门上边, 这是我见过的最丑陋的头像之一. 我问他那是什么他告诉我那是蛇发女怪美杜莎. 贾斯珀希望她把汽车和车主们都变成石头. 但到目前为止还没有一个变成石头呢!,现在完成时的构成,概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开场，持续到现在的动作或状态。,根本构造：主语+have/has+过去分词,否认形式：主语+have/has+not+过去分词,常用的时间状语：now,today, tonight, this week, this year, already, yet, just, since, recently,in the past few years等等,1 已经完成,He has left the city.,他已离开这个城市。(结果：他不在这个城市。),Someone has broken the window.,有人把窗户打破了。(结果：窗户仍破着。),I have lost my pen.,我把钢笔丢了。(结果：我现在无钢笔用。),He has finished his work.,他把工作做完了。结果：他现在可以做其他的事了。,现在完成时的用法,二、,未完成法,He has taught in our school for 30 years.,他在我们学校教书已有30年了。,He has been busy since last week.,自上个星期以来他一直很忙。,He has worked for us ever since he left school. 他离开学校以后就一直为我们工作。,Grammar in use现在完成时,与现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语，其中包括before(now)，so far，up totill now，just，already，now，ever，never等；还讲过有些用现在完成时的句子不需要任何表示时间的词。注意以下句子：,This is one of the worst photos Ive ever taken.这是我照过的最差的相片之一。,Ive never seen such a good film before.我从来没看过这么好的电影。,How many times have you had that dream那个梦你做过几次？,Ive had it three times so far.迄今为止我已做过3次。除了这些词以外，since和for也常与现在完成时连用，表示直到现在的时段。since一般与一个时间点连用，for一般与一个时间段连用：,How long have you been a doctor你当医生有多久了？How long have you worked at the library你在图书馆工作多久了？Ive worked at the library for a week.我来图书馆工作已经一星期了。Ive lived here since 1980.自1980年起我就住在这儿,2关系从句Relative clauses及关系代词Relative pronouns,关系从句又可称为定语从句或形容词从句，它像形容词一样可以形容人、物及事件。关系从句可分为限定性defining关系从句不带逗号和非限定性non-defining关系从句带逗号。我们在这里只讨论限定性关系从句。,可以用来表示人的关系代词有who，whom和that以及所有格形式whose，口语中whom经常由who代替。,用来表示事物和动物的关系代词有which和that。不管这些关系代词指的是单数还是复数，其形式都保持不变。,关系代词在关系从句中作宾语时往往可以省略，作主语时那么不可以：,This is the photo (that/which) I took.这是我拍的照片。the photo为took的宾语，that/which代替the photo，可省略The man (who/whom) I served was wearing a hat.我接待的那个人戴着一顶帽子。whowhom为served的宾语，可省略,The lady who is standing behind the counter served me.接待我的是站在柜台后面的那位女士。who为关系从句的主语，不可省I bought the books which are on thecounter.我买的就是柜台上的那些书。which为关系从句的主语，不可省,Themillionairewhose son ran away from home a week ago is not a kind father.有个儿子一周前从家里逃走的那位百万富翁不是个慈父。whose在关系从句中作定语，不可省The girls who are standing behind the counter served us.接待我们的是站在柜台后面的那几位姑娘。who代替复数名词the girls，形式不变,词汇学习 Word study,1believe与believe in,动词believe的含义为“相信、“认为：Do you believe that cats eat grass你相信猫吃草吗？,I believe so.我认为是。,believe in 可以表示“信仰、“相信的存在、“相信的价值：I believe in God.我信仰上帝。,He believes in ancient myths.他相信古代神话。,believe in 可以表示“信赖人格、力量等：Ive never believed in John.我从没有信赖过约翰。,试比较：I believe him.我相信他的话。=I believe his words.I believe in him.我相信他这个人。=I have confidence in him.,2,bec,ause与 because of,because只能作连词用，后面接从句：,You cant remember his name, because you arent really thinking.,你想不起他的名字是因为你没有真正努力去想。,I want to go home now, because Im tired.,现在我想回家，因为我累了。,because of 是介词短语，后面不可以跟从句，只能跟名词或代词。它既可以位于句首，也可以位于句子中间：,Because of the rain, we have to stay at home.,因为下雨，我们不得不呆在家里。,Because of you, we have to put the meeting off.,因为你的缘故，我们已把会议推迟了。,He came back early because of the rain.,由于下雨，所以他回来得早。,He is absent today because of his fathers illness.,由于他父亲的病，他今天缺席。,3can与 be able to,can表示天生的或学到的能力时，只能用于现在时和过去时could，而不可用于将来时。将来时中表示能力时必须用be able to。在现在时和过去时中，can/could与be able to一般可以互换，在完成时中一般用be able to：,He has never been able to get his own car into his garage.他从来都没能把自己的车开进车库。现在完成时,Ill be able to pass my driving test after Ive had a few lessons.我上几次课后就能通过驾驶考试。一般将来时,练习答案 Key to written exercises,2难点练习答案,1 that/which 2 who/that 3 whose 4 which,5 that/which 6 that/which 7 that,3多项选择题答案,1c 2d 3b 4b 5c 6d7b 8d 9c 10d 11b 12a,Grammar,现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果确实和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。,其构成： have (has) +过去分词,现在完成时,比较过去时与现在完成时,1过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情，强调动作；,现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。,I saw this film yesterday.强调看的动作发生过了。,I have seen this film. 强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。,一般过去时的时间状语,:,yesterday, last week,，,ago, in1980, in October, just now, ,具体的时间状语,现在完成时的时间状语,for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语,2过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。,3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.,过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。,用于现在完成时的句型,1It is the first / second time. that构造中的从句局部，用现在完成时。,It is the first time that I have visited the city.,It was the third time that the boy had been late.,2This is the that构造，that 从句要用现在完成时.,This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.,This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.,这是我看过的最好的电影。,这是我第一次听他唱歌。,-Do you know our town at all -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming,B,(2) -Have you _ been to our town before -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come,D,4. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.,A. Know B. had known C. have known D. knew,3. He has _ been to Shanghai, has he A. already B.never C.ever D. still,B,C,6. - These farmers have been to the United States.,- Really When _ there,A will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone,5. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_ it twice.A. will see B.have seenC. saw D. see,B,B,7. It _ ten years since he left the army.,A. is B. has C. will D. was,8. His uncle _ for more than 9 years.A. has come here,B. has started to work C. has lived there,D. has left the university,A,C,定语从句：在主从复合句中，充当主句的某一成分主语、宾语、表语、状语的定语的主谓构造叫定语从句。简单来说，就是一句话做定语。,关系代词可以有五个概念 :,1.代人的, 做主语或宾语who, 只做宾语的whom,2.代物的, 做主语或宾语 which,3.代人的也可以代物的 做主语或宾语 that,4.whose其代表的东西由其在句子中的成分决定(不一定指人),5 指时间用when,The boat whose name is., P136练习,定语从句,(which, that, who, whom, whose),Exersise,(在需要的地方填上who, which, that或whose),1 The only games _ I play are football and tennis.,2 He is the only student _ understands English well.,3 He is a writer _ books are seldom read.,4 This is the hotel at _ we are staying.,5 Is this the money _ you lost,6 That is the horse _ won the race.,7 He is the sort of person _ everyone admires.,that,/,that/who,whose,which,/,which /that,/,