2. 词的翻译

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Diction&Wording,微风,拂,面,The breeze touches my face.,kiss, hug, blow, run, embrace, caress, stroke,dance,brush, rush,sweep, wipe,“,吹面不寒杨柳风,”,，不错的，像母亲的手抚摸着你。,杨柳风：早春的和风,“,Blowing,into your face without making you feel cold is the spring breeze.” True, it was just like a mother,s hand,fondling,you.,文字创作：,积字为句，积句为段，积段为篇,翻译：,选词，造句，谋篇,Peter Newmark:,在翻译实践中，篇章是最终考核质量的单位，句子是基本的操作单位，,而大部分的难题都集中在词汇单位,。,1.,理解词的含义,指称意义,词的确切和字面的意义,蕴涵意义,词语内含的情感和联想意义,词的指称意义,1.,他,是,我的父亲。,2.,这姑娘,是,漂亮。,3.,此人,是,书就读。,4.,是,可忍，孰不可忍？,5.,是,古非今。,1.,判断,2.,确实，实在,3.,凡是,4.,这,5.,认为正确,他,是,我的父亲。,He,is,my father.,这姑娘,是,漂亮。,This girl is,really,beautiful.,此人,是,书就读。,T,his man reads,every,book he can reach.,是,可忍，孰不可忍？,If,this,can be tolerated, what cannot?,是,古非今。,Praise,the past to condemn the present.,知,之为,知,之不,知,为不,知,，是,知,也。,1.,知道,2.,学识修养,When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it-this is knowledge.,词的蕴涵意义,词语的蕴涵意义主要体现在,词语的修辞色彩、文体特征、文化内涵,方面。,月亮,VS,moon,as changeable as the moon,翻译时，应在不影响指称意义传达的前提下,尽可能在译文中反映出原文独特的文化信息和审美价值,。,克明：觉新哪，,你听着,！,Listen, Juexin!,Juexin, I want you to pay particular attention to this.,在我们的左面，住有一家,砍砍柴,，,卖卖菜,，人家死人或娶亲，去,帮帮忙跑跑腿,的人家。,Residing on our left was a family that cut firewood when there was firewood to cut and peddled vegetables when there were vegetables to peddle, or when there were funerals or weddings going on theyd offer to do legwork.,九,死,一,生,三十六,家花酒店，,七十二,座管弦楼。,南朝,四百八十,寺,心,有余而力不足,您的建议我会永远铭记于,心,。,如果你忘了她的生日她会很伤,心,的。,居,心,叵测,得人,心,者得天下,劳,心,者治人，劳力者治于人。,哀莫大于,心,死,heart, mind, brain, intention, wish, popularity, feeling,心,有余而力不足,Ones ability falls short of ones_.,您的建议我会永远铭记于,心,。,I will always bear your advice in _.,如果你忘了她的生日她会很伤,心,的。,Youll hurt her _if you forget her birthday.,wishes,mind,feelings,居,心,叵测,to nurse evil _,得人,心,者得天下,Those who gain _ among the people will gain the power.,劳,心,者治人，劳力者治于人。,Those who work with_ rule and those who work with their brawn are ruled.,哀莫大于,心,死,The greatest despair comes from a devastated _.,intentions,popularity,brains,heart,Exercises,他今天真是红光满面。,一方水土养一方人。,他是母亲的心尖子，肺叶子，眼珠子，命根子。,“,你真是不到黄河心不死,”,，她低声说，无可奈何地摇摇头。,Dont cough more than you can help.,能不咳，就不咳。,From peak to peak leaps the live thunder.,雷声隆隆，翻山越岭而来。,In fact,原来,说白了,归根到底,不瞒你说,你有所不知,Each word when used in a new context is a new word.,J.R.Firth,我向来总以为翻译比创作容易，因为至少是无须构想。但到真的一译，就会遇着难关，譬如一个名词或动词，写不出，创作时候可以回避，翻译上却不成，也还得想，一直弄到头昏眼花，好像在脑子里面摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙，却没有。,鲁迅,选词,怎样选词？,词典,语境,搭配,风格,文化,词典选词,老弱病残孕专座,Courtesy Seat,报刊亭,newstand,约定俗成,落汤,鸡,养,虎,为患,瓮中捉,鳖,如,鱼,得水,愚蠢如,猪,犟得像头,牛,a drowned,rat,to cherish a,snake,catch a,rat,in the hole,like a,duck,to water,as stupid as a,goose,as stubborn as a,donkey,张明和李丹是,表亲,。张明的母亲是李丹的,姑母,，李丹的母亲是张明的,舅母,。,Zhang Ming and Li Dan are,cousins,. Zhang Mings mother is Li Dans,aunt,who is the,sister of Li Dans father,，,while Li Dans mother is Zhang Mings,aunt,who is the,wife of Zhang Mings mothers brother,凤姐想了一想，笑道：“,祖婆婆，太婆婆，婆婆，媳妇，孙子媳妇，重孙子媳妇，亲孙子，侄孙子，重孙子，灰孙子，滴滴搭搭的孙子，孙女儿，外孙女儿，姨表孙女儿，姑表孙女儿，,嗳呦呦，真好热闹！,Yang:“There were the great-grand-mother, grandmother, mothers-in-law, daughters-in-law, grand-daughters-in-law, great-grand-daughters-in-law, grandsons, grand-nephews and a pack of great great grandsons, as well as granddaughters and grand-nieces on the paternal and maternal sides, and grand-nieces on the brothers and sisters sidesAiya, it was really lively”,包子、馄饨、饺子,VS,bread,菜盒子、烧饼、夹馍,VS,hamburger,语境选词,红包,恭喜发财，,红包,拿来！,你结婚我一定包一个大,红包,！,这是给您的,红包,，请您多帮忙！,年终奖他得了一个大,红包,！,红包,gift money,bonus,bribe,lucky money,red envelope,路上浮尘早已刮净，剩下一条,结白,的大道来，车夫也跑得更快。,By now the loose dust had all been blown away, leaving the roadway,clean, and the rickshaw man quickened his pace.,鲁迅一件小事,杨宪益、戴乃迭译,据传说，五十年代中期，渠那边庄子有一个黄花闺女，为了抗拒父母包办的婚姻，大白天就跑过斗渠到这屋里来上吊。这是个上吊的,好地方,，屋顶上没有顶棚，弯弯扭扭的木头椽子露在外面，随便哪根椽子都可以搭上绳子。,As a story goes in the mid 1950s there lived in a hamlet over the other side of the gully a maiden who was in protest against her parents dictatorially arranged marriage escaped in broad daylight across the gully, slipped into this hut - and hanged herself! There was no ceiling, only crooked, bare rafters overhead, conveniently accessible for a rope to hang from.,A most suitable place, indeed, for such a purpose.,探春,笑道,:,“,只恐又是你的杜撰。,”,宝玉,笑道,:,“,除,四书,外,杜撰的太多,偏只我是杜撰不成,?,“ Youre making that up, Im afraid,”,teased,Tan Chun.,“Most works, apart from the,Four Books, are made up; am I the only one who made things up?” he,retorted with a grin,.,(,杨宪益,戴乃迭译,),Exercises,P18-22,搭配选词,一,窝,蜜蜂,一,窝,小鸡,一,窝,幼犬,一,群,美女,一,群,猎狗,一,群,羚羊,一,群,鸭,A,swarm,of bees,A,brood,of chickens,A,litter,of pups,A,bevy,of beautiful ladies,A,pack,of hounds,A,herd,of antelopes,A,team,of ducks,身体,好,，学习,好,，工作,好,Good health, study and work.,Good health, good study and good work.,keep well, study well and work well.,Keep fit, study well and work hard.,Fit in health, great in study and excellent in work.,红,榜,红,茶,红,糖,红,利,红,烧,honor board,black tea,brown sugar,bonus,braise,我是属,牛,的。,你太,牛,了。,他是个,牛,脾气。,你这个人牛什么,牛,啊？,他总是吹,牛,皮。,风格选词,I,wife,darling, dear, honey, sweetie, sweetheart, baby, babe, love,cutie, beautiful, sugar,doll,I,Putting his hands together in front of his chest, Sanzang bowed in polite greeting and said, “Venerable patron,I,am a monk sent from the East to fetch scriptures from the Western Heaven”,“Dont be scared, brother,” said Monkey. “You two guard the master while,I,go up and see what sort of mood its in and what kind of evil spirit it is.”,“Friar Sand,” said Pig with a grin, “you keep guard here.,I,m going up to join in the fight. Im not going to let Monkey keep all the credit for beating the monster to himself. He wont be the first to be given a drink.”,I,三藏合掌当胸，躬身施礼道：“老施主，,贫僧,乃东土差往西天取经者,”,行者道：“贤弟莫怕。你两个护持着师父，待,老孙,上去讨他个口气，看他是甚妖精。”,八戒笑道：“沙僧，你在这里护持，让,老猪,去帮打帮打，莫教那猴子独干这功，领头一钟酒。”,容不容得下，是,娘娘,的气度；能不能让娘娘容下，是,嫔妾,的本事。,Whether,you,can tolerate,me,depends on,your,generosity. Whethe,I,can be tolerated is up to,me,.,臣妾,做不到啊,You listen to me, your high-an-mightiness. This citys burnin mad cops, mayor, everybody else. When they find who done that last night, who killed that kid an its mother, then high-tailed it, theyll throw the book, and never mind who it hits, or whether they got fancy titles neither. Now I know what I know, and if I do what by rights I should, therell be a squad of cops in here so fast youll hardly see em. But I come to you first, in fairness, sos you could tell your side of it to me.,你给我听着，尊贵的阁下。现在这件事正闹得沸沸扬扬、满城风雨，从警察到市长，所有人都群情激奋。等到他们查明昨晚是谁肇的事，是谁撞死了那母子俩，然后逃之夭夭，他们绝对不会姑息，不管肇事者是谁，也不管他有多么显赫的头衔，都将受到严厉的惩罚。现在我已经知道了整个事情的经过，要是我秉公办理的话，眨眼之间，马上会有一大队的警察出现在这儿。但我不是蛮不讲理，待人不公平的人，所以我先到你们这来了，这样你们能够告诉我你们的想法。,你给我听着，大老爷。这事把整个城里的人都惹火了，警察、市长、还有老百姓。他们要是知道昨晚谁干的这事儿，是谁撞死了那娘儿俩就溜了，他们绝对饶不了，不管犯事的是谁，也不管他有多大来头。现在这事俺都知道了，我要是按条条办，眨巴眼就有一大帮警察来这儿。但我还是够意思的，先到你们这儿来，听听你们有什么招。,于是,洗手的时候，日子从水盆里,过去,；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里,过去,；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前,过去,。,Thus-the day,flows away,through the sink when I wash my hands,wears off,in the bowl when I eat my meal, and,passes away,before my daydreaming gaze as I reflect in silence.,朱自清匆匆,文化选词,不折腾,Bu Zheteng,No Z-turn,Dont make trouble、Dont flip-flop、Dont move sideways、Dont get sidetracked,、Don,t do much ado about nothing,撸起袖子加油干,roll up our sleeves to work harder,忽悠,Fool you,单身狗,Damn single,蓝瘦香菇,Skinny blue mushroom,洪荒之力,prehistoric powers,布衣蔬食,wear clothes of cotton and eat vegetables,wear coarse clothes and eat simple food,你别狗咬吕洞宾,不识好人心。,我是好心好意劝你，倒粘到我身上了。,Dont snap and snarl at me when Im trying to do my best for you.,I give you my advice with the best will in the world and you turn round and lay the blame on me.,你要是做了,陈世美,，千人骂万人唾的,!,If you want to act like,Chen Shimei in the play, who abandoned his wife for another woman, the people will scorn you and spit in your face!,毛主席问陈妻：“你们俩,感情,好不好？”陈妻答：“好。”主席听了感到非常高兴,。,Then Chairman Mao talked with Chens wife. He was pleased to know that they had a happy home life.,建议,1.,语体不同，选词不同,2.,先求,信,，再求,雅,3,.,选词体现功底，有,底,才会,选,字斟句酌，惜墨如金,不落俗套，独具匠心,Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.,没有人由于年龄增长而变老，我们变老是因为抛弃了自己的理想。,年岁有加，并非垂老；理想丢弃，方堕暮年,。,盼望着，盼望着，东风来了，春天的脚步近了。,一切都像刚睡醒的样子，欣欣然张开了眼。山朗润起来了，水长起来了，太阳的脸红起来了。,小草偷偷地从土里钻出来，嫩嫩的，绿绿的。园子里，田野里，瞧去，一大片一大片满是的。坐着，躺着，打两个滚，踢几脚球，赛几趟跑，捉几回迷藏。风轻悄悄的，草绵软软的。,朱自清 春,盼望着，盼望着，东风来了，春天的脚步近了。,After much longing and anticipation, the arrival of East Wind heralds,the footsteps of Spring are fast approaching.,For so long we had been waiting before the east wind finally resumed its course. Now Spring is to arrive in no time.,So long and so much have I been looking forward to it. Now the east wind blows again and I finally hear the footsteps of spring approaching.,一切都像刚睡醒的样子,欣欣然张开了眼.山朗润起来了,水长起来了,太阳的脸红起来了.,It seems things everywhere have just woken up and gleefully opened their eyes. Mountains are greening, waters are welling, and the Sun is glowing.,It seems that everything is just after a long sleep, their eyes still sleepy. Mountains and hills turn more luxuriant, rivers and lakes fuller and clearer, and the sun hotter.,All the creatures seem to awake from a sound sleep and open their eyes cheerfully. Hills become green again, rivers begin to rise and the sun shines more brightly.,小草偷偷地从土里钻出来，嫩嫩的，绿绿的。园子里，田野里，瞧去，一大片一大片满是的。风轻悄悄的，草绵软软的。,The new grass, fresh green and tender, emerges from dormancy in such a quiet way that I am not even aware when its sprouted out of the earth. Look, in the gardens, in the fields, there are stretches and patches of greenness, accompanied by the gentle breeze.,小草偷偷地从土里钻出来，嫩嫩的，绿绿的。园子里，田野里，瞧去，一大片一大片满是的。风轻悄悄的，草绵软软的。,The new grass, tender and greenish, sneaked out of the ground without anybody knowing when. The gardens, fields, everywhere you turn, you see but tracts after tracts of greenness. The breeze was simply so gentle and the grass so tender.,Little blades of grass, s,o,delicate and greenish, poke their little heads out of the ground. They spread out everywhere within the scope of your sight in the gardens and in the fields.The breeze is light. The grass is soft.,