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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,1,过去分词,done,不定式,to do,V-ing,形式,doing,非,谓语动词,不定式：主要表示目的和将来；,动词的ing：表示主动和进展；,过去分词：表示被动和完成。,2,Part One,to do,的作用,Part Two,to do,的形式,主语表语宾语宾补定语状语,时态,语态,主动表被动,不定式,to do,3,1. _ (live) is to struggle.,2. When and where to build the new factory _(not decide) yet.,3. Is _ necessary to complete the design,before National Day填空,4. Its standard practice _ a company,like this one to employ a security officer.,Its foolish _ you to act that way. 填空,has not been decided,it,To live,for,of,Part One:,动词不定式的作用,I,4,归纳,I,：不定式作主语,1),不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数；,2) it,作形式主语。,3) be + adj. + for/of sb. to do,5,II.,1.The purpose of new technologies is to make,life easier, _(not make) it more,difficult,2. Our wish is _(help) them.,3. What he did was _ (wait).,1.,跟在系动词后面，说明主语的内容，表将来,常用,wish, aim, job, ability,等做主语。,2.,主语有,do,，表语可无,to.,not to make,to help,(to)wait,归纳,II,：不定式作表语,6,III.,1. He agreed _(meet) here, but so,far he hasnt turned up yet,2. His mother managed,_(,support),the whole family by working two jobs at,the same time.,3.,He found _ very difficult to get to sleep.,t,to meet,to support,it,7,2. _,做,_,，常用句型,:,find, consider, feel, make + it +,宾补,+ to do,3.,某些动词后接,to do,与接,Ving,的区别,remember,，,forget, try , mean, regret,stop,，,go on , cant help,it,形式宾语,归纳,III,：不定式作宾语,常用,to do,做宾语的动词有：,agree, expect, prepare, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, plan, fail, promise, refuse, want, help, wish,8,1) After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on _(thank) all the people who had helped in her career.,3) I regret _(say) that we have no,news for you.,4) We regretted _(sell) the farm.,5) She cant help _(clean) the house,because shes busy making a cake,6) We made _ a rule to listen to English,news every day.,to say,selling/having sold,(to) clean,it,练习,to thank,9,IV,改错,1.The new government called on its people,keep calm at this special moment.,2. People are often persuaded buying,something they dont really need in the,shop.,3. The director had her assistant to pick up,some hot dogs for the meeting.,4. I saw a stranger entered the classroom,yesterday.,to,to buy,enter,10,常用,to,do,作宾补的动词有,advise, ask, allow, cause, call on, get, invite, force, beg, help, expect, tell, encourage, persuade, permit, request, require, order, teach, wish, want,等,归纳,IV,：不定式作宾补,2. 常用todo 作宾补的动词：,hear/see,let/make/have,Paul doesnt have to be made _(learn).,He always works hard,to learn,但变为被动构造时，不定式符号to 要加上,11,V.,1.Group activities will be organized after class _help) children develop team spirit.,2. Im happy_ (see) you.,3. _(catch) the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.,4. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _ (find) it didnt fit.,to help,To catch,to see,to find,12,1.,to do,作目的状语,相当于,in order to / so as to,省略。,归纳,V.,2.to do,作原因状语,用于表示情感的,adj.,后,soas to do,suchas to do,Adj./adv. +enough to do,tooto do,only to do.,3.,不定式结果状语常用句型,13,1. He was so careless as to leave his car unlocked.,2. He is such a fool as to think that his idle chatter can influence others.,3. Would you be kind enough to close the door,4. It was too late to do anything now.,5. The fans arrived at the airport, only to be told the famous star had already left.,Read,6. Hes,too anxious to know,the result of the test.,但,too,anxious/delighted/ eager/glad/kind, pleased/ready/willing,to do,什么意思？,14,.,1. She is always the first person,to come,but,the last,to leave,.,2. I have a lot of letters,to write,3. I have only a cold room,to live in,归纳,VI,：不定式作定语,主谓关系,：被修饰的词是不定式的,_,2.,动宾关系,：被修饰的词是不定式的,_,逻辑主语,逻辑宾语,15,不定式,时态与语态,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,/,Part Two,不定式的变化形式,16,用所给词的正确形式填空,1. The teacher was surprised _(see),that no one was in the classroom.,2. She is said _ (leave) soon.,2. The boy pretended _ (do),his homework when his mother came in.,3. Robert is said _ (study),abroad, but I dont know what country,he studied in.,4. He happened _ (play),a computer game when I entered.,to see,to be doing,to have studied,to be playing,to leave,17,归纳：,to do 同时或将来,to be doing 正在进展,to have done 过去；完成,18,1. English is easy _(learn).,I find English easy _(learn).,2. The chair is very comfortable_ (sit) on.3. Chocolates are nice _ (eat).,to learn,to learn,to sit,to eat,不定式的主动与被动,归纳,I:,be + adj. + to do,句型,常用的形容词有：,easy, difficult, hard, nice,，,pleasant,，,comfortable, interesting,，,important,，,fit,等。,19,He has a family _ (support).,2. Do you have anything _(take) to Shanghai Im going there tomorrow.,3. The bridge _(build) next year will be of great benefit to the local people.,4. There are still many problems_ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.,to support,to be built,to be taken,to be solved/,to solve,have sth to do,主语自己做,have sth to be done,别人替做,20,归纳,II:,不定式作定语，当不定式和被修饰的词是,_,，同时不定式和句子的主语是,_,时，不定式用,_,形式； 当不定式和其被修饰的词之间是被动关系时，需用,_,形式。,动宾关系,主谓关系,主动,被动,I have some clothes to wash.,I have some clothes to be washed.,21,V-ing,Part One,Ving,的形式,Part Two,Ving,的作用,主语表语宾语宾补定语状语,时态,语态,22,Part One,：,V-ing,的作用,I.,1. _ ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.,2. It is no use _(sit) here waiting.,3. Marys _(be) late again made the,teacher rather angry.,sitting,being,Ignoring,归纳1：,1.Ving作主语，谓语动词用单数；,2. It做形式主语. 句型It is no use/no good doing sth,3. sbs doing也可作主语，说明动作的发出者。,Do you mind _ (I) smoking here,23,me/my,Being loved,is happy.,I dont like,being questioned,.,The boy,being questioned,is my brother.,Being repaired, the bike cant be used now.,(Once) _(approve), you can continue to live in this country.,24,approved,被,正被,25,II,1. My job is _(teach) English.,2. The new is _ (excite).,归纳II：Ving作表语, 分两种情况，,一是_，可以和主语互换位置；,一是_，“令人,teaching,exciting,名词性,形容词性,26,III.,1. The bird was lucky that it just missed,_(catch).,2. Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _,(go) for a swim,3. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore,he can go shopping without _ ( recognize).,being caught,going,being recognized,27,finish, enjoy, mind, keep, miss, avoid, risk, consider, imagine, practise, suggest, delay, escape, excuse, forgive, admit, appreciate, understand, cant stand,归纳,III,：,V-ing,作,宾语,分为,动,宾和介宾。,常用,V-ing,作宾语动词和短语有：,常用短语：,put off, give up, feel like, set about, be fond of,be used to; get down to; look forward to,devote oneself to; pay attention to;,have some difficulty/trouble in doing sth,28,IV.,1. Listening to music at home is one thing; going to hear it _ (perform) live is quite another.,2. He looked around and caught a man,_(put) his hand into the pocket of a,passenger.,归纳IV ： Ving作宾语补语，常用动词有：,hear, see, catch, find ,have, keep, leave,putting,being performed,29,V.,John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ (offer) him it.,2. In recent years an English word “infosphere has appeared, _ (combine) the sense of “information and “ atmosphere.,3. Last night, there were millions of people,_ (watch) the opening ceremony live,on TV.,4. The temperature is below the _,(freeze) point.,offering,combining,freezing,watching,30,归纳,V,：,1. V-ing,作,定语,单个分词一般,_,分词短语一般,_,，相当于一个定语从句的省略,2. Ving,做定语分两种情况：,一是表示,_,，如,a sleeping boy,；,一是表示,_,，如,a walking stick,后置,前置,所修饰词的动作,所修饰词的用处或性能,注意：分词的完成式,(having done),不能作定语。,31,VI doing, sb,1. Not_ (know) her address, we couldnt get in touch with her.,2. _ (work) for two days, Steve,managed to finish his report on schedule.,3.The park was full of people_(enjoy),themselves in the sunshine.,4. _(spend) nearly all our money ,we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel .,归纳,VI,：,Ving,作,状语,表示,_,、,_,、,_,等。,其逻辑主语多是,_,，二者之间是主动关系,knowing,Having worked,原因,伴随,时间,enjoying,Having spent,主句的主语,32,Part Two,：,Ving,分词的形式,doing,being done,having done,having been done,not doing,not having done,1) He narrowly escaped,being run over,.,2) Hes ashamed of,having failed,to pass the,test.,3),Not having got an answer,I decided to,write him another letter.,33,归纳：,1. V-ing,一般式表示,V-ing,动词与谓语动词,_,发生；,2.,V-ing,完成式表示,V-ing,动词发生在谓语动词,_,。,3.,逻辑主语与,V-ing,为,_,时,用主动式；,_,时，用被动式。,同时,之前,主谓关系,动宾关系,34,done,过去分词的作用,状语,定语,宾补,表语,35,1.Clearly and thoughtfully_ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.,2.,_ (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a,football star.,3.,If _(accept)for the job, youll be informed soon.,过去分词的作用,I,accepted,Raised,written,(Done, sb do),36,4.,_ (lose),in thought, he almost ran into the car.,5. _(absorb) in painting, John didn,t notice evening approaching.,6. _(face) with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.,Lost,Faced,归纳I：,1.过去分词作_, 与其逻辑主语多为句子主语构成_，表示时间、原因、条件、方式等。,2.V-ed既能_，又能_,状语,被动,关系,Absorbed,表示被动,/,完成,构成,adj.,表状态,37,II.,After completing and signing it, please,return the form to us in the envelope,_(provide).,2. “Its such a nice place, Mother said as she,sat at the table _(reserve)for the,customers.,3. A _(puzzle) expression appeared,on his face.,provided,reserved,puzzled,38,归纳,II,：,过去分词作,_,分,_,和,_,两种。,分词,_,常常,_,相当于一个,_,，省略了,_,。,定语,前置,后置,短语,后置,含被动语态的定语从句,“关系代词+be,39,归纳,III,：,过去分词作,宾补,常用动词有：,hear, see, watch,make, get, have, keep, leave,等,Back from his two-year medical service in,Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his,mother _(take) good care of at home.,2. Asimov began having stories _,(publish)in science fiction magazines in 1939.,3. When we saw the road _ (block),with snow, we decided to spend the holiday,at home.,III.,taken,blocked,published,非谓语作使役动词的宾补,letdo,let,be,done,2. have .do,have.done,have.doing,3. makedo,makedone,4.,get,to,do,getdone,5. keep/leavedoing,keep/leavedone,6. finddoing,finddone,findto be,40,1. Let me,finish,my words.,Let my words,be finished,.,2. I had Mary,clean,my bedroom yesterday.(,一次性,),He had his bike,repaired,.,He had us,laughing,during the lunchtime.(,持续性,),3. Dont make me,repeat,the words again and again.,Please speak louder and make yourself,heard,.,4. The teacher got every kid in her class,to feel,special.,I got my hair,cut,.,5. Keep/leave it,untouched,Keep/leave the water,running,41,The police found him,lying,on the ground ,unconscious.,I found him,surrounded,by a group of students.,I find you,to be,happy.,42,43,IV.,1. I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling _(tire).,2. The meal remained _ (untouch),because she didnt feel like eating anything.,3. All the boys became _(disappoint),when it started to rain.,归纳,IV,：,过去分词作,表语,有被动含义,多用于说明主,语的状态。,tired,untouched,disappointed,44,改错,(sth doing/done, sb.),There was no bus, we had to walk home.,Weather permits, well go outing tomorrow.,The signal giving, the train started.,4. His lecture giving, a lively question-and-answer session followed.,归纳：以上句子为_构造,即：分词带,有自己的逻辑主语。表示_。,being,permitting,given,having been given,独立主格,原因,/,条件,/,时间或伴随,45,练习,1. Much time _ (spendsitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by,health problems.,going on,spent,finished,介词with构造做状语,2. John received an invitation to dinner, and,with his work _(finish) , he gladly,accepted it.,3. I couldnt do my work with all that noise,_( go on).,46,非谓语作独立成分,To be frank, To be exact, To begin with ,To be honest , To start with, To tell you the,truth, To make a long story short,Generally/frankly speaking, Judging from ,Considering Given(,考虑到,),To tell you the truth, I didn,t go there yesterday.,Frankly speaking, he isn,t quite fit for the job.,Judging by his accent, he came from Tangshan.,Given good weather, our ship will reach there on time.,47,2. Unless _ (invite) to speak, you,should remain silent at the conference.,invited,1,. _(tell) many times, he finally understood it.,Told,3. _ (spend) the past year as an,exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda,appears more mature than those of her age.,状语比较： Ved. & Ving.,作状语如何选择,V-ed.,&,V-ing.,？,1.,找到：,2.,判断：,找到分词的逻辑主语，通常是主句的主语,主动关系就用,V-ing,；被动关系就用,V-ed,.,Having spent,48,He served as a volunteer _ (,help),others.,2. Prices of daily goods _ (,buy),online can be lower than store prices.,3. The meeting _ ( hold) tomorrow,is very important.,helping,bought,to be held,V-ing.作定语，表示主动或进展,与逻辑主语是主谓关系,V-ed.做定语，表示被动完成,与逻辑主语是动宾关系,to do做定语，表将来,定语比较 Ving. & Ved. & to do,being done,正被；被,done,已被,to be done,将被,49,50,to do强调动作发生的全过程,Ving.强调宾语和补足语间是主动关系/动作正进展,Ved.强调宾语和补足语间的被动关系,宾补比较 V-ing. & V-ed. & to do,1. -Why did you go back to the shop,？,-I left my friend _ (wait) there.,2. Passengers are permitted _ (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.,3. I saw her _(take )to the hospital in,no time.,waiting,to carry,taken,51,请回忆,你记住了多少知识点,请认真复习,52,试着总结总结,:,53,非谓语动词的做题步骤,1、判定是否用非谓语形式,方法：检查句子中是否,已经,有了谓语动词;,2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语,方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般多是句子的,主语。,3、判断主被动关系。,方法：非谓语动词与逻辑主语的主动还是被动,关系。,4、判断时间关系。,方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动,作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。,之前常用 done; 同时常用doing；之后常用to do;,
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