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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,考点,8:,词 类 转 换,真题再练,1. (2021全国卷61) Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _ (attract).,在“形容词性物主代词(its)+形容词(top)后应填名词，attraction指“吸引人的事物。,attraction,2. (2021全国卷63) From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be _ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.,修饰动词用副词，表示“正式地。,officially,3. (2021全国卷62)Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _ (achieve).,在介词后作宾语要用名词，表示“成就。,4. (2021全国卷67)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _ (regular).,修饰谓语动词用副词，表示“经常地。,achievement,regularly,5. (2021全国卷66)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.,修饰动词turned用副词，表示“逐渐地。,6. (2021全国卷68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius influenced the _ (develop) of chopsticks.,在冠词the与介词of之间，应填名词，表示“筷子的开展。,gradually,development,7.(2021 卷I69) And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it _ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.,regularly,修饰动词,arranges,作状语，用副词。,8.(2021 卷II63) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _ (able) to “air condition a house without using electric equipment.,在形容词性物主代词后必定用名词。,ability,9.(2021 卷II65) Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.,修饰谓语动词give out，表示“慢慢地散热, 用副词slowly。,slowly,10.(2021 卷II69) As _ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.,在名词前作定语要用形容词。,natural,11.(2021卷I62) The river was so polluted that it _ (actual) caught fire and burned.,修饰谓语动词caught，用副词作状语，表示“居然。,12.(2021卷I70) Just be _ (patience).,在系动词be后作表语，要用形容词。,actually,patient,13. (2021卷II50) Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers _ (sudden) became friendly to one another.,修饰动词,became,，作状语，用副词。,suddenly,思路点拨,当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下,5,点顺利解决：,1.,作主语或宾语用名词形式。,如：,But Jane knew from past experience that her _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.,解析：,在,that,引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词，或者说，在形容词性物主代词,her,后还没有名词，一定是用名词形式，故填,choice,。,choice,2.,在形容词性物主代词、冠词,(+,形容词,),、不定代词,(some, any, a lot of,等,),、介词后还没有名词时，就用名词形式。如真题再练第,1,、,3,、,6,、,8,题。,3.,作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式。如真题再练第,10,、,12,题，分别是作定语和表语。又如：,I consider it _(use) for us to use English-English dictionary.,解析：句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，所给词在句中作宾补，要用形容词，表示 “有益的，有用的，故填useful。,useful,4.作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或放在句首修饰全句，用副词。如真题再练第2、4、5、7、9、11、13题都是修饰动词，用副词。又如：,(1) When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was _ (surprise) helpful. (2021广东卷),解析：句中已有作表语的形容词helpful，要用副词来修饰helpful；由语境句意可知，是指“意外地有帮助，故填surprisingly。,surprisingly,(2) _(lucky), he had a cow which produced milk every day. (2021 广东卷),解析：空格位于句首，且有逗号隔开，可知是修饰全句，用副词作状语；“有一头每天都产牛奶的母牛应当是“幸运地，故填Luckily。,Luckily,5. 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性一样时，无需改变词性，而可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀，也可能用其比较级或最高级。如：,In Alaska, the wolf almost _ (appear) a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport.,解析：主句缺谓语, 应填动词，而appear本身就是动词，无需作词性变化，可考虑变词义；由because从句可知，主句意思应是“狼在几年前就差不多消失了，要用disappear；再由a few years ago可知，要用一般过去时，故填disappeared。,disappeared,注意： 解题时，既要根据句子构造需要确定词类，又要考虑句意连贯或逻辑通顺。如：,He failed his maths examination because of his _ (care) work.,解析：在名词前作定语，要用形容词；由failed可知，要填表示否认意义的“careless (粗心大意的)，意义才通顺。,careless,考点归纳,在高考全国卷中出现的考纲词的派生词是不算生词的，也不用汉语注明，因此，掌握根本的构词法知识非常重要。,从近三年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转换主要考察了以下3点：,(1) 形容词副词。如真题再练的第2、4、,5、7、9、11、13七个小题。,(2) 形容词名词。如真题再练的第8题。,(3) 名词形容词。如真题再练的第10、,12题。,但从历年来的全国卷来看，除上述考点外，还考了或可能考：,(1),动词名词：,attract attraction,；,(2),动词副词：,surprise surprisingly,。现将主要考点归纳如下：,1.,形容词与副词的转换,(,高频考点,),规律,总结,请写出下列形容词的副词形式,1,一般直接加,ly,quick_; rude_; wide_; real_; careful_; final_; polite_; high_,2,(,辅音字母,+) y ily,easy_; angry_; happy_; heavy_; busy _; lucky_;,shy_,quickly,rudely,widely,really,carefully,easily,angrily,happily,heavily,busily,shyly,luckily,finally,politely,highly,规律,总结,请写出下列形容词的副词形式,3,-ble,-bly,possible_; probable_; terrible_; noble_; comfortable_;,reliable _,4,(,一般,),去,e,加,y,gentle_; ample_; simple_,simply,possibly,probably,terribly,nobly,comfortably,gently,amply,reliably,规律总结,请写出下列形容词的副词形式,5,(,个别,),去,e,加,ly,true _,；,whole_,6,ic,结尾加,ally,basic_; classic_; magic_; optimistic_;,scientific _;,但,public _,basically,classically,magically,optimistically,scientifically,publicly,wholly,truly,规律总结,请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式,1,+al/,去,e, +al,music musical; person_; nation_;,tradition _;,centre_; practice_,2,-ture -tural,nature natural; culture_; agriculture_; architecture_,2.,名词与形容词的转换,architectural,personal,national,central,practical,cultural,agricultural,traditional,规律总结,请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式,3,-ics -ical,politics political; physics_; mathematics_;,statistics _,4,+ern,east eastern; west_; south_;,north_; southwest_,physical,mathematical,statistical,western,southern,northern,southwestern,规律总结,请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式,5,+ible,access accessible;,注意,horror_;,terror_,6,+ful,success successful; power_;,peace_;,注意,mercy_;,beauty_,horrible,terrible,merciful,peaceful,beautiful,powerful,规律总结,请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式,7,+ish,fool foolish;,self_;,child_,8,+ous,danger dangerous; humor_,注意,anxiety_;,ambition_;,curiosity_;,selfish,childish,anxious,ambitious,curious,humorous,规律总结,请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式,9,-ance,-ant,importance important; significance_; distance _,10,-ence,-ent,absence absent; silence_; difference_; convenience_,significant,distant,silent,different,convenient,规律总结,请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式,11,-ency,-ent,fluency fluent; efficiency_; emergency_; urgency_,12,+ly,friend friendly;,day _;,time _;,man _;,mother _,efficient,emergent,urgent,daily,timely,manly,motherly,规律总结,请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式,13,-ble,-bility,able ability;,responsible_;,possible_;,flexible_,14,+y;,去,e,，,+y;,双写，,+y,health healthy; sleep_; difficult_; noise_; sun_,responsibility,possibility,flexibility,sleepy,difficulty,noisy,sunny,规律总结,请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式,15,adj. + ness n.,weak weakness; kind_; ill_; sad_;,注意,happy_,16,adj. +th n.,warm_;,strong strength; long_; wide_; true_,kindness,sadness,happiness,length,width,warmth,truth,illness,规律总结,请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式,17,-ate,-acy,accurate accuracy;,private_;,adequate_,18,其他各类,free freedom; wise_; cruel_; safe_; tire_; trouble_; history_; science_; brave_; short_,privacy,adequacy,troublesome,cruelty,safety,tiresome,historic(al),scientific,bravery,shortage,wisdom,3.,动词与名词的转换,规律总结,请写出下列动词的名词形式,1,+ation,expect expectation; present_;,注意：,explain_,2,去,e,，,+ation,invite invitation;,educate _; examine_; prepare_; pronounce_,presentation,explanation,education,examination,preparation,pronunciation,规律总结,请写出下列动词的名词形式,3,去,e,，,+ tion,produce production; introduce _,；,注意：,describe _,4,去,e,，,+ion,devote devotion;,pollute _; contribute _; revise _,introduction,description,pollution,contribution,revision,规律总结,请写出下列动词的名词形式,5,+ion,act action; attract_; protect_; suggest_,；,注意：,intend_,discuss _; express_; possess_;,impress _,attraction,protection,suggestion,intention,discussion,expression,possession,impression,规律总结,请写出下列动词的名词形式,6,去,t/d/de,，,+ (s)sion,admit admission; permit_; extend_; conclude_; divide_,7,+ance,；去,e,，,+ance,appear appearance; perform_; acquaint_; guide_,permission,extension,conclusion,division,performance,acquaintance,guidance,规律总结,请写出下列动词的名词形式,8,+ence,exist existence; prefer_; refer_; differ_; depend_,9,+ment;,去,e, +ment,achieve achievement;,agree _; announce_; develop_; encourage_,encouragement,development,agreement,dependence,difference,reference,preference,announcement,规律总结,请写出下列动词的名词形式,10,去,e,，,+al,arrive arrival;,approve _; survive _;,refuse _,11,+ure,fail failure; press_;,depart _;,mix _,approval,survival,refusal,pressure,departure,mixture,规律总结,请写出下列动词的名词形式,12,+y,recover recovery; discover_,13,其他,choose choice; vary_; tend_; advise_; apologize_; classify_; grow_,discovery,variety,classification,advice,apology,growth,tendency,4.,动词与形容词的转换,规律总结,请写出下列动词的形容词形式或形容词的动词形式,1,+able,suit suitable;,comfort_; reason_;,注意,admire_; rely_;,2,+ful,doubt doubtful;,harm_; hope_; care_; use_,admirable,reliable,comfortable,reasonable,harmful,hopeful,careful,useful,规律总结,请写出下列动词的形容词形式或形容词的动词形式,3,+ive,act active; attract_; impress_; create_,4,+ary,imagine _,imaginary,attractive,impressive,creative,规律总结,请写出下列动词的形容词形式，或形容词的动词形式,5,adj.+env.,deep deepen;,wide _; less_; worse_,6,en+adj.v.,large enlarge; rich_; able_; noble_,widen,lessen,worsen,enrich,enable,ennoble,5. 表示否认的前缀与后缀,规律总结,请写出与下列单词意义相反或相否定的词语,1,dis+,advantage disadvantage; agree _; appear_; cover_,disagree,disappear,discover,规律总结,请写出与下列单词意义相反或相否定的词语,2,il/im/,in,legal illegal;,polite _; patient_; convenient_,3,mis+,understand misunderstand; lead_; direct_; trust_,impolite,impatient,inconvenient,mislead,misdirect,mistrust,规律总结,请写出与下列单词意义相反或相否定的词语,4,un+,able unable;,fair_;,fit _; fortunate_; usual_,5,+less,hope hopeless;,end_;,stain_; taste_;,use_,unfair,unfit,unfortunate,unusual,endless,stainless,tasteless,useless,6.,表示人的后缀,规律总结,请写出下列表示人的名词,1,+er,sing singer; teach_; strange_; village_; employ_,2,+or,act actor; invent _; educate_; visit_; conduct_,teacher,stranger,villager,employer,inventor,educator,visitor,conductor,规律总结,请写出下列表示人的名词,3,+ee,employ employee;,interview _; pay_; absent_,4,+(i)ess,act actress; wait_; host_; steward_; god_,interviewee,payee,absentee,waitress,hostess,stewardess,goddess,规律总结,请写出下列表示人的名词,5,+ese,Japan _;,注意,China _;,Burma(,缅甸,)_;,Vietnam_,6,+n,Asia Asian; America_; Australia_; India_; Korea_,Japanese,Burmese,Vietnamese,American,Australian,Indian,Korean,Chinese,规律总结,请写出下列表示人的名词,7,(,去,y,或,s) +ian,music musician; history_; library_; physics_; politics_,8,+ist,art artist;,novel _; tour_;,注意,cycle_; science_,historian,librarian,physician,politician,novelist,tourist,cyclist,scientist,规律总结,请写出下列表示人的名词,9,+ant,assist assistant;,account _; consult _;,注意,apply _;,serve _,10,+ar,lie liar; beg_(,注意拼写,),beggar,accountant,consultant,applicant,servant,考点练透,1. (2021海南七校) But it doesnt mean we can use it _ (free) in school.,修饰动词(use)作状语，用副词。,2. (2021山西联考) “No, sir. You must also start preparing for the winter if you want to have enough to eat, the ant said _ (serious).,修饰动词(said)作状语，用副词。,freely,seriously,3. (2021宁夏银川) I _ (usual) play it as background music while Im doing some housework.,修饰动词(play)作状语，用副词。,4. (2021四川绵阳) They _ (success) designed and built a robot for discovering unexplored mines,修饰动词designed用副词，故用successfully。,usually,successfully,5. (2021湖北荆门) Brazilian officials,_ (sincere) hope hosting the games will improve life in Brazil.,修饰动词hope用副词，故填sincerely。,6. (2021重庆二诊) It must take place in a _ (care) controlled environment, under the guidance of your doctor.,修饰动词的过去分词controlled，用副词。,carefully,sincerely,7. (2021重庆育才) Nancy was _ (bad) hurt and could only walk ,修饰谓语动词作状语，用副词。be badly hurt意为“严重地受伤了。,8. (2021四川成都) But when I do _ (eventual) speak to him, I will say sorry.,修饰动词应用副词，故填eventually。,eventually,badly,9. (2021山东师大附中) The exam was _(particular) important because he knew his future career might be at stake(在紧要关头).,修饰形容词(important)作状语，用副词。,10. (2021东北师大附中) However, before I got on the bike, I felt _ (extreme) nervous and I was afraid that I would fall off ,修饰形容词(nervous)，用副词。,particularly,extremely,11. (2021河北名校联考)You can imagine how _ (terrible) shy I was with so many eyes fixed upon me.,修饰形容词shy作状语，要用副词。,12. (2021福建五校) _ (actual), children learn violent behavior from adults or from,作状语，放在句首，修饰全句，用副词，故填Actually。,terribly,Actually,13. (2021衡水中学) _ ( obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.,作状语，修饰整个句子，用副词，故填Obviously。,14. (2021哈师大附中)He laughed and waved,at the boy, who did _ (exact) the same thing.,表示“正好，恰恰，修饰名词短语the same thing，用副词。,Obviously,exactly,15. (2021衡水中学)If you always go to bed,and get up at about the same time, this will set,a _ (health) rhythm in your life.,在名词前作定语要用形容词，故填healthy。,16. (2021福建)My classmates attended _ (vary) events such as running, high jump and long jump.,在名词前作定语要用形容词。,healthy,various,17. (2021哈师大附中) I couldnt imagine what it is like to lose your home and everything that you know and the _ (power) effect the hurricane had on those people.,在名词,(effect),前作定语要用形容词。,powerful,18. (2021衡水中学)We can start the habit by writing summaries and remember to record something _ (impress) and meaningful.,由,and,可知，要与形容词,meaningful,词性一致,一起作,something,的后置定语，故填形容词,impressive(,给人印象深刻的,),。,impressive,19. (2021衡水中学) Otherwise, you may get so _(interest) that you wont want to go to sleep even when you feel sleepy.,在系动词get后作表语要用形容词，表示“(人)感兴趣的用v.-ed形式作形容词。,20. (2021东北师大附中) The bike was a birthday present from my uncle. You can imagine how _(excite) I was when I saw the bike,作was的表语用形容词，表示“感到冲动的用excited。,interested,excited,21. (2021山东师大附中)Although he had revised the same things again and again, he wasnt sure at all how _(succeed) he would be.,在句中作表语要用形容词。,22. (2021宁夏银川)I heard that listening to classical music is _(help) in reducing stress.,作表语用形容词。,successful,helpful,23. (2021海南七校) Some think it is _ (convenience) to get in touch with others with the cell-phone,固定句型It is convenient to do sth.意为“做某事很方便。,24. (2021宁夏银川)Theres clear _ (evident) that people who listen to lively music are lively people.,在there be后要用名词，作句子的主语。,evidence,convenient,25. (2021福建五校) more and more students would drop out of school if their personal _ (safe) could not be guaranteed.,在条件状语从句中作主语要用名词，或者根据在形容词性物主代词后应当用名词，故填safety。,safety,26. (2021重庆二诊)The best speed _,(eat) train their stomachs to expand.,本句谓语动词是train，要填的词是主语，故用名词，表示“这些吃东西的人，故用eaters。,eaters,27. (2021河北名校联考) I had no _ (choose) but to prepare for it, though.,因作动词,have,的宾语，要用名词；另外，,have no choice but to do sth.(,除,外，别无选择,),是固定搭配。,choice,28. (2021衡水中学)There is a famous saying “Good habits lead to good endings, which shows the _ (important) of habits.,作动词show的宾语，用名词，故填importance。,importance,29. (2021四川成都)Nevertheless, apologies might be an important social tool as they reaffirm (重新确认) the _(exist) of rules that need to be observed.,作动词reaffirm的宾语，用名词；或者根据在the 与of 之间一定是填名词，故填existence。,existence,30. (2021四川绵阳) The students use a video game controller to direct its _ (move) in the tank.,在形容词性物主代词its后，要用名词，作动词direct的宾语，故填movements，用复数表示泛指。,31.(2021黑龙江哈三中) A farmer once organized a _(compete) between his dog and his rabbit.,作动词organized的宾语，用名词，故填competition。,movements,competition,32. (2021河北名校联考)Actually with my _ (confident) building up, I now turn out to be a great speaker.,作介词with的宾语用名词，或根据在形容词性物主代词(my)后面，要用名词。,33. (2021重庆育才)Nancy could only walk with great _(difficult).,作with的宾语，用名词，with great difficulty意为“很困难地。,confidence,difficulty,34. (2021贵州贵阳) I went off in search of him in hopes that I could _(unite) him with his owners.,情态动词后要接动词原形，而unite本身就是动词；根据句意“我希望能让它(这条小狗)和它的主人再次团聚，故填reunite。,reunite,35. Actually, I _(agree) with you over this matter. I have my own view.,36. The benefits and _,(advantage) of ability grouping can be listed as follows.,disagree,disadvantages,37. I am sorry I _ (understand) what you said.,misunderstood,38. It was important for you to _ (write) the essay to polish it according to the editors suggestion.,rewrite,39. The village is far away from the county, and they find it _(convenience) if buses are not available.,40. You will be fined if you smoke in public in Hong Kong because it is _(legal) to do so.,inconvenient,illegal,41. In most countries, it is _ (polite) to ask about other peoples income.,42. It was _(possible) for anyone,to get in because no one knew the password.,43. He got _(patient) as the first hour passed and then another.,impatient,impolite,impossible,44. She was taken to hospital suffering from an _,(regular) heartbeat.,45. She is not easy to get along with. I find her very cool and _(friendly).,46. To most young children, being laughed at by others is an _,(pleasant) experience.,irregular,unfriendly,unpleasant,47. We have some _ (finished) business to settle.,48. If you are _ (willing) to go, dont hesitate to say no.,unfinished,unwilling,49. She failed to _,(lock) the safe in spite of all her efforts, so she asked him to help her open it.,unlock,50. It was an _ (believable) moment when Chris won the gold medal.,51. Many cities in China now have direct or _ (stop) flights to Beijing.,52. We must _ (large) our views by reading.,unbelievable,non-stop,enlarge,53. He was absent from an _ (national) conference in Geneva.,54. Some of the _ (village) had noted the number of the truck.,international,villagers,55. Over 300 _ (compete) from more than 80 countries competed in the Games.,56. Today _
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