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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,小升初语法班,语法是句子结构的基础，,万丈高楼平地起。,单词是一砖一瓦,而语法则是链接这一砖一瓦的水泥,第一天,名词变复数,Whats this?,What are these?,Whats this?,What are these?,Whats this?,What are these?,一： 可数名词的单复数变化规则,定义：可数名词分为单数和复数。,名词单数就是该词本身， 在其前面加,“a”,或,“an”,1),单数名词,如：,a desk(,一张桌子,),an old,desk(,一张旧书桌,),什么时候用,“a”,什么时候用,“an”,a用在以辅音音素读音开头的单前,an用在以元音音素读音开头的单词前,hat,European,book,useful book,apple,onion,egg,hour,1:,一般在词尾加s，,如：,book-,books，,bag-,bags,2:,以,s、x、ch、sh,结尾的名词加,e,s，,如,: bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches, class-classes, sandwich-sandwiches,3:,以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es，读iz；,如：,baby babies , boy boys,story-stories, candy-candies, country-countries,区别： 元音字母,+y,结尾的名词变复数时，,直接加,“s”,变复数。,（元音字母有,a e i o u,）,monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays boy-boys,4.,以o结尾的名词加es 的有：,Negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes.,口诀： 黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿,其余的,以o结尾的名词,，加s。,如：,zoozoos photophotos,5.,以f、fe结尾的名词变f、fe为ves,如：,wolfwolves wife wives life lives knife knives,leaf-leaves,thief-thieves,half-halves shelf-shelves,6.,单复同形的名词有：,Chinese Japanese sheep deer fish,注意：,fish,当一条鱼讲时，单复数同形， 如,three fish.,当强调鱼的种类时，要加,es.,如：,all kindskaindz of fishes .,各种各样的鱼,当鱼肉讲时，不可数。,7.,名词复数的不规则变化：,manmen woman women toothteeth footfeet goose geese mousemice childchildren,常见不可数名词，不可数名词没有复数形式。,water(水) milk(牛奶) tea(茶) rice(米饭),orange（橙汁）juice（果汁）bread（面包）,不可数名词的数量关系可借助量词表示，如。acupofteatwocupsoftea,How many修饰可数名词,There are,some,books on the table?,(,对划线部分提问,),How many books are there on the table?,特殊疑问句：,How many,的用法：,（1）对there be句型中主语的数量如:some,five,only one等提问时,如果主语是可数名词,不管主语是单数还是复数一般都用复数形式提问,因为问话人不知道具体的数量是多少,而且many只能接可数名词复数形式,所以be一定要用are.即用How many+可数名词复数+are there+地点/时间状语?的句型结构.例如:,1.There is a book on the desk.,(用how many改为特殊疑问句),How many books are there on the desk?,规律总结：,how many用来修饰可数名词的复数,句式：,How many+复数名词+一般疑问句?,记忆口诀,how many在句首,名词复数跟着走,一般问句紧相随,其它成分不要丢.,How much修饰不可数名词,How much rice do you have?,How much还有个用法是How many没有的,就是问价格,例如：,How much is the hat?帽子多少钱?,用many,much 填空：,1.How _ is that skirt?,2. How _ people are there in your family?,3. How _ rice do you need?,4. I have _toys in my house.,5. How _ bread is there in the box?,1. -What do you eat for your breakfast?,- I eat _.,A. a egg and some breads,B. an egg and some bread,C. an egg and some breads,2. I want _ apple juice. I feel very thirsty.,A.a B. a glass of C. a pair of,3. How many _ can I take?,A. orange B. oranges C. apple,Thank you!,
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