电子商务英语课件1

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,实用,电子商务,英语,学习指导,电子商务在现代生活中的位置越来越重要，它的出现不仅为企业提供了创造效益的平台，而且也极大的方便了用户的使用，逐渐成为商务活动中占主导位置的形式。随着计算机及通信技术的发展，为电子商务发展提供了更加广阔的空间。,Unit 1 Introduction to Electronic,Commerce,本章主要介绍了以下内容：,什么是电子商务,电子商务的类型,电子商务的发展,com,的繁荣、破灭和重生,电子商务的优势,电子商务的劣势,1.1 Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business,To many people, the term electronic commerce means shopping on the part of the Internet. However, electronic commerce (or e-commerce) also includes many other activities, such as businesses trading with other businesses and internal processes that companies use to support their buying, selling, hiring, planning, and other activities.,Some people use the term electronic business (or e-business) when they are,talking about electronic commerce in this broader sense. For example, IBM defines electronic business as the transformation of key business processes through the use of Internet technologies.,Most people use the terms electronic commerce and electronic business interchangeably. In this book, the term electronic commerce (or e-commerce) is,used in its broadest sense and includes all,business activities conducted using electronic data transmission technologies.,The most common technology used is the Internet, but other technologies, such as wireless transmissions on mobile telephone and personal digital assistant (PDA) devices, are also included.,1.2 Categories of Electronic Commerce,Some people find it useful to categorize electronic commerce by the types of entities participating in the transactions or business processes. The five general electronic commerce categories are business-to-consumer, business-to-business, business processes, consumer-to-consumer, and business-to-government.,The three categories that are most commonly used are:,Consumer shopping on the Web, often called business-to-consumer (or B2C),Transactions conducted between businesses on the Web, often called business-to-,business(or,B2B),Transactions and business processes that companies, governments, and other organizations undertake on the Internet to support selling and purchasing activities.,To understand these categories better, consider a company that manufactures stereo speakers. The company,might sell its finished product to consumers on the Web, which would be B2C electronic commerce.,It might also purchase the materials it uses to make the speakers from other companies on the Web, which would be B2B electronic commerce.,Businesses often have entire departments devoted to negotiating purchase transactions with their suppliers. These departments are usually named supply management or procurement. Thus, B2B electronic commerce is sometimes called e-procurement.,In addition to buying materials and selling speakers, the company must also undertake many other activities to convert the,purchased,materials into,speakers.,These activities might include hiring and managing the people who make the speakers, renting or buying the facilities in which the speakers are made and stored, shipping the speakers, maintaining accounting records, purchasing insurance, developing advertising campaigns, and designing new versions of the speakers.,An increasing number of these transactions and business processes can be done on the Web. Manufacturing processes (such as the,fabrication of the speakers),can be controlled using,Internet technologies within,the business.,All of these communication, control, and transaction-related activities have become important parts of electronic commerce. Some people include these activities in the B2B category; others refer to them as underlying or supporting business processes.,figure 1-1,Elements of Electronic Commerce,Figure 1-1 shows the three main elements of electronic commerce. The figure presents a rough approximation of the relative sizes of these elements. In terms of dollar volume and number of transactions, B2B electronic commerce is much greater than B2C electronic commerce.,However, the number of supporting business processes is greater than that of B2C and B2B transactions combined.,The large oval in Figure 1-1 that represents the business processes that support selling and purchasing activities is the largest element of electronic commerce.,Some researchers define a fourth category of electronic commerce, called consumer-,to-consumer (or C2C), which includes individuals who buy and sell items among themselves.,For example, C2C electronic commerce occurs when a person sells an item through a Web auction site to another person. In this book, C2C sales are included in the B2C category because the person selling the item acts much as a business would for purposes of the transaction.,Finally, some researchers also define a category of electronic commerce as business-to-government (or B2G). This category includes business,transactions with government agencies, such as paying taxes and filing required reports.,An increasing number of states have Web sites that help companies do business with state government agencies. For example, the CAL-Buy site makes it easy for businesses to conduct online transactions with the State of California. In this book, B2G transactions are included in our discussions of B2B electronic commerce.,Over the thousands of years that people have engaged in commerce with one another, they have adopted the tools and technologies that became available. For example,1.3 The Development and Growth of Electronic Commerce,the advent of sailing ships in ancient times opened new avenues of trade to buyers and sellers.,Later innovations, such as the printing press, steam engine, and telephone, have each changed the way in which people conduct commerce activities.,The Internet has changed the way people buy, sell, hire, and organize business activities in more ways and more rapidly than any other technology has in the history of business.,Although the Web has made online shopping possible for many businesses and individuals in a broader sense, electronic commerce has existed for many years. For more than 30 years, banks have been employing electronic funds transfers (,EFTs, also called wire transfers), which are electronic transmissions of account exchange information over private communication networks.,Businesses also have been engaging in a type of electronic commerce, known as electronic data interchange, for many,years. Electronic data interchange (EDI) occurs when one business transmits computer-readable data in a standard format to another business.,In the 1960s, businesses realized that many of the documents they exchanged were related to the shipping of goods, for example, invoices, purchase orders, and bills of lading. These documents included the same set of information for almost every transaction.,Businesses also realized that they were spending a good deal of time and money entering this data into their computers, printing paper forms, and then reentering the data on the other side of the transaction. Although the purchase order, invoice, and bill of lading for each transaction contained much of the same information-such as item numbers, descriptions, prices, and quantities-each paper form usually had its own unique format for presenting that information.,By creating a set of standard formats for transmitting that information electronically, businesses were able to reduce errors, avoid,printing and mailing costs, and eliminate the need to reenter the data.,Businesses that engage in EDI with each other are called trading partners. The U.S. government, which is one of the largest EDI trading partners in the world, also was instrumental in bringing businesses into EDI. For nine years, ending in 2001, the Defense Logistics Agency operated a number of Electronic Commerce Resource Centers (,ECRCs,) throughout the country.,The,ECRCs,provided free assistance to many businesses, especially smaller businesses, so they could do EDI with the U.S. Defense Department and other federal agencies.,The Georgia Institute of Technology continues to operate one of these centers as the Georgia Tech Electronic Commerce Resource Center, which serves businesses in Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee.,Between 1997 and 2000 more than 12,000 Internet-related businesses were started with more than $100 billion of investors money. In an extended burst of optimism and what many came to describe as irrational exuberance, investors feared that they might miss the money-making opportunity of a lifetime.,1.4 The Dot-Com Boom, Bust, and Rebirth,As more investors competed for a fixed number of good ideas, the price of those ideas increased. Worse, a number of bad ideas were proposed and funded. More than 5000 of these companies went out of business,or were acquired,in the downturn that,began in 2000.,The media coverage of the dot-com bust was extensive. However, between 2000 and 2003, more than $200 billion was invested in purchasing electronic commerce businesses that were in trouble and starting new online ventures, according to industry research firm Web Mergers.,This second wave of financial investment has not been reported extensively in either the general or business media, but it is fueling a rebirth of growth in online business activity.,After seeing so many new stories during the period from 2000 through 2002 proclaiming the death of electronic commerce, many people are surprised to find that the growth in online B2C sales had continued through that period, although at a slower pace than during the boom years of the late 1990s.,hus, the bust that was so widely reported in the media was really more of a slowdown than a true collapse. After four years of doubling or tripling every year, growth in online sales slowed to an annual rate of 20 to 30 percent starting in 2001.,Most experts expect this growth rate to continue over the next several years.,One force driving the growth in online sales to consumers is the ever increasing number of people who have access to the Internet. The Pew Internet & American Life Project (funded by the Pew Charitable Trusts) began conducting several long-term research projects in 2000 to study the growth of the Internet and its effects on society.,You can consult its Web site for the latest reports on these projects. In 2004, a Pew research project found that two-thirds of Internet users have purchased at least one item online.,Firms are interested in electronic commerce because, quite simply, it can help increase profits. Just as electronic commerce increases sales opportunities for the seller, it increases purchasing opportunities for the buyer.,1.5 Advantages of Electronic Commerce,Businesses can use electronic commerce to identify new suppliers and business partners. Negotiating price and delivery terms is easier in electronic commerce because the Internet can help companies efficiently obtain competitive bid information.,Electronic commerce increases the speed and accuracy with which businesses can exchange information,which reduces costs on both sides of transactions.,Many companies are reducing their costs of handling sales inquiries, providing price quotes, and determining product availability by using electronic commerce in their sales support and order-taking processes.,The benefits of electronic commerce extend to the general welfare of society. Electronic payments of tax refunds, public retirement, and welfare support cost less to issue and arrive securely and quickly when transmitted over the Internet.,Furthermore, electronic payments can be easier to audit and monitor than payments made by check, providing protection against fraud and theft losses.,othe,extent that electronic commerce enables people to telecommute, everyone benefits from the reduction in commuter-caused traffic jam and pollution. Electronic commerce can also make products and services available in remote areas.,For example, distance education is making it possible for people,to learn skills and earn degrees no matter where they live or which hours they are available for study.,Some business processes may never lend themselves to electronic commerce. For example, perishable foods and high-cost, unique items, such as custom-designed jewelry, might be impossible to inspect adequately from a remote location, regardless of any technologies that might be devised in the future.,1.6 Disadvantages of Electronic Commerce,Most of the disadvantages of electronic commerce today, however, stem from the newness and rapidly developing pace of the underlying technologies. These disadvantages will disappear as electronic commerce matures and becomes more available to and accepted by the general population.,internal /,int:nl,/,a.,内在的,国内的,（,反,external,外部的）,hire /,hai,/,n.,租金,工钱,租用,雇用,;,vt,.,雇请,出租,; vi.,受雇,interchange /,intteind,/,vt,. (,指两人等,),交换,; v.,相互交换,categorize / ,ktigraiz,/,v.,加以类别,分类,Vocabulary,participate /,p:tisipeit,/,vi.,参与,参加,分享,分担,stero,- prefix,表示“立体,”,的意思,procurement /,prkjumnt,/,n.,获得,取得,rent /rent/,v.,租,租借,出租,; n.,租金,fabrication /,fbrikein,/,n.,制作,构成,伪造物,装配工,approximation /,prksmein,/,n.,接近,走近, /,数,/,近似值,engage /,ingeid,/,vt,.,使忙碌,雇佣,预定,使从事于,使参加,; vi.,答应,从事,交战, /,机,/,接合,advent / ,dvnt,/,n. (,尤指不寻常的人或事,),出现,到来,auction / ,:kn,/,n.,拍卖,;,vt,.,拍卖,avenue / ,vinju,:/,n.,林荫道,大街,方法,途径,路,innovation /,inuvein,/,n.,改革,创新,invoice / ,invis,/,n.,发票,发货单,货物,;,v.,开发票,记清单,instrumental /,instrumentl,/,a.,仪器的,器械的,乐器的,boom /,bu:m,/,n.,繁荣,隆隆声,;,v.,发隆隆声,兴隆,迅速发展,bust /,bst,/,v.,破灭,investor /,invest,/,n.,投资者,optimism / ,ptimizm,/,n.,乐观,乐观主义,（,反, pessimism,悲观主义）,irrational /,irnl,/,a.,无理性的,失去理性的,exuberance /,igzju:brns,/,n.,茂盛,丰富,健康,downturn / ,daunt:n,/,n.,低迷时期,venture /,vent,/,n.,冒险,投机,风险,;,v.,冒险,冒昧,斗胆,胆敢,(,谦语,),triple / ,tripl,/,n.,三倍数,三个一组,;,a.,三倍的,;v.,成三倍,增至三倍,access / ,kses,/,n.,通路,访问,入门,;,vt,.,存取,接近,bid /bid/,vt,.,出价,投标,祝愿,命令,吩咐,;,n.,出价,投标,; v.,支付,quote /,kwut,/,vt,.,引用,引证,提供,提出,报,(,价,),audit / ,:dit,/,n.,审计,稽核,查帐,;,vt,.,稽核,旁听,; vi.,查账,fraud /,fr:d,/,n.,欺骗,欺诈行为,诡计,骗子,假货,;,telecommute /,telikmju:t,/,vi. (,在家里通过使用与工作单位连接的计算机终端,),远距离工作,;,vt,.,通讯,perishable / ,peribl,/,adj.,容易腐烂的,mature /,mtju,/,adj.,成熟的,到期的,充分考虑的, (,票据等,),到期的,;,vt,.,使成熟,; vi.,成熟,到期,integrate / ,intigreit,/,vt,.,使成整体,使一,体化,求,.,的积分,v.,结合,conduct / ,kndkt,/,n.,行为,操行,;,v.,引导,管理,为人,传导,Oval / ,uvl,/,a.,卵形的，椭圆形的,n.,卵形,椭圆形,Phrases,e-commerce,电子商务（本书采用此做电子商务的专有名词）,e-business,电子商务,finished product,成品,purchase order,采购订单,bills of lading,提货单,Georgia Tech Electronic Commerce Resource Center,佐治亚电子商务技术资源中心,go out of business,倒闭,online business,网上企业,Pew Charitable Trusts,教友慈善信托基金,stem from,由,.,发生，滋生,Abbreviations,PDA,personal digital assistant,个人数字终端,B2C,business-to-consumer,企业对消费者,B2B,business-to-business,企业对企业,C2C,consumer-to-consumer,消费者对消费者,B2G,business-to-government,消费者对政府,EFT,electronic funds transfer,电子资金转移,ECRCs,Electronic Commerce Resource Centers,电子商务资源中心,Notes to the Passage,1.,注意以下,4,个词的不同含义：,transform,vt,.,使变化；改变,transfer,vt,. & vi.,迁移，移转,transmit,vt,.,传（播）送，传送（光、热）,transact,vt,. & vi.,办理,处理；交易,2.,在英语中，采取“名词”,+“-”+“,分词（或形容词）”的形式，起到对名词做修饰和加强的作用，如本文中的：,transaction-related(,相关交易的,), computer-readable,（计算机可读的）,money-making,（制造货币的，获取利润的）,order-taking,（采取订单的）,commuter-caused,（通讯引起的）,3.IBM defines electronic business as the transformation of key business processes through the use of Internet technologies.,IBM,公司认为,e-business,是,使用互联网技术进行的关键业务流程转移,。,defineas,将,定义为,4.Some people find it useful to categorize electronic commerce by the types of entities participating in the transactions or business processes.,有些人认为可以按参与交易的实体或企业的流程方对电子商务进行分类。,这里,participating,做后置定语，修饰,entities,。,5.Businesses often have entire departments devoted to negotiating purchase transactions with their suppliers.,企业往往会设立专门的部门负责同供应商谈判采购交易。,6.In terms of dollar volume and number of transactions,从交易额和交易量来看,in terms of,表示“依据,”,。,7.Over the thousands of years that people have engaged in commerce with one another,在过去几千年的贸易实践中，,engage,表示人们之间从事贸易的活动,8.The Internet has changed the way people buy, sell, hire, and organize business activities in more ways and more rapidly than any other technology has in the history of business.,互联网则比此前其他任何工具更大范围、更迅速地改变了人们采购、销售、招聘员工、组织业务活动的方式。这里，（,that,）,people buy ,做定语从句。,9.More than 5000 of these companies went out of business or were acquired in the downturn that began in 2000.,在,2000,年开始的低迷期中，有五千多家互联网公司倒闭或被并购。这里的,be acquired,表示“被并购”的含义。,10.Electronic commerce increases the speed and accuracy with which businesses can exchange information, which reduces costs on both sides of transactions.,电子商务提高了企业间信息交换的速度和准确性，降低了交易双方的成本。,这里的 “,which”,均指“,electronic commerce”,。,11.Some consumers are still fearful of sending their credit card numbers over the Internet and having online merchants-merchants they have never met-know so much about them.,一些消费者不愿在互联网上发送信用卡号码，也担心从未谋面的网上商店过于了解自己的隐私。“,sending their credit card”,与“,having online merchants”,均为,be fearful of,的宾语。,Exercises,1. Comprehension Exercises,1).How does IBM define e-commerce?,2).What are the three categories that,are most commonly used?,3).What is the key function in the,development of e-commerce?,4). When is the downturn for the Internet?,5). Now, are all business processes suitable to electronic commerce?,2. Exercises to terms and vocabularies,A. Please translate the following phrases into English.,成品 网上企业,提货单 拍卖,采购部门 倒闭,B. Please translate the following phrases into Chinese.,money-rich,web-enabled,access to the Internet,stem from,transactions between businesses,credit card,3. Translation Exercises,Translate the following passage into Chinese:,The benefits of electronic commerce extend to the general welfare of society. Electronic payments of tax refunds, public retirement, and welfare support cost less to issue and arrive securely and quickly when transmitted over the Internet.,Furthermore, electronic payments can be easier to audit and monitor than that made by check, providing protection against fraud and theft losses. To the extent that electronic commerce enables people to telecommute, everyone benefits from the reduction in commuter-caused traffic and pollution. Electronic commerce can also make products and services available in remote areas.,