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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,2012CET4,你知道四级的答题顺序吗,?,作文,完型填空,翻译,听力,快速阅读,选词填空,传统阅读,在答题纸,1,上作答,完成后交答题纸,1.,剩下题目在答卡,2,上作答,.,改变传统的英语考试先做听力，再做阅 读，最后写作文的习惯。,一进考场就集中注意力写作文。等试题册发下来后，抓紧时间做快速阅读。,交了答题卡,1,后，准备做听力。,作文在答题纸,1,上，其他题目在试题册上。,作文和快速阅读在答题纸,1,上作答，完成后交答题纸,1,。,剩下题目在答卡,2,上作答。,注意 （,1,）,你知道四级的答题时间吗,?,作文,(30),完型填空,(15),翻译,(5),听力,(35),快速阅读,(15),选词填空,传统阅读,在答题纸,1,上作答,完成后交答题纸,1.,剩下题目在答卡,2,上作答,.,25,125,分钟,因为,答题纸,1,要提前交,，所以一定要抓紧时,间做作文和快速阅读，必须在规定时间内,完成。,做完听力后，剩下,45,分钟时间,，要完成的,题目有：选词填空，两篇阅读文章，完型,填空，翻译。,时间短，题量大，一定要注,意时间的分配。,注意（,2,）,你知道四级的分值分布吗,?,听力和阅读占,70%,。,所以四级考试的成绩主要由听力和阅读能力决定。,选词填空和传统阅读占,25%,，完型填空占,10%,。翻译占,5%,。,完型比较难，翻译分值少，建议不要在这两个题目上花太多时间。,注意（,3,）,2011,年,12,月全国大学英语六级考试报考资格,(,符合以,下条件之一,):,1.,大学英语四级考试成绩达到,425,分,以上（含,425,分）的在校大学生，,2.,大学英语四级网考成绩达到,425,分以上（含,425,分）的在校大学生，,3. 2005,年,6,月以前已获得大学英语四级证书的在校大学生。,全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会,2011,年,8,月,25,日,你知道考多少分才能报考六级吗,?,你知道考怎么报考四级口试吗,?,全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会网站：,2009,年,12,月全国大学英语四、六级考试口语考试报名工作即,将开始，现将有关事宜通知如下。,一报名资格：,1,）参加,2005,年,6,月至,2009,年,6,月全国大学英语四、六级考试，且四级成绩为,550,分,以上（含,550,分）或六级成绩为,520,分以上（含,520,分）；,2,）参加,2008,年,12,月、,2009,年,6,月全国大学英语四级考试（网考），成绩为,550,分以上（含,550,分）；,3,）参加,2005,年,1,月（含）以前全国大学英语四、六级考试并已获得四、六级证书的在校学生，且四级成绩为,80,分以上（含,80,分）或六级成绩为,75,分以上（含,75,分）。,二考试日期：,2009,年,11,月,28,29,日（两天）。,三报名时间：,2009,年,10,月,26,日,09:00,时至,31,日,16:30,截止。,四报名方式： 口语考试采用网上报名方式。考生自主选择一个考点报名参加考试。因考点容量所限，报名额满为止。,五,报名费：,每名考生报名费为,50,元。,2009,年,12,月口语考试报名通知,8,：,50-9,：,00,试音时间,9,：,00-9,：,10,播放考场指令，发放作文考卷,9,：,10,取下耳机，开始作文考试 作文（,9,：,10- 9,：,40,）,9,：,35,发放含有快速阅读的试题册,快速阅读（,9,：,40- 9,：,55,）,9,：,55-10,：,00,收答题卡一,10,：,00-11,：,20,所有题目在答题卡二上作答,听力（,10,：,00-10,：,35,）,仔细阅读理解（,10,：,35-11,：,00,）完形填空（,11,：,00-11,：,15,）,翻译（,11,：,15-11,：,20,）收答题卡二,时间流程表,三段落式,(TS),切题语言连贯,语言第一位,结构第二位,内容第三位,一：写作,2,分,条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。,5,分,基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。,6,8,分,基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。,9-,11,分,切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。,14,分,切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。,.,大学生话题,大学生话题：主要涉及大学生的校园学习、生活、择业及人生观等方面,A.,学习：,On Students Selecting Lecturers,（,2006, 6 New,）,Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary,？ （,2000, 6,）,How I Finance My College Education,？ （,2000, 1,）,Reading Selectively or Extensively,？ （,1999, 6,）,How I Overcame My Difficulties in Learning English,？ （,1992, 6,）,B.,生活：,Volunteers Needed,（,2006, 6 Old,）,Teachers Day,（,2005, 6,）,A Campaign Speech,（,2005, 1,）,The Day My Classmate Fell Ill/Got Injured,（,2003,9,）,A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus.,（,2002, 1,）,C.,择业、人生观：,How to Succeed in a Job Interview,（,2001, 1,）,Advantages of a Job Interview,（,1995, 6,）,My Ideal Job,（,1994, 6,）,Is Failure a Bad Thing,？ （,1992, 1,）,话题,.,社会热点话题,社会热点话题：与普通百姓社会生活紧密相关的话题，如：环境话题、交通话题、休闲娱乐、疾病与健康等话题。,An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident,（,2003, 6,）,It Pays to Be Honest,（,2003, 1,）,Dont Hesitate to Say “No”,（,1999, 1,）,Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck,？ （,1998, 6,）,Harmfulness of Fake Commodities,（,1998, 1,）,Global Shortage of Fresh Water,（,1996, 6,）,Can Money Buy Happiness,？ （,1995, 1,）,The World is Getting Smaller and Smaller,（,1994, 1,）,My Most Favorite Program,（,1993, 6,）,Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports,（,1993, 1,）,Changes in Peoples Diet,（,1991, 6,）,Bicycles An Important Means of Transport in China,（,1991, 1,）,Make Our City Greener,（,1990, 6,）,.,大学生和社会热点话题,Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourist,？（,2005, 12,）,The Two-Day Weekend,（,1996, 1,）,1.,正反观点型：,要不要取消春晚（,2006,，,12,）大学校园是否要开放（,2005,，,12,），口语考试要不要考（,2000,，,6,），精读还是泛读（,1999,，,6,），幸运数字带不带来好运（,1998,，,6,）钱能带来幸福与否（,1995,，,1,），对失败的态度（,1992,，,1,）,优缺点型：娱乐活动的益处和坏处（）双休日带来的好处和坏处（,1996,，,1,）面试的优点（,1995,，,6,）,2.,原因现象分析题：,选择选修课的因素（,2007,，,12,）选择大学任课教师（,2006,，,6new,），做人要诚实（,2003,，,1,），不要犹豫说,“,不,”,的原因等（,1999,，,1,）假冒伪劣产品（,1998,，,1,），纯净水的短缺（,1996,，,6,），世界越来越小（,1994,，,1,）我最喜爱的电视节目及原因（,1993,，,6,），自行车流行原因与汽车相比优缺点及前途（,1991,，,1,），绿化城市的好处和如何实现（,1990,1),3.,解决问题型：,怎样取得面试成功（,2001,，,1,），怎样支付大学学费（,2000,，,1,），怎样了解社会的途径（,1997,，,6,），我的理想工作及如何准备（,1994,，,6,），怎样克服英语学习中的困难（,1992,，,6,）,图表：大学生使用计算机（,2002,，,6,），人们饮食的变化（,1991,，,6,）,4.,信件：,欢迎加入社团（,2007,，,6,）招募志愿者活动辞,(2006,6),，给老师的感谢信（,2005,，,6,），竞选学生会的演讲稿（,2005,，,1,），导游介绍（,2004,，,1,），建议朋友报考专业信（,2003,，,12,），帮助同学的感想（,2004,，,1,），食堂投诉信（,2002,，,1,），同学来访度假安排信（,2001,，,6,）,5.,谚语题：熟能生巧（,1997,，,1,）,描写文：车祸情况描述和原因分析文（,2003,，,6,）,1,“,启,”,。,按顺序：,First, Firstly, First of all, At first, In the first place, In the beginning, To begin with, To start with, For one thing, On the one hand,当前：,Now, At present, recently, lately,一般而言：,In general, generally speaking, as a matter of fact,2,“,承,”,。,按顺序：,second, secondly, beside this, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more,举例子：,for example/instance, as an example, as another example; namely,换言之：,in other words, in particular,扩展：,after that, afterwards, from now on, similarly, meanwhile, at the same time,3,“,转,”,。,转折：,but, yet, however, nevertheless, though, although, despite, in spite of,on the contrary, unlike, on the other hand,4,“,合,”,。,结尾,: In conclusion; In short; In summary; Therefore; Thus; To sum up; To conclude; consequently, To summarize; Briefly; Above all; As a result; at last; eventually; accordingly;,结构：常用的,“,启、承、转、合,”,表达方法,认为：,assume / argue / hold / claim / suggest / declare / say / believe / insist/ maintain /suppose that,in my opinion/in my view/in my point of view/as far as I know/as far as I,m concerned/ as for me,重要的：,important/significant/be of great value/be of great significance/be of great use,很多：,many, a multitude of, an army of, an ocean of , A great / large / huge / considerable / significant / noticeable number / amount/ quantity / portion of,越来越多,more and more/ a growing number of /an increasing number of/on the rise,大多的：,the (vast / overwhelming) majority of,人：,people-folks, individuals, characters,支持,/,反对者：,followers/ objectors, be in favor of the idea that,语言：,1.,词汇替换,Apparently,，,evidently,，,however, surely, indeed, briefly, fortunately ,amazingly,，,undoubtedly most important of all ,even worse ,strange enough, after all, to one,s surprise, to be exact, roughly speaking, in other words, as a matter of fact,2.,插入语,generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm hearted, hospitable,good：favorable, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, perfect, etc.,bad：unfavorable, harmful, adverse, poisonous ,etc.,3.,具体化,大学英语四级考试 写作知识与技巧,（一） 四级作文的考试要求,1.,考生应在,30,分钟,内，根据题目要求及写作提纲或规定情节，图表等写出,120,字以上，语言比较规范的短文。,No more than 180s.,2.,要求“内容切题，包括提纲的全部要点，表达清楚，文字连贯。句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。”,（三）四级作文通病分析,通过对历年英语短文写作考生答卷的分析，考生写作时已具有较大的主动性和创造性。绝大多数考生都有一定的英语基础，也已经基本上掌握了表达自己观点和想法的词汇和语法知识。但从整体得分来看，多数考生短文写作成绩却不尽人意。分数主要集中在5-9分。,考生普遍存在着普遍的问题是思维单调，例证堆切，简单罗例数据，片面描绘画面，缺乏主题提升等方面的通病。究其原因，一方面存在着教学过程中忽略了对学生书面表达能力的培养，学生缺乏适量的作文训练；另一方面，还有些考生对英语短文写作的考试要求不十分明确，靠背几篇范文，压几道题，抱着碰运气的态度，就仓促上阵。,（四）四级作文常见的十大症结,1.,大小写，标点符号，拼写错误,;,2.,卷面不洁，字迹潦草，用铅笔写作；,3.,语法和结构错误，造成文章结构松散，脱节；,4.,代词，连接词或逻辑顺序词错用，而造成文章的逻辑混乱；,5.,用中文思维加英文翻译所造成的语句生硬，错误；,5. 文不对题，部分跑题或主题不突出所造成 的文章不切题现象。,6. 词汇量匮乏，文章中难见高分词汇；,7. 语法不通，复合句使用错误多且表达不清；,8. 句型单一、句子无变化，表达方式单调;,9. 不会正确使用常用套语，文章缺少层次感；,10. 作文普遍缺乏文采，打动人的杰作奇缺。,2011,年,11,月,CET-4,PartI for this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay entitled,Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will,by commenting on the humours saying, “ Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I ve done it hundreds of times.” You should write at least,120,words but no more than,180 words,.,Part I Writing,【,标准版,】Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will,Nothing runs smoothly in our life. To achieve things successfully, a strong will is essential. Life is like a Marathon. Many people cant get to the terminal. This is not because they are lack of vitality but because their will of success is not strong enough.,To take quitting smoking as an example, some regard it as a piece of cake. They make up their minds to quit it in the morning, but in the evening they feel that the smell of cigarettes is tempting. Their throats are sore, their mouths are thirsty, and their hands are shaking. After the painful mental struggle, they tell themselves that “One cigarette is enough. Just take one, and the next day I will quit it.” By doing this, they surrender to their weak will. In the end, they have quitted smoking “a hundred times”, but in no time they succeed.,Just like quitting smoking, nothing succeeds without a strong will. To be successful in ones life, a strong will means that you know where you go and you will persist on the road you choose. Undoubtedly success belongs to those who overcome their weak will and who hang in there until the last minute.,【,文章点评,】,本文属于话题类作文，只看题目“,Nothing Succeeds without a strong will”,考生会觉得比较抽象，难以下手。细看题目说明中给出了提示，要求考生结合戒烟屡次不成功的幽默引语对该话题进行分析阐述。,总体来说，这是一篇“中等偏上”的考生作文。本文先点题指出“坚强意志”的重要性；第二段从反面举例阐述,具体描写了意志不坚定者的心理活动，阐述为什么会戒烟失败；最后从戒烟延伸到生活中的其他事情，并复述坚强意志的内涵，点题收尾。,总体上来看，文章思路清晰，采用了生动的比喻和形象的心理描写，语言流畅，用语地道。但一些重复表达（如第二段和第三段中的,weak will,）显得单调，可用,shaky ones, weak-willed persons,，,the strong-willed,等灵活表达。在备考中，多积累不同表达，相信会写出更生动的文章。,在论述上，叙述略显罗嗦。第二段心理描写过多，虽然流畅生动，但却使这篇考场作文超过了规定字数，反而成为失分点，这一点要引以为戒。,（五）考试作文类型及命题,1.,短文写作大致分为五种类型：,A.,记叙文,(Narration),B.,描写文（,Description,）,C.,说明文（,Exposition,）,D.,论说文（,Argumentation,）,E.,应用文（,Practical Writing,）,外语习得者要消灭写句子时的错误通常是不可能的，但是朝少犯错误、不犯严重错误的方向而努力奋斗，这应该是受到鼓励和劳有所报的过程。,正确无误的句子标准,1.,保持句子结构完整。,2.,首字母要大写。,3.,结尾要有句号或问号或感叹号或省略号。,4.,句子应表达一个完整的意思。,5.,句子前后要符合逻辑推理。,6.,主语为代词时要指代明晰。,7.,句子时态要正确，主要指前后一致或符合 上下文场景。,For example:,1.,From Shanghai, he at last became a high official in Beijing.,Note: This sentence is correct in grammar but not effective or logical in meaning, because his birthplace or former worksite does not ensure his promotion in Beijing. So this sentence lacks unity.,2.,Mr. Bush said to his brother that he had done a good job.,Note:,The reader is not sure whom “he” should be referred to. So this sentence lacks coherence.,1.,Xiao Li was born in a small village. The village was not printed on any map. His father was a teacher in the village school. He never left the village. Later he graduated from that school and entered a junior middle school in a town. On weekdays he had to live at school. Without parents there, he learned to look after himselfbuying food and washing clothes.,Note:,This is a childish composition, just as a diary from a pupil. As an adult, we are advised upon more sophisticated writing at least not that monotonic. So to be various in style is to be encouraged if a good essay tends to turn up.,让我们一起看一下四级写作的一些固定句式吧！,Fighting,表示原因的常用句型,1,）,There are three reasons for this.,2,）,The reasons for this are as follows.,3,）,The reason for this is obvious.,4,）,The reason for this is not far to seek.,5,）,The reason for this is that.,6,）,We have good reason to believe that.,例如：,There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly,，,peoples living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly,，,most people are well paid,，,and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least,，,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.,表示好处的常用句型,1,）,It has the following advantages.,2,）,It does us a lot of good.,3,）,It benefits us quite a lot.,4,）,It is beneficial to us.,5,）,It is of great benefit to us.,例如：,Books are like friends. They can help us know the world better,，,and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore,，,reading extensively is of great benefit to us.,表示坏处的常用句型,1,）,It has more disadvantages than advantages.,2,）,It does us much harm.,3,）,It is harmful to us.,With the rapid improvement of living standards, taxi has become an important means of transportation in China because of its reasonable price, its availability and the comfort it offers. In fact, many people depend on taxi to go to work and almost everyone has the experience of taking a taxi on special occasions. I am happy for not having buses as the only choice anymore.,表示事实、现状的常用句型,1,）,We cannot ignore the fact that.,2,）,No one can deny the fact that.,3,）,There is no denying the fact that.,4,）,This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.,5,）,However,，,thats not the case.,例如：,We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems,，,we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.,表示比较的常用句型,1,）,Compared with A,，,B.,2) AandBhasseveralpointsincommon.3)ItistruethatA.,butthechieffault B(obviousdefects)are.,4)AandBdifferinseveralways.,5)TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoseofB.,6,）,I prefer to read rather than watch TV.,7,）,There is a striking contrast between them.,例如：,Compared with cars,，,bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable. Firstly,，,they do not consume natural resources of petroleum. Secondly,，,they do not cause the pollution problem. Last but not least,，,they contribute to peoples health by giving them due physical exercise.,表示例举的,常用句型,1)Agoodcaseinpointis.,2)Asanillustration,wemaytake.,3)Suchexamplesmightbegiveneasily.,4).isoftencitedasanexample.,表示数量的常用句型,1,）,It has increased,（,decreased,）,from.to.,2,）,The population in this city has now increased,（,decreased,）,to 800,，,000.,3,）,The output of July in this factory increased by 15,compared with that of January.,表示看法的常用句型,1,）,People have,（,take,，,adopt,，,assume,）,different attitudes towards sth.,2,）,People have different opinions on this problem.,3,）,People take different views of,（,on,）,the question.,4,）,Some people believe that.Others argue that.,例如：,People have different attitudes towards failure. Some believe that failure leads to success.,Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor. However,，,others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.,再如：,Do “lucky numbers really bring good luck,？,Different people have different views on it.,表示结论的常用句型,1,）,In short,，,it can be said that .,2,）,It may be briefly summed up as follows.,3,）,From what has been mentioned above,，,we can come to the conclusion that .,部分常用套语,1,）,Its well known to us that .,2,）,As is known to us,，,.,3,）,This is a topic that is being widely talked about.,4,）,From the graph,（,table,，,chart,）,listed above,，,it can be seen that .,5,）,As a proverb says,，“,Where there is a will,，,there is a way.,开始正式写作了！你准备好了木有？,“学院式”作文是必要的，也就是三段式作文！,Title: Dining Out in a Fast Food Restaurant,要求：,1. Present situation for fast food.,2. Possible reasons for its popularity.,3. Prospects of fast food in China.,文章构思根据主题句将内容分为几个要点，再给出若干细节具体说明，如图所示：,Reasons for the popularity of Fast Food Restaurant,A variety of,fast food,Satisfy peoples,needs,Reasons,relax,Taste food,Washing,dishes,Traditional,Chinese food,Pizza,Reasonable,price,Listen to,music,French fries,hamburger,Do more,important thing,nutritious,Benefit,people a lot,Save time,and trouble,cooking,convenient,delicious,shopping,Cleaning up,tables,Dining Out in a Fast Restaurant,Nowadays, fast food is popular in China. Fast food restaurants have mushroomed everywhere and many working couples and school children now enjoy having their breakfast and lunch there.,Fast food restaurants are rapidly gaining popularity in China for quite a few reasons. Firstly, there are a variety of fast food available. If you are busy or tired of cooking, you may have American hamburgers, French fries, an Italian pizza or numerous traditional Chinese food cooked quickly by modern techniques for a change. The food often looks so nice and smells,So good that you cannot help trying it yourself. Secondly, fast food satisfies peoples needs. It is convenient, nutritious and delicious; the price is also reasonable so that everybody can afford it. Finally, with fast food, you can save time and a world trouble, such as shopping, cooking, cleaning up tables and washing greasy dishes. Consequently, it benefits people a lot. You may taste all kinds of food, listen to soft music, relax, and have time to do more important things.,Fast food has already changed our ways of living. With the rapid development of science and technology, fast food will give us better service and possibly will become indispensable to our modern life.,文章总体构建,1.,合理布局篇章结构,引言,Introduction,交代背景,Background ),点明主题,Thesis,概括性介绍文章的发展，内容和作者的观点,正文,Body,主题句,Topic S .,拓展句,Supporting S.,总结句,Conclusion S.,详细具体地展开（叙述，论述，说明）文章的话题和作者的态度,结论,Conclusion,小结,Summary,概括大意，重复要点，得出结论，提出建议,2.,写好引言，主体部分和结尾段落,3.,遵循科学的写作步骤,A.,审题,B.,组织素材,C.,撰写提纲,D.,行文,E.,修改与修订,3） 提问法通过提问一个或一连串的问题，可以激发读者的兴趣，从而引出主题。,a. Do you have many friends? Are they similar to you or different from you? Which kind of friends do you prefer?,b. What is a good student? Different people may have different answers to this question.,4,） 概括法概括法指先总结文章内容所涉及的现状，然后引出主题。,In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the Internet has come into more and more homes and is playing a more and more important role in our work and daily life. It has become a must to us, but at the same time, Internet has also brought with it a lot of problems.,常用,与,开头的短语、句式,(1) With the,（,rapidly,）,growing popularity of,（,computers,/private cars/,our lives has been considerably changed,）,in China,，,the quality of,（,2,）,With the,（,rapid,）,growth of,（,our economy/ population),，,many problems such as,（,water shortages / waste of energy/lack of professionals and chaotic management,）,are begging to surface,（,3,）,With the development of,（,science and technology/market economy,），,more and more/ an increasing number of people come to realize that ,（,4,）,Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over (illegal publication/drug abuse /negative influence of western cultures).,（,5,）,Nowadays ,a heated debated/discussion aboutis under way in China .some people believe that ,whereas others argue that,结尾,写好结尾就是要使文章作到善始善终，使主题更加突出，使文章前后呼应，结尾要遵循,简洁,的原则，点到为止，不得拖拉，应避免节外生枝。在结尾部分不可出现与全文不一致的新话题。常用的结尾方式有,:,1.概括总结全文,提出解决方法(summary & solution),To solve the problem, the Re-employment Project is well under way. The government, most important of all, needs to draw up an economic policy that will create more job opportunities to ease the mounting unemployment created by the restructuring of the state sector. The laid-off workers, too, should adjust themselves to the new situation by arming themselves with newer knowledge and skills to get the advantage in new positions.,2. 回答前面问题（answer to the question),Personally, I believe that parents should pay more attention to the cultivation of such qualities as independence, confidence and courage in their children. Only in this way can the children grow up, fully equipped to meet whatever challenges that life may present.,3.提出建议（recommendation & suggestion),In brief, by repeating this simple step-by-step process, you can put aside your fears and write a clear, coherent, and convincing essay. All you need is eagerness, perseverance and courage and a pencil and paper.,4.给出预见(prediction),If people stopped to think before acquiring pets, there would be fewer of cruelty to animals. Many times, it is the people who adopt pets without considering the expense and responsibility involved who mistreat and neglect
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