工程硕士英语考前辅导

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,工程硕士英语考前辅导,词汇,考试要求、考点、题型分析,1,考试要求,全国工程硕士入学资格考试外语运用能力测试的词汇与语法部分共10题, 每道题2分, 共20分. 前5题为词汇题, 主要是考查考生掌握并熟练使用英语词汇及短语的能力. 根据考试大纲规定, 考生应领会式掌握4,250个左右单词和500个常用词组, 并能根据构词法和语境识别常见的派生词; 着重要掌握名词, 动词, 形容词, 短语和固定搭配, 其中包括同义词, 反义词, 形近词等的辨析.,2,考点及题型分析,短语类题型,-理解题意, 去伪存真,短语类试题是词汇部分比较主要的一个考点， 主要涉及动词短语，介词短语及起连词作用的固定词组（如,above all, in that, other than, rather than,等)。做好这类题目主要依靠学生平时的掌握与积累,特别是一些常用动词如,go, put, fall, give, take, come, keep, get, bring, make, hold, turn, look, ask, stand, lay, live, run, call,等与介词或副词的常用搭配应牢记在心。,3,单词辨义题型,-分析选项, 消除干扰单词辨义是词汇题中的另一大题型. 可以把它分为词义辨析, 近义词辨析和形近词辨析. 这种题目对考生的词汇量要求很大. 反过来说, 也是对考生词汇量掌握情况的有效检验。考生在解此类题目时要注意仔细分析各个选项, 逐一排除干扰项.,词义辨析,词义辨析还比较单纯考词汇量, 选择项中的词之间词义都很明确, 只要理解题干的意思便可作出准确选择. 如:,The first Olympiad is said to have consisted _ of a 200-yard foot race near the small city of Olympia.,A)nearly B)completely C)merely D)identically,I didnt _ to take a taxi but I had to as I was late.,A)mean B)assume C)hope D)suppose,4,近义词辨析,近义词辨析是三者中最难的一项. 它不仅考查考生的词汇量， 而且考查考生在面对词与词之间存在共同概念的干扰时,如找出区别而最终作出正确判断.,Many old people in the cities find themselves unable to get used to the rapid _ of city life.,A) rate B) speed C)step D) pace,Generally _, the climate here is most suitable for the old people.,A) speaking B) telling C) saying D) talking,5,形近词辨义,形近词辨义的难度界于上述两者之间, 主要是从相似的拼写或发音方面给考生造成干扰, 如果考生对某个词记忆不深, 模棱两可的话, 就很容易陷入被动. 因此归根到底, 这种题型仍是以考查单词词义为主.,The new currency will get into _ soon.,A) circuit B) circulation C) circular D) circle,The captain of the ship _ the passengers that there was no danger.,A) assured B) ensured C) secured D) insured,_,his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.,A) Dislike B) Unlike C) Alike D) Liking,6,搭配关系题型,-仔细推敲, 逐一排除,英语中的搭配关系多种多样, 除了在短语题型里介绍过的动词与介词, 动词与名词的搭配, 考试中还常会考到形容词与介词, 形容词与名词, 名词与介词等. 考生在遇到有些搭配不那么肯定的情况下一定要沉着冷静, 对各个选项仔细推敲, 并放入句中利用语感和平时做题的经验进行逐一排除. 如：,He was a talented football player as a boy, but he never _ his early promise.,A) concluded B) completed C) performed D)fulfilled,7,语法,考试要求,如词汇部分所述,语法题与词汇题出现在同一部分, 共10题20分,前5题为词汇题,后5题为语法题,属单项选择题,每题2分,共10分。,语法是解决其他题型的基础和关键。要学好语法不能满足于记住了多少条语法规则,更重要的是掌握它们的用法。虽然这部分只有5题,但只有这部分可被看作是对语言知识的考核,因此这一部分在整个考试中有举足轻重的地位,考生对这部分试题的完成准确率可以反映考生的英语基础知识打得牢不牢固。,8,测试范围,基础语法测试要求考生不仅能正确完成语法知识题, 还能够举一反三, 灵活运用到其他考试题型中如阅读理解, 完形填空等, 这就需要考生具体掌握以下几点知识.,1.名词, 代词的数与格的构成及用法:,2.形容词,副词的 比较级和最高级的构成及用法.,3.动词的基本时态，语态的构成形式及用法,4.非谓语动词的构成形式及用法,5.虚拟语气的构成形式及用法,6.各类从句的构成形式及用法,7.强调句的构成形式及用法,8.倒装句的构成形式及用法,9.主谓一致的用法,9,阅读理解,阅读部分的测试要求及测试范围,测试要求,阅读部分共设20题， 每题两分。考试时间为21分钟。短文4篇，每篇约150词左右。 要求考生在理解短文的基础上从每题的四项选择中取最佳答案。,阅读部分的考试目的是测试考生从阅读材料中获取信息的能力。要求考生既具备答题的准确性，也要求考生具备一定的答题速度。主要测试以下能力：,(1)掌握测试材料的中心思想、主要内容和细节；,(2)对测试材料的内容进行一定的判断和推理；,(3)理解某些词和句子的意义或上下文之间的逻辑关系；,(4)领会作者的观点并能判别作者的态度。,10,阅读理解测试是一项检查考生阅读理解应用能力的测试。笔者在以往辅导教学中发现学生平时的阅读量较小，阅读能力欠佳，大学毕业已若干年的考生尤其如此。因此，对考生进行考前阅读理解强化训练是有必要的。,1)解题步骤,考前阅读理解训练一般要求考生在处理阅读材料时遵循以下步骤：,阅读选项,略读全文,领会大意,寻读对照,准则判断,解题步骤及策略,11,2) 解题策略,应考虑阅读的四个层次及其把握：,第一层次是对单词和短语的理解；,第二层次是对句子的理解；,第三层次是对段落的理解，即通过分析句与句之间的逻辑关系得出该段落的结构和大意,第四层次是对篇章的理解，即通过分析段与段之间的逻辑关系得出整篇文章的结构和大意。在实际阅读过程中，上述四个层次是互相联系、不可截然分开的。在大多数情况下，正确的阅读方法，要把对文章细节的阅读与其整体篇章大意的阅读相结合，而以从上下文连贯的篇章大意理解为主线来进行。,12,利用上下文，猜测词义,He is successful as a businessman because of his,dynamic,personalityHe seems to have unlimited energy,The expensive curtains and luxurious carpets were the only remaining signs of the houses former,opulence,.,A) poverty B) wealth C) condition D) ugliness,2根据同义、反义关系确定词义,阅读中，特别是要注意表示反意的信号词： in contrast， on the other hand，rather than，,however， yet, although，while，unlike，but，whereas，as opposed to等。,My sister Marie is an,optimist,， while her boyfriend is one who is always gloomy and expects the worst to happen,13,利用标点符号/利用构词法猜测词,A gorilla always makes me think of the word aloofnot friendly, of distance from others.,They overestimate the interviewees,ability and asked him many difficult questions,14,Have a Try ( Reading ),It is true that as a social organization moves from the simple to the,complex, so does the organization through which it educates its children.,Growth and change are vital if education is to meet new needs and,demands. In a very simple social order, it may suffice to have the parents,carry on the education of their children. However, as will be shown later,in more detail, such a method may become entirely untenable,（行不,通), and special individuals are entrusted with the task. These may be,hired privately first, but soon the social group the church, village, and the,like-will be responsible for education. Eventually, special training is,required for those who do the teaching, and an agency to control this,training is needed. Thus the influence of the local government unit, such,as the town, township, and later the state or the province becomes necessary. It was generally considered simpler to use as a unit the already existing local unit.,15,1.,The closest restatement of the first sentence is:,A),The more complex a social organization becomes, the more complex the educational system becomes.,B),The complexity of a social organization depends on the complexity of the educational system.,C),Social organizations are truly as complex as they need to be for educational purposes.,D),Our society must be complex if we want our education system to serve our childrens educational requirements.,2.,The writer would probably argue for _.,A),more parental influence in education,B),an educational system which takes social complexity into account.,C),strict state control of education,D) more special training for teachers.,3.,According to the passage, the reason why the local government unit become influential is that,A) teachers become too powerful B) enrollment increases,C) a need arises to control the education of teachers,D),the church or village lacks the ability to oversee education,4.,The author promises to explain _.,A),the necessity of the local government unit.,B),why it is easier to use the government to control education,C),the responsibility of the social group,D) why parents should not teach their children.,16,Have another Try,We are associate colors with feeling and attitudes. In politics dark blue often means tradition, and red means social change. But blue can also mean sadness (Im feeling blue). White is often for purity, although in China white is worn for funerals, and red is used to express the joy of a wedding, in western Europe white is worn at wedding and black for funerals. Advertisers are aware of the importance of selecting colors according to the way people react to them. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets (clean and cold, like ice); cereals often come in brown packets (like wheat fields), but cosmetics never come in brown jars (dirty!).,Where do these ideas come from? Max Luscher from the University of Geneva believes that in the beginning life was dictated by two factors beyond our control: night and day. Night brought passivity, and a general slowing down of metabolism (,新陈代谢,); day brought with it the possibility of action, and increase in the metabolic rate, thus providing us with energy and initiative. Dark blue, therefore, is the color of quiet and passivity, bright yellow the color of hope and activity.,In prehistoric times, activity as a rule took one of two forms: either we were hunting and attacking, or we were being hunted and defending ourselves against attack. Attack is universally represented by the color red; self-preservation by its complement green.,17,Questions,1. In Luschers view, the association of colors with feelings and attitudes can be traced back to,.,A.,the association of day and night with passivity and action in ancient time.,B.,The association of black with funerals in western Europe.,C.,The association of white with purity in some countries,D.,The association of red with joy in China,2.Which of the following is NOT true?,A.,Dark blue brings tragedy. B. Dark blue means tradition.,C.Dark blue represents night. D. Dark blue indicates quietness.,18,To be continued ( questions ),3.In Luschers view, which of the following colors is associated with defense?,A. Red B. Blue C. Dark D. Green,4.According to the passage, what kind of people would probably favor yellow?,A.,People who are passive and conservative.,B.,People who are creative and aggressive.,C.,People who are hopeful and active.,D.,People who are ideal and ite with purity in some countries,D.,The association of red with joy in China,19,Think it over, dont take it for granted!,5.Soap powders come in white and light blue packets to _.,A. resemble ice B. show quality,C. suggest purity D. attract customers,20,Have a quick scanning,COMMUTER BUS SERVICE,New York City-Brennan, N.J.,Effective Sept. 2002- May 2003,SCHEDULE,Buses leave Port Authority Bus Terminal. New York City, from 7:00 a.m., and every half-hour thereafter, until 11:30 p.m. ( 7 days a week ),Buses leave Brennan station 20 minutes before and after every hour from 6:20 a.m. until 10:40 p.m. ( 7 days a week ) Evening rush hours ( 5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.): buses leave Port Authority terminal every 15 minutes ( Monday -Friday),21,To be continued,Holidays: Buses leave every hour on the hour, each direction ( Trip time: 30 minutes each day ),TICKETS,One way: $1.50,Commuter ticket ( 10 trips ):$10:00,All tickets must be purchased at Window 12, Port Authority Bus Terminal, or at the Brennan station window BEFORE boarding buses.,22,Quick Scanning for Key Info,(1),At which of the following times does a bus leave New York for Brennan on Tuesdays?,A) 9:30 a.m. B) 11:15 a.m. C) 2:45 p.m. D) 10:20 p.m,.,(2),If you had to meet a friend at the bus station in Brennan at 10:15 a.m. on a Friday, which is the latest bus you could take from New York?,A) the 10:00 a.m. bus B) the 9:30 a.m. bus,C) the 9:00 a.m. bus D) the 8:20 a.m. bus,(3),What time does a bus leave Brennan for New York City on Saturday?,A) 5:15 p.m. B) 7:10 p.m. C) 9:40 p.m. D) 11:40 p.m.,23,Quick Scanning for Key Words,4.,Where should passengers buy their tickets?,A),from the driver before boarding the bus,B),from the driver after boarding the bus,C),at the door near this notice,D),at a terminal ticket window,5.,If you wanted to visit a friend in Brennan on New Years Day, what time could you get a,bus from the Port Authority terminal?,A) 9:30 a.m. B) 10:00 a.m. C) 10:20 a.m. D) 10:40 a.m.,24,完形填空,完形填空部分的测试要求及测试范围,测试要求,完形填空部分共设10题，每题2分；要求考生阅读一篇难度适中的短文（约150200个英文单词），其中留出10个空白，每处有4个选项。考生需运用自己的语言综合能力，在全面了解文章内容的基础上，选择最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构完整、合理。它考核的是考生综合运用语言的能力。,由于自然语言都存在冗余现象，这一现象使人们在阅读一篇文章的时候，即使文章被抽去部分的词，仍然可能根据对剩余部分的分析来理解整篇文章的思想，并可推断出缺损部分的信息，而这种推断信息的准确度就取决于人们综合运用语言的能力。,最早的完形填空形式是每隔五个或五个以上的词（一般为512个词）等距地删去一,个词。这种形式测试效率较低，因为同一个词可能多次遇到，而且有的词测试意义不大。,因此，后来对这一做法进计了修正，修正后的做法是有选择地删去一定量的词。对删去,什么词在命题时要经过仔细设计，反复推敲。一般来说，在被删去的词中，实词和虚词,要各占一定的比例，词汇题和语法题要各占一定的比例，全局题和局部题要各占一定的,比例，只有这样，完形填空题才能全面、准确地测试出考生综合运用语言的能力。在我,国目前的各类英语考试中，完形填空部分均采用修正后的考试形式。,25,测试范围,完形填空题是以测试考生综合运用语言的能力为目的此题型可谓是“To kill two birds with one stone.”。这种能力具体体现在以下三个方面：,1）对词汇知识的掌握；,2）对语法结构知识的掌握；,3）对篇章阅读能力的掌握。,26,完形填空题的解题方法,解题步骤,上面说过，完形填空是一种综合性很强的题目，它涉及到考生多方面的语言能力，如阅读理解能力，语法分析能力，词汇辨析能力，固定搭配及惯用法等多方面的能力。因此，考生在答题时可遵循以下步骤：,1)通读全文，掌握大意。完形填空题的第一句话一般都是完整的，而且它常常就是,本段、乃至全文的中心思想。考生应该借助这一主题句，快速测览全文，掌握短文的基,本思想。,2)根据上下文理清脉络并进行判断。考生在做题时必须时时刻刻从上下文出发考虑，因为在大多数情况下，空缺项的填补都需要通过对上下文的分析才能作出判断。,3)由易到难，各个击破。一般来说，固定搭配，习惯用法最简单，考生只要记住了,这些搭配及用法，可以很快找到答案。然后可过渡到部分考语法知识的题目和根据上下,文选择词义的题目。最后可做需要全局性理解的题目，这种题目要求较高。,4)正确运用排除法。有的题目中，有一些一眼就可排除的选项，这种选项在做题时,可首先排除，然后把精力集中于较难取舍的选择项上。当然，在遇有难以判断的选择项,时，也可把每一种选择都填入空中加以分析，根据上下文信息和一些语法知识，逐一排,除掉错误答案和可能性很小的选择。,5)全篇复核，再次确认中心无误。把所有题目都做出来以后，最好再把全文通读一,遍，再次确认中心思想没有理解错误，以避免全盘皆错的惨局。,27,试一拭,Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, but people now live longer than they,1,. Yet, all living things still show the,2,of aging, which will eventually result in death.,Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the organs they form do not function as well as they,3,in childhood and adolescence. The body provides less protection against disease and is more prone to accident.,A number of related causes may,4,aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not replaced when they die. As a person ages,5,of brain cells and muscle cells decreases. Old body cells die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the,6,cells may not be as viable or as capable of growth as those of a young person.,Another,7,in aging may be changes within the cells themselves. Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known to change with age and become less elastic. This is why the skin of old people wrinkles and hangs loose. This is also the reason old people,8,in height. There may be more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA, and RNA, store and,9,information that the cells need. Aging may affect this,10,.,28,1. A) use to B) be used to C) used to D) had,2. A)function B) effect C) influence D) sign,3,.,A) do,B) has done C) did D) were doing,4. A) concern to,B) contribute to C) happen to D) bring to,5.A) a number B) the amount,C) the number,D) most,6. A) old B) remaining,C) new,D) other,7. A) factor,B) effect C) reason D) element,8. A) shorten B) shrink C) lengthen,D) decrease,9. A) pass to B) pass on to C) pass from,D) pass on,10. A) method B) procedure C) development,D) process,29,会话完成,考试要求,本部分为英语运用能力测试的最后一部分, 通过完成对话的方式, 重在考查考生实际运用英语进行交流的综合能力. 题型为10 段不完整的英语简短对话, 在每段对话后有4个选项, 要求考生选出其中一个正确答案. 每题2分, 共20分.,Waiter: Welcome, sir. May I help you?,Customer: _.,A) Thank you. Ill have fried tofu and stir-fried cauliflower.,B) Yes, please. Id like a hamburger and a chocolate shake.,C) Sorry. I dont need your help, thank you.,D)If you want to help me, Ill be glad to accept it.,Guest: Oh, its ten oclock. Id better go now.,Host: _.,A),Ok. Please walk slowly.,B),Why do you want to go now? dont you want to stay?,C),Wont you stay for another cup of coffee?,D),Yeah, its really late. Why not immediately?,30,Phone Call,Wilson: Hello. May I speak to Peter?,Peter: _.,A),Sorry, the number is engaged. Will you hold?,B),Yes, speaking.,C),Hello. Whore you, please?,D),Hello. Thank you for calling.,31,Between Two Persons,Man: Do you mind if I smoke here?,Woman: _.,A),Well,yes,actually-this is a no smoking compartment,.,B),Of course not-this is a no smoking compartment.,C),No, Im sorry.,D),All right. If you just smoke one each day,?,32,Just do it,1.,Man: Wow! How beautiful you are today!,Woman: _.,A) You are such a nice man B) Its nothing,C) dont make a fuss D) Im glad to hear it. Thank you!,2.,Man: I have two tickets for tonights concert. Could you go,with me?,Woman: Id like to, but Im busy tonight.,Man: _.,A),All my work goes for nothing. B) What a pity. Im sorry.,C) How could I do such a silly thing?,D) Is it just as what you said?,33,Go on with it,3.,Linda: Whats the matter with you?,Jack: Its the boss. Ive tried my best, but hes too hard to,be pleased.,Linda: _.,A),Youll do it better next time.,B) Yeah. Its really hard for you.,C) Take your time D) How could all this happen to you?,4.,Man: Whats the noise upstairs?,Woman: It seems theyre wrestling.,Man: _.,A) I cant stand it any more. B) I dont like it.,C) What a shame D) Its a storm in a tea cup.,34,To be continued,5. Old man: Excuse me. Could you tell me where,the restrooms are?,Young man: _.,Old man: Well, thank you anyway.,Young man: Not at all,A),Take the elevator to the second floor and turn,right.,B),Im going there myself. Let me lead you the way.,C),Yes. Its just around the corner.,D) Im not sure. Im a stranger here too.,35,