Ted Hughes

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Ted Hughes,(17 August 1930 28 October 1998),life,works,literary,style,other information,Edward James Hughes OM (17 August 1930 28 October 1998), more commonly known as Ted Hughes, was an English poet and childrens writer.,Hughes was British Poet Laureate from 1984 until his death.,Life,Critics routinely rank him as one of the best poets of his generation.,Hughes was married to the American poet,Sylvia Plath, from 1956 until her death,by suicide in 1963 at the age of 30. His part in the relationship became controversial to some feminists and (particularly) American admirers of Plath.,Sylvia Plath,Sylvia Plath (October 27, 1932 February 11, 1963) was an American poet, novelist and short story writer.,Born in Massachusetts, she studied at Smith College and Newnham College Cambridge before receiving acclaim as a professional poet and writer.,She married fellow poet Ted Hughes in 1956 and they lived together first in the United States and then England, having two children together: Frieda and Nicholas. Following a long struggle with depression and a marital separation, Plath committed suicide in 1963.Controversy,（,争论）,continues to surround the events of her life and death, as well as her writing and legacy.,Plath is credited with advancing the genre of confessional poetry自白派 and is best known for her two collections,巨人及其他诗歌（The Colossus and Other Poems）,and,爱丽尔（Ariel）,.,In 1982, she became the first poet to win a Pulitzer Prize,（普利策奖）,posthumously for The Collected Poems. She also wrote The Bell Jar, a semi-autobiographical,（半自传体的）,novel published shortly before her death.,literary,style,Hughes earlier poetic work is rooted in nature and, in particular, the innocent savagery of animals, an interest from an early age. He wrote frequently of the mixture of beauty and violence in the natural world.,Animals serve as a metaphor for his view on life: animals live out a struggle for the survival of the fittest in the same way that humans strive for ascendancy and success.,A classic example is the poem Hawk Roosting.,His later work is deeply reliant upon myth and the British bardic tradition, heavily inflected with a modernist, and ecological viewpoint.,Hughes first collection, Hawk in the Rain (1957),雨中鹰,attracted considerable critical acclaim,.,In 1959 he won the Galbraith prize which brought $5,000.,Hughes worked for 10 years on a prose poem,(散文诗), Gaudete,高黛特, which he hoped to have made into a film.（一首有关生殖仪式的长诗，1977）,In Birthday Letters, his last collection, Hughes broke his silence on Plath, detailing aspects of their life together and his own behaviour at the time. The cover artwork was by their daughter Frieda. A poem discovered in October 2010, Last letter, describes what happened during the three days leading up to Plaths suicide,He also wrote both poetry and prose for children, one of his most successful books being The Iron Man,（铁人）, written to comfort his children after Sylvia Plaths suicide.,Hughes was appointed as Poet Laureate,(桂冠诗人),in 1984 following the death of John Betjeman,It was later known that Hughes was second choice for the appointment after Philip Larkin, the preferred nominee, declined, because of ill health and writers block. Hughes served in this position until his death in 1998,His definitive 1,333-page Collected Poems (Faber & Faber) appeared in 2003.,Poetry collections,1957 The Hawk in the Rain,1960 Lupercal,1967 Wodwo,1970 Crow: From the Life and the Songs of the Crow,1972 Selected Poems 1957-1967,1975 Cave Birds,1977 Gaudete,1979 Remains of Elmet (with photographs by Fay Godwin),1979 Moortown,1983 River,1986 Flowers and Insects,1989 Wolfwatching,1992 Rain-charm for the Duchy,1994 New Selected Poems 1957-1994,1997 Tales from Ovid,1998 Birthday Letters winner of the 1998 Forward Poetry Prize for best collection, the 1998 T. S. Eliot Prize, and the 1999 British Book of the Year award.,2003 Collected Poems,The Hawk in the Rain,I drown in the drumming ploughland, I drag up,Heel after heel from the swallowing of the earths mouth,From clay that clutches my each step to the ankle,With the habit of the dogged grave, but the hawk,Effortlessly at height hangs his still eye.,His wings hold all creation in a weightless quiet,Steady as a hallucination in the streaming air.,While banging wind kills these stubborn hedges,雨中的鹰,（泰德休斯/作，张文武/译）,我陷入了雨中的耕地，一步一步,艰难地从大地的口中拔出脚跟，,每一步，黏土都淹没到我的脚踝，,带着顽固的坟墓的气息。而鹰,在高空毫不费力地垂下平静的眼睛。,他的双翅将万物控制在轻盈的寂静之中，,如此平稳，如同流动的空气中的幻觉。,砰砰作响的风撞击着顽固的篱笆，,Thumbs my eyes, throws my breath, tackles my heart,And rain hacks my head to the bone, the hawk hangs,The diamond point of will that polestars,The sea drowners endurance: and I,Bloodily grabbed dazed last-moment-counting,Morsel in the earths mouth, strain towards the master-,Fulcrum of violence where the hawk hangs still.,That maybe in his own time meets the weather,Coming the wrong way, suffers the air, hurled upside down,Fall from his eye, the ponderous shires crash on him,The horizon traps him; the round angelic eye,Smashed, mix his hearts blood with the mire of the land.,拨弄我的双眼，攫走我的呼吸，攥紧我的心脏，,雨击打着我的头骨，而那鹰高悬起,金刚石般的意志，如北极星一般指引着,溺海者继续忍耐：而我，,被大地在最后关头死死咬住的,一口食物，向着上帝的暴力支点，,那鹰的静悬之处拼死迈进。,那鹰也许在悠闲的某时遭遇了,不测的风雨，遭遇气流，从高空被抛下，,从他的眼中跌落，沉重的云撞击着他，,地面将他捕获；天使的圆眼睛,碎裂了，他心脏的血与地上的泥泞混在一起。,other information,Hughes was born on 17 August 1930 at 1 Aspinal Street, in,Mytholmroyd, West Yorkshire to William Henry and Edith (ne Farrar) Hughes6 and raised among the local farms in the area.,According to Hughes, My first six years shaped everything.,When Hughes was seven his family moved to Mexborough, South Yorkshire, where they ran a newsagents and tobacco shop.,He attended,Mexborough Grammar Schoo,l, where his teachers encouraged him to write. In 1946 one of his early poems, Wild West and a short story were published in the grammar school magazine,Hughes studied English, anthropology and archaeology at Pembroke College.,At this time his first published poetry appeared in the journal he started with fellow students, St. Botolphs Review, 圣伯特弗评论,He and Plath married at,St George the Martyr Holborn,on 16 June 1956, four months after they had first met.,Hughes and Plath had two children, Frieda Rebecca and Nicholas Farrar, but separated in the autumn of 1962. He continued to live at Court Green, North Tawton, Devon irregularly with his lover Assia Wevill after Plaths death on 11 February 1963. As Plaths widower, Hughes became the executor of Plaths personal and literary estates.,On 25 March 1969, six years after Plaths suicide by asphyxiation from a gas stove,Assia Wevill,committed suicide in the same way. Wevill also killed her child, Alexandra Tatiana Elise (nicknamed Shura), the four-year-old daughter of Hughes, born on 3 March 1965,In August 1970 Hughes married,Carol Orchard, a nurse, and they remained together until his death,He was appointed a member of the Order of Merit by Queen Elizabeth II just before he died,Speaking at the funeral, fellow poet Samus Heaney, said: No death outside my immediate family has left me feeling more bereft. No death in my lifetime has hurt poets more. He was a tower of tenderness and strength, a great arch under which the least of poetrys children could enter and feel secure.,His creative powers were, as Shakespeare said, still crescent. By his death, the veil of poetry is rent and the walls of learning broken.,Nicholas Hughes, the son of Hughes and Plath, committed suicide on 16 March 2009 after battling depression,