山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,*,第二章 词汇的翻译,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,2.1. 英汉词汇对比,2.1.1 词类系统,2.1.2 用词倾向,2.1.3 词义关系,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,2.2. 词汇的选择,2.2.1 识别“假朋友”,2.2.2 正确理解原文，根据上下文选择词义,2.2.3 词义的广与狭,2.2.4 词义的褒与贬,2.2.5 词汇的语体色彩,2.2.6 词汇的搭配,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,2.3. 词汇的翻译技巧,2.3.1 抽象&具体,2.3.2 增词与减词,2.3.3 合词,2.3.4 转性,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,2.1. 英汉词汇对比,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,2.1.1.词类系统,英汉语词类基本相似，都有名词、动词、形容词、代词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。,汉语量词发达，英语没有量词。,汉语有语气助词，英语没有。,英语有冠词，汉语没有。,英语中的关系代词、关系副词在汉语中够也没有对应的词类。,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,2.1.2.用词倾向,1. 英语中名词、介词和形容词用得多。,2. 汉语中动词和量词用得多。,3. 碰到词语重复，英美人一般倾向于用替代形式或者在不影响达意的前提下采用省略法。汉语则不怕重复。,英语重形合，所以连词、介词之类的虚词和代词用的多；汉语重意合，虚词用得少,。,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,1. 英语中名词、介词和形容词用得多,He was always an unwelcome,intruder,.,他经常冒冒失失地,闯进,人家的家里。,They went,across,the desert and,into,China.,他们穿过沙漠，然后到达中国。,It is,indicative,of the change in Mary that she is having a big birthday party.,有迹象表明，玛丽转变了观念，她打算举行一个盛大的生日聚会。,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,2. 汉语中动词和量词用得多,他,拿起,杂志，,看,了一眼，,摇了摇,头，把它,放回,桌子上。,一寸,相思,一寸,灰，,一江,离恨,一江,愁，,一串,笑声、,一孔,之见,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,3.英语的替代、省略vs. 汉语的重复,The child doesnt like this book. Show him a more interesting,one,.,Look at that bird.,It,always comes to my window.,She plays the piano better than she,does,the guitar.,He said he would tell me the news, but he didnt,do so,.,She wore the red dress, but,the blue,suits her better.,It might rain, but I dont think,it will,.,人不犯我，我不犯人；人若犯我，我必犯人。,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,2.1.3.词义关系,完全对等,部分对等,不对等,一词多义,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,完全对等,完全对等,是指英语中有些词所表达的意义，在汉语中可以找到完全对应的词来表达，它们的意义在上下文中完全对等。这类词主要是专有名词及简单的普通名词以及术语。,China = 中国 , Germany = 德国,New York = 纽约， table = 桌子,watch = 手表， sun = 太阳,Marxism = 马克思主义 Aspirin = 阿斯匹林,激光= laser 白血病= leukemia,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,部分对等,部分对等,有时英语词语的词义包含在汉语词义中。,意义范围有广狭之分、抽象具体之分、一般于个别之分。,Marriage,Aunt,Rose,Beauty,Freedom,Justice,Family,milk,嫁，娶,姑妈，舅妈，姨妈，伯母，婶婶,玫瑰，月季,美貌，美人,自由，自由权,正义，正义感,家庭，家人,奶， 牛奶，羊奶等,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,还有些英汉词语在概念意义上是对应的，但在内涵意义上确实不对应的。,West wind,Cat,Sour,magpie,Dog,Dragon,blue,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,无对等,无对等(词义空缺）,无对等,是指英语和汉语中分别都有一些各自所特有的词汇。造成这一现象的原因是多方面的。主要是由于宗教信仰、历史文化、生活习俗、生活经历、地理特征等的不同而造成。,teenagers ，commuter，clock-watcher，DINK.,叩头（kowtow)、功夫(kongfu)、馄饨 (wonton)、,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,文房四宝,the four treasures of the study (writing brush, ink-stick, ink-stone and paper),乌纱帽,an official post,三伏天,dog days,惊蛰,(the Waking of Insects),山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,裸官,An official alone at home with his or her family members emigrated abroad,月光族,Referring to a group of young people who make both ends meet each month,啃老族,Who live off their parents,耄耋之年,Referring to the age from eighty to ninety,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,一词多义,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,人家,你们村子上有多少,人家,？,How many,households,are there in your village?,他妹妹已经,有,人家,了。,His sister is already,engaged,.,这件事我是听,人家,说的。,I hear it from,others,.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,送,老师,送,我一本书作为生日礼物。,My teacher,gave,me a book as my birthday gift.,亲戚们,送,给她一笔钱作为她的学费。,The relatives of hers,offered,her a sum of money as her tuition fee.,这些钱你是白,送,。,You just,throw away,your money.,下雨了，我给你,送,雨伞来了。,It is raining now. I have,brought,you an umbrella.,谁去,送,广告？,Who are going to,deliver,the advertisement？,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,每天老大爷亲自,送,孙子上幼儿园。,Everyday the grandpa himself,takes,his grandson to the kindergarten.,把犯罪分子,送,交法院审判。,Hand,the criminal over to the court for trial.,送,君千里，终须一别。,Although you,escort,your guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,考察,中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生,周游考察,了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。,In his lifetime, Xu Xiake, a great traveler in Chinas Ming Dynasty,toured,16 provinces, leaving his footmarks in nearly every corner of the country.,他（徐霞客）在,考察,的过程中，从不盲目迷信书上的结论。,In the course of his,exploration, he never took what have been recorded for granted.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,为了进行真实、细致的,考察,，他很少乘船、坐车。,In order to,get a detailed and truthful picture,of the places he visited, he usually travelled on foot even when carriages and boats were available.,他总是选择道路艰险的山区、人迹罕至的森林进行,考察,。,He always preferred to,venture into,mountainous areas with rough tracks, and into forests seldom visited by human beings. Unfrequented, untrodden.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,轻重,这两口箱子,轻重,不一样。,The two cases do not have the same weight/ do not weigh the same.,工作要分,轻重缓急,，不要眉毛胡子一把抓。,Work should be done in order of importance and urgency. You shouldnt take up/ grasp all at once.,请你别见怪，他说话就是不知,轻重,。,Please dont mind his words. He simply doesnt know the proper way to talk.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,2.2.词汇的选择,在汉译英时，从众多的同义词、进一次中选择最合适的那一个是很重要的一种技巧和工地，一位负责人的译者往往在选词方面严格要求自己，如著名的翻译家严复说：“一名之立，旬月踯躅”。,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,”假朋友“，这一概念源于法语，最初是指拼法与英语相同但含义不同的法语词汇。在汉语与英语之间也存在这种词性结构相似但词义相左的“假朋友”，翻译时应特别注意，不要落入陷阱。,2.2.1.识别“假朋友”,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,干货,纸钱,绿豆,油性皮肤,高等学校,黄色书籍,酸奶,休息室,食言,向外看,好好先生,纺织品,纸币,四季豆,防水油布,高中,黄皮书、黄页,变质的奶,公共厕所,承认说的错话,当心，留神,假正经,dry goods,paper money,green bean,oil skin,high school,yellow book,sour milk,rest room,eat ones words,look out,goody-goody,dried goods,joss paper,mung bean,oily skin,university/ college,pornography,yogurt,lounge,break a promise,look outside,yes-man,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,农民,宣传,价廉物美,peasant,多指举止粗鲁，没有教养,propoganda,欺骗性的宣传,cheap and good,往往指价格低廉的劣质产品,farmer,popularize,economical and good,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,2.2.2 正确理解原文，根据上下文选择词汇,所谓选词，即在正确理解原文的基础上，选出适当的词去表达原文的意思。正确选词是保证译文质量的重要条件，词的选择应从下面几个方面入手。,1正确理解原文的词义：词的正确选择首先取决于对原文词义的正确理解，而这一点有首先取决于对原文上下文的推敲。英译汉、汉译英的情况都是这样。,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,意思,甲：这一点,小意思,，请务必收下。,乙：你这人真是,有意思,，怎么也来这一套？,甲：哎，只是,意思意思,。,乙：啊，真是,不好意思,。,甲：This is,a little gift,as a token of my appreciation. Please take it.,乙:,Oh, arent you,a bit too polite,? You shouldnt do that.,甲：Well, it just,conveys my gratitude,.,乙：Ah, thank you then, though I really,dont deserve it.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,问题,中国经济是个大,问题,。,Chinas economy is a big problem.,在谈话中，他涉及到一些严肃的,问题,，如国有企业的改革等。,In his talk, he tackled serious subjects, like the reform of state-owned enterprises.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,说,阿Q将,衣服,摔在地上，吐一口唾沫，,说,：“这毛虫！”,Ah Q flung his,jacket/garment,on the ground, spat, and,swore, “Hairy worm!”,“三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮”，这就是,说,，群众有伟大的创造力。,The old saying, “Three cobblers with their wits combined would equal Zhuge Liang the master mind,”,simply means,the masses have great creative power.,贾珍感激不尽，,说,，“待服满，亲带,小犬,到府叩谢。”于是作别。,Jia Zhen thanked him warmly and,promised,“When the mourning is over I shall bring,my worthless son,to kowtow his thanks.” And so they parted.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,老,(1)他人,老,心不,老。,He is,old,but still cherishes,high aspirations,.,（2）这孩子少年,老,成,a. The boy has an,old head,on young shoulders.,b. The boy has,rich,experience .,（3）我们党的绝大部分,老,干部都是无产阶级革命派。,The overwhelming majority of the,veteran,cadres in our party are proletarian revolutionaries.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,（4）芹菜不收就老了,The celery will be,overgrown,if we dont pick (harvest) it now.,（5）青菜不要炒得太老了。,Dont,overcook,the greens.,（6）这件衣服颜色太老了,The jacket is too,dark,.,（7）老没见到你啊！,I havent seen you,for ages(a long time),.,（8）他住院时，还老惦记着他们实验室工作的进展情况。,He was,always,thinking of the progress of the work in his laboratory even when he was in hospital. (hospitalized),山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,（9）小莉是厂长的老闺女。,Xiao Li is the,youngest,daughter of our factory director.,（10）他老早就动身了。,He set out,very,early.,（11）那个发言人又在老调重弹,That spokesman is striking up the,same,old,tone.,（12）他甘当人民的老黄牛。,He is ready to serve the people like a,willing,ox.,（13）你以为我们这个矿还只是用产十万吨煤吗？老黄历啦,You think our monthly output of coal is still 10,000 tons only? Thats,ancient,history.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,其实中年时人生盛华的开始，不应贪懒，不应,享受,。,In actual fact, middle age represents the prime of ones life, allowing no indolence, no,self-indulgence,.(居祖纯 译),“享受”本身没有贬义，但在此上下文中有贬义。因此不能译成enjoying life, 最好译为带贬义的self-indulgence.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,假日外出旅游成为了沪上最风行的,节目,。,Traveling on holidays has become an activity popular with people in Shanghai.,Traveling on holidays is most popular with people in Shanghai.,他们,省吃俭用,，为的是攒钱买房子。,They save food and expenses to accumulate more funds to buy an apartment.,They live frugally/economically/thriftily to accumulate more funds to buy an apartment.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,解放后，政府提倡,自由恋爱,。,After liberation, the government advocates free love.,After liberation, the government advocates,the freedom to choose ones spouse,.,我们能否,谈得来,？,Can we talk with each other?,Id like to know,whether we can get along well,.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,温哥华的辉煌是温哥华人的智慧和勤奋的,结晶,，其中也包括多民族的贡献。(1999年专八汉译英),The glory of Vancouver is the crystallization of the wisdom and diligence of the people of Vancouver, including the contributions of many ethnic groups.,(of ideas, plans, etc.) become clear and definite.,The prosperity of Vancouver is the,fruit/result,of the wisdom and diligence/industry of its people, including many ethnic groups who have made their respective contribution.,The prosperity ,should be attributed to,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,2.2.3 词义的广与狭,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,农业是国民经济的基础。（广义）,Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy.,农、林、牧、副、渔互相结合的方针，（狭义，farming）,The principle of combining farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side-occupations and fishery,他从不喝酒。（广义，任何酒）,He never touches wine.,他不喝烈性酒。（狭义）,He doesnt drink spirits.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,2.2.4 词义的褒与贬,他们,忠心耿耿地,报效自己的祖国和人民。,They serve their motherland and people,with loyalty and devotion,.,这些,死心塌地,的纳粹分子为他们的第三帝国效命。,These,die-hard,Nazis went all out to serve their Third Reich.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,几个月的林雪生活，既锻炼了他们的机智英勇，又锻炼了他们,坚韧不拔,的毅力。,Several months in the snowy forest have forged their cleverness and courage and given them,a firm and indomitable will,.,没想到他们的封建思想是那样,顽固不化,。,I did not expect that their feudal ideas would be so,incorrigibly obstinate,.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,这位导演,别具匠心,，在剧中安排了一场演员走到观众当中的戏。,The director showed his,ingenuity,by arranging a scene in which the actors went into the audience of the play.,这家伙老是,别出心裁,，招摇撞骗。,That guy is always trying to be,different,so sas to swindle and bluff.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,张将军真是,足智多谋,啊！,General Zhang is really,wise and resourceful,.,那个地参谋长可是,诡计多端,啊！,That enemy chief of staff,has a whole bag of tricks.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,她父亲是一位,有名的,外科医生。,Her father is a,famous,surrgeon.,黄金荣是旧上海,有名的,大流氓。,Huang Jinrong was a,notorious,rogue in Shanghai in the old times.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,由于,党的农业政策，我国千千万万农民走上了致富的道路。,Thanks to,the policies of the Communist Party of China on agriculture, millions of farmers in China are getting rich.,由于,两次世界大战的爆发，各国人民蒙受了极大地灾难。,People of all countries have suffered great calamities,in consequence of,the two World Wars.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,诗人应该具有,丰富的想象力,。,A poet should have,rich imagination,.,真遗憾，你的,想象力太丰富,了。,What a pity! Youve got into,wild flights of fancy.,他,热衷,于个人名利。,He is always,hankering after,personal fame and gains,她,热衷,于花样滑冰。,She,is fond of,figure skating,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,在整个改革开放过程中都要,反对,腐败。邓选,A. During the entire process of reform and opening, we must persistently,oppose,corruption.北京周报,B. Throughout the process of reform and opening, we must,combat,corruption.外文出版社1994年版,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,他们,讲,唯心论，我们,讲,唯物论。,贬 褒,-毛泽东选集第三卷,They,preach,idealism, whereas we,advocate,materialism.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,如：“打得赢就打，打不赢就,走,”，这就是今天我们对运动战的通俗解释。,-毛泽东选集第一卷,“Fight when we can win and,run away,when we cant this is the popular interpretation of our mobile warfare today.,-伦敦版本,修改后的译文：,“Fight when you can win,move away,when you cant win” this is the popular way of describing our mobile warfare today.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,如：中国人民要求停止内战，一致抗日的呼声越发,高涨,。,-毛泽东选集第三卷,The voice of the Chinese people,grow increasingly powerful,in its demand for an end to civil war and for united resistance to Japan.,c.f. 有人曾这样译：,The Chinese people,clamoured,even more loudly for an end ,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,2.2.5.词汇的语体色彩,所谓语体，就是指语言随着语境的不同而产生的变体，它是语言使用者随着语境的改变而选用不同的语言形式表达意义、交流思想的结果。例如，英语中recidivist和habitual criminal的指称意义完全一样，即“惯犯”，但使用的场合却不一样。前者是法律专门用语，后者则是一般用语。,一组同、近义词中的各个词可以分别用于不同的文体中，有的适用于一般文体，有的适用于正式文体，有的适用于非正式文体；有的为口语，有的为书面语；有的随便，有的正式；有的粗俗，有的高雅等等。因此，翻译时应注意词的文体特征。,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,批评 criticize, upbraid knock,博学的 learned erudite brainy,兴奋 excitement passion turn-on,停止 stop desist cut it out,妻子 spouse wife ball and chain,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,干杯,bottoms up/ cheers/ Now Id like to ask you to raise your glasses,谈到中美贸易问题,，首先要看到一个最基本的事实，这就是25年来我们两国之间的贸易有了巨大的发展。,When talking about China-US trade, we should not overlook one fundamental fact, that is, in the past 25years, two-way trade has expanded enormously.,Regarding/ Concerning/ With regard to/ With respect to/ On the issue of/ When it comes to,(China-US trade),山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,关于西部大开发，主要,有两个方面要注意,。一是基础设施的建设；二是生态环境的改善。,With respect to the development of the western region, there are two major issues,we must pay attention to,: One is infrastructure construction. The other is environmental improvement.,Two major issues,deserve/ are worthy of / merit our attention.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,第三产业的发展,有利于,优化产业结构，提供就业机会，改进投资环境，促进城乡经济发展，全面提高国民经济综合效率和人民生活水平。,The development of the service sector,is helpful to,optimize economic structure, create employment opportunity, improve investment environment, promote urban and rural economic development and improve overall national economic efficiency and peoples living standard.,Contribute to; is conducive to;,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,如蒙早日寄来样品，,不胜感激,。,It would be appreciated,if samples could be soon forwarded to us.,贾母责怪王熙凤又提起黛玉父母双亡之事，惹自己伤心，叫她“,快别提了,”。,a. “So dont reopen the subject.” （选自外文出版社译本）,b. “So lets have no more of it.” （选自霍克斯译本）,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,2.2.6.词的搭配,任何语言在长期使用过程中，都形成了一种常见词组和固定搭配这种比较固定的说法，有些可逐语译出，但多数不行，否则令人有不符合习惯，生硬感觉。,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,谓语和主语的搭配,马克思主义,告诉,我们，民主属于上层建筑，属于政治这个范畴。,-毛泽东选集第五卷,Marxism,teaches,us that democracy is part of the super structure and belongs to the realm of politics.,如：这件事,告诉,我们，无风是不起浪的。,This event,makes it clear,to us that there is no smoke without a fire.,如：这些材料,告诉,我们，运动是健康的。,-毛泽东选集第五卷,The material,shows,that the movement is healthful.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,定语与中心语的搭配,大城市,大雨,大志,大人物,大道理,a big city,a heavy rain,a high aim,an imprtant person,general principle,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,好教徒,a faithful/pious/sincere/devout/devoted Christian,好父母,a loving/caring parent,好儿女,an obedient/filial child,好妻子,a virtuous wife,好丈夫,a dutiful/responsible husband,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,红心red heart,红茶black tea,红糖brown sugar,红运good luck,红榜honor roll(board) or the roll of honor.,e.g. His name is mentioned on the roll of honor.,红颜,beauty(young beauties 指单个人)；young, rosy cheeks.,贾宝玉看破,红尘,。,Jia Baoyu has seen through the vanity of the world.,Or: Jia Baoyu has been disillutioned with this world.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,进行社会主义革命,进行一场激烈的争论,进行实地调查,进行亲切的谈话,进行侵略,进行协商,进行核试验,to,carry out,socialist revolution,to,carry on,a spirited debate,to,make,an on-the-spot investigation,to,have,a cordial conversation,to,commit,aggression,to,hold,consultation with,to,conduct,a nuclear test,动词与宾语的搭配,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,打开电视,打开信纸,主动打开门,应声打开门,个人卫生,公共卫生,环境卫生,turn on,the TV,unfold,the letter,open,the door,answer,the door,Personal,hygiene,Public,health,Environment,sanitation,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,上当,上瘾,上告,上年纪,上钩,上任,上刑,to,be taken in,to,be addicted,(to sth.),Get into the habit,to,complain,to the higher authorities,or,appeal,to a higher court,to be,getting on in years,To,rise to the bait,fall into a trap,to,take up an official post/ assume office,to,put sb to torture,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,2.3. 词汇的翻译技巧,2.3.1.抽象与具体,2.3.2.增词与减词,2.3.3.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,2.3.1 抽象&具体,所谓,具体译法,，就是在翻译过程中把原文中抽象或者是比较抽象的单词、词组或者句子用具体或者是比较具体的单词、词组或者句子来进行翻译，从而消除或者降低语言差别给翻译带来的损失，使译文产生与原文同样的效果。,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,快活的人,微不足道的人,正派的人,脾气暴躁的人,眼镜,勤奋卖力的人,飘渺的幸福,穿着讲究得人,难办的差事,最不受欢迎的东西,a jolly dog,a small potato,quite the clean potato,a surly dog,puddings and pies,a work horse,pie in the sky,a clothe horse,a tall order,garlic for desert,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,大吵大闹,公开认错,有花不完的钱,话中有话,获得全胜,机敏,坚决反对,侥幸,结为良缘,截然不同,家丑,raise the roof,stand in a white sheet,have enough money to burn,with the tongue in the cheek,sweep the board,keep ones eyes on the ball,put ones foot down,by the skin of ones teeth,win the hand of,oil and vinegar,a keleton in the cupboard,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,他每天要处理许多,棘手的问题,。,He has many,hot potatoes,to handle every day.,这个男孩真粗心，他的书本都已经,折角,了。,This boy is too careles; all his books are,dog-eared,.,你不要,过早乐观,，真正的困难还在后头呢。,Dont,count your chickens before they are hatched,. The real difficulties still lay ahead.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,他在演讲中用了许多术语，使听众听了,莫名其妙,。,He used so many technical terms in his speech that the audience could,make neither head nor tail of it,.,我不想,依靠父母,过日子。,I dont want to,hang on my parents sleeves,.,你应该,把好坏分清楚,。,You should,separate the sheep from the goats,.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,同,反复无常的人,没法相处。,Its hard to get along with,a man blowing hot and cold.,他们的,见解非常相似,。,Their ideas,run in the same groove,.,我知道你现在是,进退两难,。,I know you are,holding a wolf by the ears,.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,工地上传来,马达声,。,From the construction site comes the,rumbling,of the machines.,清幽的小巷里想起了,清脆的自行车铃声,。,I heard the,crisp jangling,of the bicycle rising form the quiet alley.,刹车声,刺激了我的神经。,The,screeching,of the breaks got on my nerves.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,为了译文的忠实与通顺，我们往往有必要把原文中带有具体意义或者具体形象的单词、词组、成语或句子进行抽象化处理。这种翻译方法叫做,抽象译法,。,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,暴力,事件,混乱,状态,隔离,政策,轻松愉快的,心情,解决,方法,violence,confusion,segregation,light-heartedness,solution,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,谦虚,态度,发展,过程,稳定,性,灵敏,度,无知的,表现,残暴,行为,同情,心理,modesty,development,stability,sensibility,innocence,brutality,sympathy,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,鸡毛蒜皮,开门见山,狗急跳墙,顺手牵羊,守株待兔,铜墙铁壁,唇枪舌剑,黔驴技穷,单枪匹马,生龙活虎,trifling,come straight to the point,do sth desperate,walk off with sth,trust to chance and stroke of luck,an impregnable fortress,engage in a battle of words,at ones wits end,all by oneself,bursting with energy,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,我们要重视沿海与内地的贫富,差距问题,。,we must pay close attention to,the problem of the gap,between coastal and inland areas.,We must pay close attention to,the gap,between coastal and inland areas.,我们必须与腐败和各种,不公正现象,作斗争。,We must fight against,corruption and injustice,.,你必须提出一些,解决方案,。,You must work out some,solutions,.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,想起他年轻时的,一些事情,，他心里感到安慰。,It was the,memories,of his youth that gave him comfort.,我知道我会碰到,严寒酷暑,。,I knew I would encounter,extremes of weath,er,.,那辆小汽车是他刚弄到手的值得夸耀的,东西,。,The car is a proud new,acquisition,of his.,山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译,他瞪着她来，,急得像热锅上的蚂蚁,。,He waited for her arrival with,a frienzied agitation,.,允跪而言曰：“百姓有,倒悬之危,，君臣有,危卵之急,，非汝不能救也”（罗贯中三国演义）,Wang Yun knelt saying,The people are,on the break of destruciton, the prince and his officers are,in jeopardy, and you are the only saviour.,妈妈非常激动，我感到她的背在颤抖，就在那一刻，我第一次明白妈妈也有,脆弱的一面,。,In that moment, feeling mothers back racked with emotion, I understood for the first time her,vulnerability,.,山东财经大学chapt