名词性从句英语课堂课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,1,Point out the function of each,noun,in the,following sentences:,1.The world,loves,nature,.,2.Knowledge,is,power,.,3.We,Chinese,are,peace-,loving.,subject,object,predicative,subject,subject,apposition,predicative,2,名词性从句,?,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,His job,is important,.,What he does,is important,.,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,3,宾语,I don,t like his job,.,I don,t like what he does every day,.,同位语,I don,t know about the man, Mr. White.,I don,t know about the fact that he is,Mr.White.,4,什么叫名词性从句？,?,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句,(,Noun Clauses,）,?,名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在,复合句中能担任,主语、宾语、表语、同,位语,等,?,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名,词从句又可分别称为,主语从句、宾语从,句、表语从句,和,同位语从句,5,What are noun clauses?,His story,is interesting.,What he said,is,interesting.,I heard his story.,I heard what he said.,I listen to his story.,I listen to what he said.,This is his story.,This is what he said.,The idea of going,there is good.,The idea that we go,there is good.,Subject clause,Object clause,Object clause after,a preposition,Predictive clause,Appositive clause,6,Practice time,：,指出下列各名词性从句的种类,1.,At lunchtime, the radio weatherman,reported,that the mist would become a,thick fog in the afternoon.,2. She wondered,if the buses would still be,running,.,3. The truth is,that the fog is too thick for the,bus to run that far,.,4.,When we will start,is not clear.,5.,I had no idea,that you were her friend.,Object clause,Object clause,Predicative clause,Subject clause,Appositive clause,7,名词性从句中的,连接词,有,:,连词,:,that / whether / as if(though);,连接代词,:,what / who/ which / whose /,whatever / whoever / whomever,/ whichever,，,连接副词,:,where / when / why / how,/ wherever / whenever,。,8,引导词,?,句型转换,?,1.,They are good doctors. He told us. ,?,2. He hadnt said anything at the meeting.,The fact surprised us.,He told us,that,they were good doctors.,The fact,that,he hadnt said anything,at the meeting surprised us.,总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变,成名词性从句用,that,引导。,9,3.Does your sister get up early? Do you know?,4.Do animals have the same senses as,humans? I often wonder. ,Do you know,if/ whether,your sister,gets up early?,I often wonder,if/ whether,animals have,the same senses as humans.,总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，,变成名词性从句用,if,或,whether,引导。,10,5.When did he buy this new bike? Could you tell,me?,6.My question is this: where will the lecture,be given? ,Could you tell me,when,he bought this,new bike?,My question is,where,the lecture will be,given.,总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，,变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑,问词来引导。,11,总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。,另外，一般情况下，名词性从句均看,作单数概念。由,what,引导的一般看后,面的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主,句保持一致。,1.What we need,more time.,2.What we need more English,dictionaries.,are,is,12,Practice time.,单句改错,1.That the earth turns around the sun are known to,all.,2.When the meeting will be held havent been,known yet.,3.I didnt know that you will come.,4.He said that he is writing a story.,5.Could you tell me when will he arrive?,6.You can begin to see why does English have such,strange rules.,_,is,_,hasnt,_,would,_,was,_,he will,_,English has,13,Object Clauses,宾语从句,14,1.,I,know,him,.,2.,I,know,who,he,is,.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾,语,从,句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主,句,（复合句）,15,宾语从句的概念：,宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。,句子结构：,主句,+,连词（引导词）,+,简单句或其一部分,16,一、连词（引导词）,1.,当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和,否定句），连词由,that,引导，因为,that,在从,句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略,?,She,says,(that),she,wont,take,part,in,the,sports,meeting,next,Sunday.,?,Jim,thought,(that),the,train,was,like,a,big,moving,party.,17,?,2.,宾语从句中的连接词,that,在以下三种情况,下不能省略：,?,（,1,）当,that,从句与另一名词性从句并列作,宾语时，第二个,that,不能省；,?,（,2,）当,that,作介词宾语时，,that,不可省掉。,?,（,3,）用,it,做形式宾语的宾语从句,?,Everyone knew what happened and,that,she,was worried.,?,The reason lies in,that,she works harder than,the others do.,?,I think it necessary,that,you should read,English aloud.,18,3.,在主句为动词,be,加某些形容词（如,sorry,sure,afraid,glad,等）作表语时，后面所跟,的省略,that,的从句也可算是宾语从句,?,Im,sorry,(that),I,dont,know,.,?,Were,sure,(that),our,team,will,win,.,?,Im,afraid,(that),he,wont,pass,the,exam,.,19,4.,当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词,whether,或,if,引导（口语中常用,if,），因为,if/whether,翻,译成：,“,是否,”,，具有一定的意义，所以不,能省略,?,Lily,wanted,to,know,if,/whether,her,grandma,liked,the,handbag,.,?,Lets,see,if,/whether,we,can,find,out,some,information,about,that,city,.,?,She,asked,me,if,/whether,she,could,borrow,these,books,.,20,whether,与,if,的辨用,?,表,“,是否,”,时，在下列情况下用,whether,。,?,a.,主语从句,b.,表语从句,c.,同位语从句,d.,介词后的宾语从句,e.,后接动词不定式,(,whether to do sth.),f .whether or not,连在一起引导宾语从句,时不用,if,21,Practice time,if / whether,1. I asked her _ she had a,bike.,3. We,re worried about _ he is,safe.,4. I don,t know _ he is well,or not.,5. I don,t know _ or not he is,well.,8. I don,t know _ to go.,if,/ whether,whether,whether /if,whether,whether,22,5.,当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代,词（,what,who,whom,whose,）或连接副词,（,when,where,how,why,）引导，因为连,接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句,子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省,略,?,Do,you,know,what,he,said,just,now,?,?,I,dont,remember,when,we,arrived,.,?,I,asked,him,where,I,could,get,so,much,money,.,?,Please,tell,me,who,(whom),we,have,to,see,.,?,Do,you,know,what,time,the,plane,leaves,?,23,带,how,的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,?,Could you tell us,how often,you go abroad for,a holiday ?,?,Could you tell us,how long,the meeting will last ?,?,I dont know,how far,it is to the cinema .,?,Please tell us,how many,students there are in,your school ?,?,Can you tell us,how old,his brother is ?,?,Please tell us,how soon,you will be ready .,?,Could you tell us,how much,it costs to fly to,Hainan ?,24,二、时态,1.,如果主句是现在的时态,（包括一般现在时,，,现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根,据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过,去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,?,I,know,he,lives,here,.,?,I,know,he,lived,here,ten,years,ago,.,?,I,have,heard,that,he,will,come,tomorrow,.,25,2.,如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过,去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应,的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进,行时，过去将来时，,过去完成时）,?,I,knew,who,lived,here.,?,I,saw,she,was,talking,with,her,mother.,?,He,asked,whether,his,father,would,come,back,tomorrow.,?,He,said,that,he,had,seen,it,.,26,3.,当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理,时用一般现在时。,?,The,teacher,said,that,the,earth,travels,around,the,sun.,27,1.,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.,(be),2.,The headmaster hopes everything _,well. (go),3.,Tom says that they _ (play),basketball at six o,clock yesterday evening.,4.,I hear they _ (return) it,already.,5.,He said that they _ members of the,Party since 1948. (be),will be,goes,were playing,have returned,had been,28,6. I didn,t know what time he _,the letter. (write),7. Could you tell me who _ away,the book already? (take),8. Ling Feng told me he _ to,the Great Wall several times. (be),wrote,has taken,had been,29,三、语序,宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：,连接词,+,主语,+,谓语,+,其他成分,30,1.,When,will,he,go,to,the,library?,His,brother,asks,when,he,will,go,to,the,library,.,His,brother,asks,when,will,he,go,to,the,library,.,2.,What,does,he,want,to,buy,?,I,dont,know,what,he,wants,to,buy,.,I,dont,know,what,does,he,want,to,buy,.,?,?,31,1,could,/,would,是委婉语气，而不是过去式，,因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同,时态。,注意事项,?,Could,you,please,tell,me,where,we,show,our,tickets,?,?,Could,you,tell,us,which,gate,we,have,to,go,to,?,?,Would,you,like,to,know,when,he,will,come,back,?,32,2.,如果主句的谓语动词是,ask,时，连词不可能,是,that,；如果主句的谓语动词是,say,时，连,词用,that,?,She,says,(that),she,will,leave,a,message,on,his,desk,.,?,He,said,(that),he,was,going,to,take,care,of,the,child,.,?,He,asks,if,I,like,playing,the,piano,.,?,You,may,ask,the,man,over,there,how,you,can,get,to,the,bus,station,.,33,3.,否定的转移,:,若主语谓语动词为,think,consider, suppose, believe, expect,guess, imagine,等,其后的宾语从句若,含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到,主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。,I dont,think,this dress fits you well.,(,我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。,),34,4. it,常可以放在动词,think, find, consider,believe, feel, make,等后作为形式宾语,:it,不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为,形式宾语而真正的宾语,-that,从句则放,在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。,We heard,it that,she would get,married next month.,35,Predicative Clauses,表语从句,36,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性,从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是,“,主语,+,系动词,+,表语从句,”,。可以,接表语从句的系动词有,be, look,remain, seem,等。另外,常用的还有,the reason why is that ,和,It is,because ,等结构。例如：,37,.,表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放,在连系动词之后,.,作用,:,对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：,that / whether,/as if /as though,（,if,不,引导,表语从句,),连接代词：,who / whom / whose / which / what,连接副词：,when / where / why / how / because,The question is,whether,we can rely on,him.,That,s,because,we were in need of money at,that time .,He looked,as if,he was going to cry .,That,s,why,I was late .,38,注,意：,1.,在表语从句中，表“是否”,时，只能用,“,whether,”不能用“,If,”。,2.,一般情况下，“,that,”不能省。,3.,It is /was because .,It is /was why.,3. The reason (why/for)is /was that.,4 The reason is because /why,that .,39,名词主语,+be+that,引起的表语从句,在这种句型中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，,如：,fact, truth,或表示看法，观点的名词，如：,idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan,等,作主语。,如：,1.The,fact,is,that,our team has won the game.,2.The,truth,is,that,she was the very person who,informed against her husband.,40,注意,表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语,从句相同,.,但,:,1.,that,引导表语从句时不能省,.,2.,if,不能引导表语从句,.,41,1. That,s _ the Party called on us to do.,A. why B. what C. how D. that,2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the,machine.,A. because B. why C. that D. Whether,3 .That is _ they separated.,A. that B. what C. which D. where,4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.,A. what B. which C. that D. when,42,Subject Clauses,主语从句,43,1.,主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分,1),.,That,he will succeed,is certain .,2),Whether,he will go there,is not known .,3),What,he said,is not true .,4),Where,he hid the money,is to be found out .,5),Whoever,comes,is welcome.,6) It,s certain,that,he will succeed .,7),How,we can help the twins,will be discussed,at the meeting.,8),When,they,ll start the project,has not been,decided yet.,44,考点一,:,主语从句后置,!,为了避,免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用,it,作,形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语,.,例,:,That we shall be late is certain.,-,Its certain that we shall be late.,1. That the earth is round is known to all.,-,2. That you missed the chance is a pity.,-,由连词,whether ,连接代词,what,who,which,和连接副词,when,where,why,how,等引导,.,也,常常后置,:,It is a pity that you missed the chance.,Its known to all that the earth is round.,45,It,的用法：,（形式主语）,It possible/important/necessary/clear,that,很可能,/,重要的是,/,必要的是,/,很清楚,Its said/ reported that.,据说,/,据报道,Its been announced/declared that.,已经通知,/,宣,布,It seems/appears/happens. that,显然、明显、,碰巧,.,Its no wonder that,并不奇怪,/,无疑,Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (,众所周知）,/,a common saying.,（俗话说）,46,?,考点二,?,注意：主语从句中,，谓语动词一般用单数,?,What,引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定,?,What he needs,_is_,that book.,?,What he needs _,are_,some books.,47,what,引导名词性从句时在从句中,充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而,that,则不然,它在句子中只起连接作,用。例如：,(1),What,you said yesterday is right.,(2),That,she is still alive is a puzzle.,What,与,that,引导主语从句,48,由,that,引导,:,1.,That we shall be late,is certain.,2. _ is known to all.,(,地球是圆的,),3. _ is a pity.,(,你错过了这次机会,),that,无意义,后接一个完整的句子,.,that,不可省,That the earth is round,That you missed the chance,49,注,意：,1.,What you left,are,only several old,books.,2.,What you said,is,of great importance.,3.,What he,says and,does,doesn,t,concern me.,4.,What he says and does,don,t,agree.,“,if,”,不能引导主语从句，应有,“,whether,”,引导。,主语从句的,“,that,”,一般不能省。,“,what,”,引导主语从句时，谓语动词：,1,）常与其后的名词作表语一致,2,）根据句子的语境而定。,50,1.,_ he made an important speech at the,meeting was true.,A. That B. Why C. What D. How,2. _we,ll go camping tomorrow depends,on the weather .,A If B Whether C That D Where,3._ is known to us all is that America is a,developed country_the First World.,a.Which; belong to b. As, belonged to,c. What; belonging to d. It; belonging to,51,4. It,s known to us all _ a form of energy .,A. water is B. that water is,C. is water D. that water to,5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was,turning gray.,A. whether B. that C. what D. when,6.What I say and think _ none of your,business.,A. is B. are C. has D have,52,Appositive Clauses,同位语从句,53,同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分，其一般,跟在一些抽象名词（,idea,；,belief,；,fact,；,truth,；,problem,；,news,等）后面，对名词作,进一步解释说明,.,n.+,连接词,+,从句,同位语从句常用,that,引导或用连接副词,when /,where/why / how / whether,1),The idea,that computers can recognize,human voices,surprises many people .,2).Sydney kept his promise,that he would,always do anything he could for Lucie to,make sure of her happiness.,54,注,:,1.,同,位语从句多用,that,引导,2.,在,have,no,idea,之后常用,wh-,引导同位语,从句,.,I,have,no,idea,where,he,has,gone,.,I,have,no,idea,when,he,did,it,.,I,have,no,idea,what,he,did,.,55,I have no idea,when,he will be back.,how,he can get the treasure.,where,the concert will be hold.,who,can finish the work.,why,it happened.,which,pen is mine.,what,we should do next.,whom,they are talking about.,whether,it,ll rain tomorrow,.,that,our football team won the game.,56,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact,worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in,China./ We heard the news last night.,_,_,_,The fact,that,two thirds of all girls are on a diet,worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,_,_,We heard,the news,last night,that,the Queen of,England was on a three-day visit in China,.,57,名词,demand, suggestion, proposal, advice,等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为,should + do, should,可省略,He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ),be calm now.,58,I have heard,the news that he visited our factory,.,I have heard,the news that he told you the other,day .,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,1,同位语从句,that,只起连接作用，不作任何成分,定语从句,that,是关系代词，起连接作用和充,当宾语和主语,2,同位语从句,同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系，,对名词进行补充说明,定语从句,定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对,名词进行修饰，加以限定,3,同位语从句,that,不能省,定语从句,that,在从句中作宾语时，可以省,59,Practice :,判断下列各句是同位语,从句还是定语从句,?,1.,They expressed the hope,that,they would,come to visit China again.,?,2.,The hope,that,she expressed is that they,would come to visit China again.,?,3.The fact,that,she works hard is well known,?,to us all.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,60,Thank you,61,1.,The,young,man,asked,_,its,summer,or,winter.,A.,either,B.,that,C.,weather,D.,whether,2.,We,dont,know,_,they,did,it,.,A.,how,B.,who,C.,what,D.,which,3.,The,teacher,asks,us,_,Jim,can,come,back,on,time,.,A.,that,B.,if,C.,when,D.,what,time,4.,Does,anybody,know,_,or,not,we,will,have,a,sports,meeting,this,weekend.,A.,if,B.,where,C.,whether,D.,that,D,A,B,C,62,5.,Could,you,show,me,_,?,A.,how,can,I,get,to,the,station,B.,where,is,the,station,C.,how,I,could,get,to,the,station,D.,how,I,can,reach,the,station,6. Please tell me _.,A. what does he like B. what he does like,C. what he likes D. what he like,7. My sister told him _ .,A. what day was it B. when the train arrived,C. who she was waiting D. where did you live,C,B,D,63,8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _ .,A. who is he B. who he is,C. who is it D. who it is,9. Could you tell me how long _ ?,A. you have bought the watch,B. you have kept this science book,C. have you been away from China,D. have you been a member of Greener China,10. He says that if it _ tomorrow , he _ fishing .,A. will rain , wont go B. rained , wasnt go,C. rains , wont go D. rain , will go,B,C,D,64,1. _made the school proud was _more than,90%of the students had been admitted to key,universities .,A What / because B What / that,C That / what D That / because,2._she couldn,t understand was _ fewer and,fewer students showed interest in her lessons .,A What / why B That / what,C What / because D Why / that,B,A,B,3,.,He is absent from school . It is _ he is seriously,ill. A. why B. because C. that D. the reason,65,4 _has helped to save the drowning girl is,worth praising .,A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever,5. Information has been put forward _ more,middle school graduates will be admitted into,universities .,A that B how C where D what,D,A,66,6,I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .,-,Is that _you had a few days off ?,A why B when C what D where,7,Are you still thinking about yesterday,s game ?,-,Oh ,that,s _.,A what makes me feel excited,B whatever I feel excited about,C how I feel about it,D when I feel excited,A,A,67,9,._ fashion differs from country to country may,reflect the cultural differences from one aspect .,A What B That C This D Which,10. When you answer questions in a job,interview ,please remember the golden,rule :Always give the monkey exactly _ he,wants .,A what B which C when D that,11. We made the suggestion that he _ his work .,A continues B continue,C continued D had continued,B,A,B,68,12.There will be a special price for _ buys,things in large number here.,A. who B. whom C. whoever D. Whomever,13. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had,failed to win the game .,A.why B. what C. who D. that (05),14.The poor young man is ready to accept _,help he can get. (05),A. whichever B. however,C. whatever D.whenever,69,14.Many newspaper printed the governor,s,statement _ would support a tax cut.,A.and he B. was that he C which he D that he,15._ man must fear when traveling in space is,radiation from the sun.,A.Which B. How C. What D. That,16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child,_ he or she wants.,A. However B. whatever,C. whichever D. whenever,70,1. Can you make sure _ the gold rings?,A. where she had put B. where had she put,C. where she has put D. where has she put,2.The reason that has been such a success _,he never gives up.,A. is B. is because C. is that D. is what,3. _ breaks the law should be punished.,?,A Whoever b. No matter who,c. anyone. d. who,71,4. That is _ I had to take the risk of being washed,away.,A. why B. reason why C. how D. what,5. Do _ you think is right _ difficulties you may,have.,A. what ;however B. that ;whatever,C. whatever ; whoever D. what; whatever,6.The workers considered it important _ the boss,would agree to give them a rise.,A. whether B. how C. where D. which,72,7. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would,visit me this coming Christmas.,A. which B. that C. what D. whether,8. Difficulty lies _ we have no money.,A. that B. in that C. in the fact D. in the fact that,10. I don,t think the question of _ they are old or young,is important.,A. which B. whether C. how D. why,73,13. The news _ Lincoln was murdered filled,the American people,s hearts with deep sorrow.,A. which B. when C. that D. how,14. _ he said at the meeting astonished,everyone present.,A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter,15. I don,t trust his promise _ he will buy me a,new car.,A. which B. what C. when D. that,74,16. She received the message _ he would come,by plane.,A. that B. which C. what D. when,17. Energy is _ makes things work.,A. what B. something C. anything D. that,18.Our city has changed a lot ,and now it is quite,different from _ a few years ago.,A. what it used to be B. that it used to be,C.which it used to be D. what was it,75,19. We all know the truth _ there are air ,water and,sunlight,there are living things.,A. wherever B. where C. that D. that wherever,20.The true value of life is not in _ , but_.,A. how you get ;that you give,B.which you get;what you give,C.what you get ;what you give,D. what do you get ;what do you give,21._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an,international language.,A. There B. This C. That D. It,76,