资源描述
单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Grammar,sentences,句子成份,句子一般由两个部分组成：,主语部分（,subject group,）,谓语部分（,predicate group,）,句子成份：,主,谓,宾,表,定,状,补,Members of sentence:,S -,subject,主,P -,predicative,表,O -,object,宾,Attri.-attribute,定,Adv.-,adverb,状,Oc -,object complement,宾补,1),主语（,subject,）,句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由,名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词,或从句,担任,常置于句首。,I like football.,The boy needs a pen.,2),谓语（,predicate,）,说明主语的动作或状态。由,动词,担任。,常置于主语后。,The train leaves at 6 o,clock.,I want a ticket.,3),宾语,（,object,）,表示,vt.,的动作对象或,prep.,所联系的对象。,由,n.,或相当于,n.,的词担任。置于,vt.,或,prep.,后。,He won the game. On the desk,Tome lost his life in the big fire.,4),表语,（,predicative,）,用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。,由,n.,或,adj.,担任。置于系动词之后。,He is a student.,除了,be,系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，,1),表,感官的动词,:,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem,等。,2),表,转变变化,的动词,:,become, get, grow, turn, go,等,3),表,延续,的动词,remain, keep, stay,等,。,5),宾补（,objective complement,）,补充说明宾语的情况,。,由,n. /adj. /,介宾,/,分词,/,不定式等担任。,They made him king.,?,?,I consider the book too expensive.,?,?,6),定语（,attributive,）,对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，,汉语中常用,的表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。,( ),The black bike is mine.,说明,1,：当定语修饰不定代词如：,nothing , anything ,everything , something,等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语,我告诉他一些有趣的事情。,I tell him something interesting .,说明,2,：,不定式、短语或从句,作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。,这间屋子里的男孩子们是,10,班的。,The students in the room are in Class Nine.,7),状语（,adverbial,）,用以修饰,adj.,/,v.,/,adv.,及全句,位置灵活,。,通常在句子基本结构,之后，强调时放在句首；,修饰,形容词或副词,时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；,表示,时间、地点、目的的状语,一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句,首，,一些表示不确定时间（如：,often,）或程度（如：,almost,）的副,词状语通常位于,be,动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。,I am very sorry.,We often help him.,When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher .,（从句作时间状语,),句子类型,简单句,并列句,复合句,.,简单句,1,. Things changed.,2,. Trees are green.,主,+,谓,3,. We don,主,+,谓,t beat children.,+,表,主,+,谓,+,宾,4,. He gave his sister the piano.,5,. I found the book easy.,主,+,谓,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,? ?,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,Practice,Nobody went.,She became a doctor.,主,+,谓,The car caught fire.,主,+,谓,+,表,I will write you a long letter.,主,+,谓,+,宾,I will let him go.,主,+,谓,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,?,?,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,.,并列句,This is me and these are my friends.,and,They must stay in water, or they will die.,or,It,s not cheap, but it is very good.,but,It was late, so I went to bed.,so,He knocked at the door; there was no answer.,You,re alive! And she,s dead.,.,复合句,主语从句,名词性从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,状语从句,定语从句,He said,that,he didnt like her.,A plane is a machine,that,can fly.,状语从句,分为九类：,时间、地点、原因、结果、,目的、条件、让步、方式、程度,1),时间状语从句,Wait until you are called.,When spring came, leaves turn green.,常用的关联词有：,as, after, before, since,till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever,等,2),地点状语从句,Put it where you found it.,Sit down wherever you like.,常用的关联词有：,where, wherever, anywhere,3),原因状语从句,As I didn,t know the way, I asked a,policeman,常用的关联词有：,because, as, since,4),结果状语从句,I was in the bath so that I didn,t hear,the telephone.,常用的关联词有：,so, so,that, such,that,5),目的状语从句,I,ll show you so you will see how it,s done.,常用的关联词有：,so, so that, in order that,6),条件状语从句,If it snows tomorrow, we will build a,snowman.,常用的关联词有：,on condition that,if, unless, in case that,7),让步状语从句,Though I,any instrument.,m fond of music,I can,t play,常用的关联词有：,even if, even though,though, although,8),方式状语从句,He did just as you told him.,常用的关联词有：,as, as if, as though, how,9),程度状语从句,So long as you need me, I,ll stay.,常用的关联词有：,so, so that, as far as,so long as,名词性从句,1),主语从句,* What he said is not known.,* That we shall be late is certain.,* It is certain that we shall be late.,so quiet!,* How strange it is that the children are,2,）,表语从句,* That,is,what he wants to buy.,* The problem,is,that who we can,get to replace her?,* The reason,is,that he has lied to,me several times.,3),宾语从句,* I understand that he is well qualified.,* He said that he didn,t like her.,* I don,t know if you can help me.,4),同位语从句,* Where did you get the idea,the idea,that I couldn,t come?,* The question who should do the work,The question,requires consideration.,* Mother made a promise,a promise,that she would buy me a new coat.,注意！,引导词,that & what,* that,与,what,都可以引导名词性从句。,* what,在从句中充当句子成份（主,宾,表）。,* That,在句中只起连接作用，不充当成份。,* that,在引导名词性从句时不可省略（宾语从句除外）,.,That is what he wants to buy.,That we shall be late is certain.,He said (that) he didn,t like her.,Grammar,sentences,
展开阅读全文