《介词的用法》讲解课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,介词的用法,英语语法讲解,一、定义,介词,preposition,缩写,prep.,，又叫前置词，表示其后的名词或代词（或是相当于名词的其他短语或从句）与其他句子成分的关系。介词是一种,虚词,，,不能单独在句中作成分。,二、介词的用法,1,、表示时间的（,at,、,on,、,in,、,at,、,before ,after,、,by,、,until,、,through,、,from,、,since,、,within,）,(1),at,:,用于表示时刻，时间的某一点。,at noon,在午时,at night,在夜间,at present,目前,(2),on,:,用于星期，某天，某一天的上午、下午、晚上,(,指具体的某一天时，一律用,),On Sunday,在星期天,on Sunday morning,在星期天的上午,on March 8,在,3,月,8,日,(3),in,:,用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。,in 1999,在,1999,年,in November,在,11,月份,in summer,在夏季,in the afternoon,在下午,过,后,(,未来时间,):,I think he will be back in an hour .,我想他一小时后就会回来。,I heard that she would be back in a month.,我听说她一个月 后回来的。,(4),before,：,在,之前,Wei,hua,got up before 7 oclock this morning .,今天早晨，魏华在,7,点之前起床了。,5),after,：,在,之后,After that ,no,noe,should ever kill,a seagull,.,从那时起，任何人不得捕杀海鸥。,(6),by,：,在,前,(,时间,),，截止,(,到,),By,the time I arrived ,she had already gone .,在我到达之前，她已经走了。,(,7)for,：,达,之久,(,表示过了多少时间,),可以和一般现在时，过去时，将来时连用，但是经常和完成时连用。,Florence often worked for twenty-four hours without rest,.,弗洛沦斯常常工作,24,小时而不休息。,（,8,）,during,：,在,期间,During the lifetime of one man ,North America and Europe will more further apart by nearly two,metres,.,在一个人的一生期间，北美洲和欧洲由于漂移，其间的距离将要增加差不多两米。,(9,）,through,：,一直,(,从开始到结束,),He,who led the United States through these years ,was shot on April 14, 1865 ,at a theater in Washington,领导美国度过了这些年代的他，于,1865,年,4,月,14,日在美国华盛顿一家戏院里被人枪杀。,(10,）,from,：,从,起,(,时间,),The,worders,were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening .,工人们被迫从早,7,点工作到晚,7,点。,(11,）,since,：,自从,以来,(,表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续,),Since,that time ,my eyes had never been very good.,从那时起，我的眼睛一直不是很好。,(,12)within:,不,超过的范围,He will arrive within an hour .,他一小时内就人到。,2,、,表示地点,（,at,、,in,、,on,、,under,、,over,、,above,、,below,、,near,、,by,、,between,、,among,、,around,、,around,、,in front of,、,behind,、,in,、,into,、,out of,、,along,、,across,、,through,、,to,、,for,、,from),(1),at:,在某地点,(,表示比较狭窄的场所,),at,school,上学,at home,在家,at 320,Xinfu,District,在新抚区,320,号,at,the station,在火车站,(,2)in:,在某地,(,表示比较宽敞的场所,),She,will arrive in Shanghai at ten .10,点她将到达上海。,(3),表示地点方向的,on ,under ,over ,above ,below,on,:,在,上面，有接触面,on the table,在桌子上面,above:,在,上方,Sometimes Juliana could hear planes above the trees.,有时朱莉安娜能听到树林上空的飞机声。,over:,在,正上方，是,under,的反义词,Over these tombs ,they built pyramids .,在这些坟墓上，他们建起了金字塔。,under,：在,下面，在,之内,The twin sisters put the basket under the tree .,这姐俩把篮子放到了树下。,below,：在,下方，,(,不一定是正下方,),Three,thousand,metres,below her ,she could see nothing except the thick jungle .,3000,米以下，除了茂密的丛林之外，她什么也看不见。,(4)near ,by,near,:,近的，不远的,(,=not,far),是的反义词,near,还可以指时间，,in the near future,在不远的将来。,Greens lake was a small lake near his home .,格林湖是他家附近的一个小湖。,by:,在,旁边，比的距离要近,Juliana walked by the side of the river for six more long days .,朱莉安娜沿着河岸又走了足足,6,天。,(5)between ,among ,around,between:,在两者之间,The differences between American English and British English are not very great .,美国英语和英国英语之间的差别不是很大。,among:,在三者或者更多的之中,There are some American students among us .,在我们中间有几个美国学校。,around:,环绕，在,.,的周围，在,的四周,They arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it,.,他们到达了四周有高山环绕的山谷,(6)in front of ,behind,in front of :,在,的前面,There is a car in front of the house .,房子前面有一辆小汽车。,behind :,在,.,后边,:,Are there any cows behind the house ?,房子后面有一些牛吗？,(7)in ,into ,out of,in:,在,.,之内，用于表示静止的位置,There are four girls in the room.,房间里有,4,个女孩。,into:,进入,用于表示有特定终点的运动方向，通常用于表示动作的动作之后。,如,:come ,go ,walk ,jump ,run.,She took me from the hall into my classroom .,她把我从门厅带进我的教室里边去。,(8)along ,across ,through,along:,沿着,Go along,Zhongshan,Road and turn right at the second crossing .,沿着中山路走然后在第二个十这路口向右拐。,across:,横过,(,平面物体,),Very,slowly,the,continents are moving across the face of the world .,各个洲在地球表面缓缓漂移。,through:,贯通，通过,The students walked through the gate with Uncle Wang .,学生们随着王叔叔通过大门。,(9)to ,for ,from,到达,地点,(,目的地,),或方向,Wheres Jack? He has gone to London.,杰克上哪了？他去伦敦了。,for,：表示目的，为了,Do,you know what he comes here for ?,你知道他为什么来这儿吗？,from,：从,地点起,How far is it from London to New York?,从伦敦到纽约有多远？,3,、表示手段和材料的介词用法,1,）,with,和,在一起,These plates keep moving ,like great ships ,carrying the continents with them .,这些板块载着各个大陆，像航船一样不断地漂移。,具有，带有,A person with good manners is always kind and polite.,有礼貌的人总是和和气气，彬彬有礼的。,用某种工具或方法,He could swim with some special swimming shoes.,穿着一些特制的游泳鞋，他能游泳。,(2,）,in:,表示用什么材料,(,例如：墨水，铅笔等,),或用什么语言。表示衣着，声调特点时，不用,with,而用,in,。,Whats this in English.,这个用英语怎么说？,(3,）,by:,通过,方法，手段,What do you mean by the,word“island,”,？ “,island”,是什么意思,I prefer traveling by train .,我更喜欢乘火车旅行。,4,、其他,(1,）,of , from,of,属于,),的，表示,.,的数量或种类,It was beginning of the term .,这是学期开始的时候。,from:,来自,(,某地，某人,),，以,.,起始,She is a lady from Canada .,她是一位加拿大的女士。,(2)without ,like ,as,without,:,没有，是,with,的反义词,She often worked for twenty-four without rest .,她通常工作,24,小时而不休息。,like:,像,一样,Like many children of her age ,Ding Fang is a Young Pioneer .,像很多同龄的孩子一样同，丁芳是个少先队员。,as:,作为,They are carrying us as passengers.,它们把我们当作乘客运载着。,(3)against:,反对。靠着,Everyone tried to fight against the locusts .,所有的人奋力扑打蝗虫。,(4) about:,关于，各处，四周,Nightingale wrote a book about nursing .,南丁格尔写了一部关于护理方面的书。, 询问某人，某物的情况或提出建议,What about your family ?,你家里人怎么样？,口诀,1:,年月周前要用,in,，日子前面却不行。,遇到几号要用,on,，上午下午又是,in,。,要说某日上下午，用,on,换,in,才能行。,午夜黄昏用,at,，黎明用它也不借。,at,也在时分前，说“差”用,to,，说“过”要用,past,。,口诀,2:,in,在,里，,out,在,外，,在旁边的是,beside,，靠近的为,by,。,on,在,上，,under,在,下，,above,在上头，,below,在底下。,口诀,3:,this,、,that,、,tomorrow,，,yesterday,，,next,、,last,、,one,。,接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。,over,、,under,正上下，,above,、,below,则不然，,若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。,beyond,超出、无、不能，,against,靠着，对与反。,besides,，,except,分内外，,among,之内,along,沿。,同类比较,except,，加,for,异类记心间。,口诀,4:,before,、,after,表一点, ago,、,later,表一段。,before,能接完成时，,ago,过去极有限。,since,以来,during,间，,since,时态多变换。,与之相比,beside,，除了,last but one,。,口诀,5,：,早、午、晚要用,in,例：,in the morning,在早上,in the afternoon,在下午,in the evening,在晚上,in the day,在白天,黎明、午、夜、点与分用,at,例,: at dawn, at daybreak,在黎明时候,at noon,在中午,at night,在夜间,at midnight,在午夜,at six oclock,在,6,点钟,at 7,：,30 (seven thirty),在,7,点半,at half past eleven,在,11,点半,at nine fifteen,在,9,点,15,分,at ten thirty a.m.,在上午,10,点,30,分,at the weekend,在周末,年、月、年月、季节、周用,in,。,例；,in 1986,在,1986,年,in 1927,在,1927,年,in April,在四月,in March,在三月,in December 1986,1986,年,12,月,in July l983 1983,年,7,月,in spring,在春季,in summer,在夏季,in autumn,在秋季,in winter,在冬季,in the fist week of this semester,这学期的第一周,in the third week,在第三周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒雨用,in,，,在阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下，穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用,in,。,例：,Dont read,in dim light.,切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。,They are reviewing their lessons,in the bright light.,他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。,They are sitting in the shade of a tree.,他们坐在树阴下乘凉。,He,went in the rain,to meet me at the station.,他,冒雨,到车站去接我。,in the bright sunlight,在明亮的阳光下,the woman,in white,穿着白色衣服的妇女,来时态,in.,以后将,例,: They will come back in 10 days.,他们将,10,天以后回来。,Ill come round in a day or two.,我一两天就回来。,Well be back in no time.,我们一会儿就回来。,Come and see me in two days time.,两天后来看我。,(,从现在开始,),after,. (,从过去开始,),小处,at,大处,in,Im,in,Liaoning, at,Anshan,.,我住在辽宁省鞍山市,有形,with,无形,by,，语言、单位、材料,in,例：,The workers are paving a road with stone.,工人们正用石子铺路。,(,有形,),The,teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen.,这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。,(,有形,),Taking,Tiger Mountain by Strategy is a good opera.,是,-,出好戏。,(,无形,),The product is separated,by,distilation,into gasoline and gas oil.,这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。,(,表示方式、手段、方法,-,无形,),I really cant express my idea,in English,freely in-deed,我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。,(,表示某种语言用,in),The,kilometer is the biggest unit of length,in the metric system,公里是米制中最长的长度单位。,(,表示度、量、衡单位的用,in ),This,board was cast in bronze not,in gold.,这个牌匾是铜铸的，不是金铸的。,特征、方面与方式、心情成语惯用,in,特征或状态：,They found the patient in a coma.,他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。,He has not been in good health for some years.,他几年来身体一直不好。,The house was in ruins.,这房屋成了废墟。,Her clothes were in rags.,她的衣服穿破了。,还有一些心理短语也用,in,，如：,in jest,诙谐地，,in joke,开玩笑地，,in spite,恶意地，,in fairness,公正地，,in revenge,报复, in mercy,宽大，,in sorrow,伤心地等。,介词,at,、,to,表方向，攻击、位置、善、恶、分,。,介词,at,和,to,都可以表示方向,;,用,at,表示方向时，侧重于攻击的目标，往往表示,恶意,；用,to,表,示方向时，突出运动的位置或动作的对象，侧重表示,善意,。,She came at me.,她向我扑过来。,She came to me.,她向我走过来。,He shouted at the old man.,他大声呵斥那老人。,He shouted to the old man.,他大声向那老人说。,She talked at you just now.,她刚才还说你坏话呢。,She talked to you just now.,她刚才还同你谈话呢,.,She,threw a bone at the dog.,她用一块骨头砸狗。,She threw a bone to the dog.,她把一块骨头扔给狗吃,