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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Unit One,Text I Two Words to Avoid, Two,Words to Remember,?,I. Library Work,?,1. Manhattan, an island near the mouth of,the Hudson River, is a borough of New,York City, in southeastern New York,State, U.S.A. Commercial and cultural,heart of the city, Manhattan is the site of,the Metropolitan Opera House, Carnegie,Hall, the City Center of Music and Drama,I. Library Work,?,and numerous other music,institutions. Main museums and art,galleries of Manhattan include the,Metropolitan Museum of Art, and,American Museum of Natural,History, etc. Columbia University,and New York University are also,located here. Among other points of,I. Library Work,interest are the Rockefeller Center, the,Empire State Building.,?,A psychiatrist is a medical practitioner,specializing in the diagnosis, and,treatment of mental illness. Generally,after completion of medical training,physicians take a three-year residency in,psychiatry to become qualified,?,I. Library Work,psychiatrists. As psychiatry is an area of,medicine, psychiatrists tend to view and,conceptualize disordered behavior as,types of mental illness.,?,Those who have mental illness,psychological and emotional disorders,consult psychiatrists.,?,I. Library Work,?,Sigmund Freud /,zikmunt,froit/ (1856 -,1939) is an Austrian physician and the,founder of psychoanalysis. Freud,explored the workings of the human,mind and developed psychoanalysis as a,therapeutic technique to treat neurosis,or mental disturbances. His idea of the,unconscious mental processes and his,I. Library Work,?,theory that a principal cause of neurosis,is the repression of painful memories,into the unconscious hold a central place,in psychology and psychiatry today.,II. Organization of the Text,I. Setting of the story (Paragraphs 1,3),?,The instructive significance of the,story (1),?,Setting (2,3),?,II. Development of the story (Paragraphs,4,31),?,In the little French restaurant (4,8),?,II. Organization of the Text,In the Old Mans office (9 ,26),?,Outside the office (27 -31),?,III. Denouement or conclusion,(Paragraphs 32,33),?,III. Key Points of the Text,?,Paragraph 1,?,rewarding:,worth doing; satisfying,?,change,for the better:,improve,something that already exists or that,has gone before,向着较好的情况转变；,为了取得更好的结果,Paragraph 1,E.g.:,His health has,change,d,for the,better,.,他的健康状况已有好转。,?,make alterations,for the better,in the,design of a house,修改房屋的设计使之更,?,趋完善,Paragraph 1,c.f.:,change,for the worse:,make worse,something that already exists or that has,gone before,向着较坏的情况转变，更不好,?,E.g.:,He bought a new car but it turned,out to be,for the worse,.,他买了一辆新汽车，,?,但结果比原来的还不好。,Paragraph 1,?,for better (or) for worse (,或,for better,or worse):,in both good and bad,fortune; whether the result is good,or bad,同甘共苦,祸福与共,;,不管是好,是歹,不论是祸是福,;,不管结果怎样,Paragraph 1,?,E.g.:,He has resolved to take her,for,better or for worse,.,不论是福是祸，他,决心娶她为妻。,?,Most leave-taking -,for better or,worse,-,are temporary affairs.,不管怎样，,大多数的告别只是暂别。,Paragraph 1,Nothing in life is more exciting and,rewarding than the sudden flash of light,that leaves you a changed person -,not,only changed, but changed for the better:,?,The most inspiring and gratifying fact of,life is the unexpected spark of,enlightenment that makes you different,and a better person than before.,?,Paragraph 1,According to the author, how much did,the session with his psychiatrist friend,that afternoon mean to him?,?,To him, the session was just like “a flash,of insight that leaves him a changed,person -,not only changed, but changed,for the better.”,?,Paragraph 2,?,wintry:,of or like winter; cold, snowy,(,似,),冬天的；寒冷的；多雪的,?,E.g.:,a,wintry,smile,冷若冰雪的微笑,Paragraph 2,frustrated:,feeling annoyed,disappointment because of the,prevention of the fulfillment of or defeat,of someone or someones effort, hopes,etc.,表示作出的某种努力受阻而失望或沮丧,?,E.g.:,Im feeling rather,frustrated,in my,present job; I need a change.,?,Paragraph 2,?,感到很失望；我终归还是去不成了。,?,depressed:,I feel,frustrated,; I cant go after all!,我,sad; low in spirits,沮丧的；,抑郁的；（意志）消沉的,?,E.g.:,I feel really,depressed,today,nothing went right.,今天我真倒霉，什,么都不顺利。,Paragraph 2,on ones part:,made or done by one,某人,所做的，某人有责任的；就某人而言，在某,人一方；代表某人,?,E.g.:,I consider this a gross oversight,on,your part,.,我认为这是你的严重疏忽。,?,It was the lapse,on the part of my wife,.,?,这是我妻子出的差错。,Paragraph 2,There are still some doubts,on the part,of the employers,.,雇主方面仍心存怀疑。,?,A frank question,on his part,led to a,frank answer on mine.,他问题提得直率，,?,因此我也回答得坦诚。,以及同事们表示感谢。,?,He expressed appreciation,on the part,of himself and his colleagues,.,他代表自己,Paragraph 2,fall through:,fail to be successfully,completed; come to nothing,失败，成为泡,影；不能践约，失约,?,E.g.:,To his disappointment, his plan to,do further studies in the university,fell,through,.,?,Paragraph 2,?,I have made an appointment with him,but Im afraid hell,fall through,.,我已和他,约好会面，可是我怕他会失约。,hindsight:,wisdom about an event after it,has occurred,事后的觉悟；事后的聪明,?,E.g.:,By,hindsight,I should have gone,there earlier.,事后想来，我应早些去那里。,?,Paragraph 2,?,Hindsight,is always clearer than ones,view at the time.,事后看问题总要比当时看,得清楚。,?,c.f.: foresight:,the ability to imagine what,will probably happen, allowing one to act,to help or prevent developments; care or,wise planning for the future,预见；先见之,明,Paragraph 2,chew the cud:,think deeply before,making a decision; think reflectively,深思，,反复思考,?,E.g.:,He didnt reply immediately, but,seemed rather to be,chew,ing,his cud,.,他,?,没有立即回答，不过看上去在反复思考。,Paragraph 2,How were the author and the old man,related?,?,The old man was an eminent psychiatrist,and the author was a client of his.,?,Paragraph 3,?,He came across the street, finally,muffled in his ancient overcoat,shapeless felt hat pulled down over,his bald head, looking more like an,energetic gnome than an eminent,psychiatrist.,Paragraph 3,?,At last he walked over from the other,side of the street, wrapped in his old-,fashioned overcoat, his bald head,covered by a shapeless felt hat. He,looked like a dwarfish old man full of,energy rather than a well-known,psychiatrist.,Paragraph 3,?,gnome:,(in legends) a little old man who,lives underground and guards the earths,treasures; a small ugly person,守护神；土,地神,;,侏儒,Paragraph 5,perceptiveness:,unusual ability to notice,and understand; awareness and,understanding,观察敏锐；善于理解,?,E.g.:,We all admired his,perceptiveness,;,he was always so quick to respond to a,new situation.,?,proceed:,begin a course of action,?,Paragraph 5,?,E.g.:,After the preparations had been,made, we,proceed,ed to draft the plan.,Paragraph 10,?,flat:,with a broad level surface and,little depth,浅的,Paragraph 11,berate:,(formal),scold or criticize angrily,because of a fault,?,E.g.:,Dont,berate,anyone just because,he has made a mistake. Dont we all,make mistakes from time to time?,?,go by:,pass; elapse,?,Paragraph 11,?,The woman who spoke next had never,married because of a sense of obligation,to her widowed mother; she recalled,bitterly all the marital chances she had,let go by.,Paragraph 11,?,The next speaker on the tape was a,woman who had remained single,because she thought she was obliged to,take care of her mother who was a widow.,She still remembered and told others,miserably about all the chances of,marriage she had missed.,Paragraph 14,woeful:,regretful; full of woe, sad,?,E.g.:,a,woeful,countenance (song),悲伤的,面容,(,歌曲,),?,a,woeful,spectacle,悲惨的景象,?,woeful,shortage of commodities,商品的,?,可悲的匮乏,?,woeful,ignorance,可悲的无知,Paragraph 14,?,It was,woeful,to see him spoiling the,painting.,眼见他毁坏那幅油画真叫人惋惜。,Paragraph 15,?,Why did the old man let the author,listen to the three speakers on the,tape?,?,The three speakers on the tape were all,unhappy, and the two words they all,used frequently in what they said were “if,only.” What the old man wanted to point,Paragraph 15,?,out to the author was that to keep saying,“if only” would not change anything; on,the contrary, it only kept the person,facing the wrong way -,backward,instead of forward. Thus it did more harm,than good to the person who kept saying,them.,Paragraph 15,In the end, if you let it become a habit, it,can become a real roadblock, an excuse,for not trying any more.,?,Eventually, if you form a habit of saying,“if only”, the phrase can really turn to an,obstruction, providing you with an,excuse for giving up trying anything at,all.,?,Paragraph 16,lament:,feel or express great sorrow (for,or because of something); complain,about,痛惜；抱怨,?,E.g.:,One should not,lament,the past,mistakes, but should try to do better later.,?,lament,this great loss,痛惜这巨大的损失,?,Paragraph 16,?,lament,ones folly (carelessness),悔恨,自己的愚蠢（粗心）,Paragraph 18, you never got out of the past tense.,Not once did you mention the future.,?, you are always thinking of the past,regretting and lamenting. You did not,look forward to what you can do in the,future at all.,?,Paragraph 18,?,?,?,a perverse streak:,an obstinate quality,perverse:,stubbornly unreasonable,任性的，蛮,不讲理的,streak:,long thin mark, line or band of a,different substance or color from its,surroundings; element or trace (in a persons,character) (,与整体不同物质或颜色的,),条纹，线条，,斑纹,; (,个性中的,),些微特点或特征,Paragraph 18,?,E.g.:,black with red,streak,s,带红条纹的黑,色,?,There were tear,streak,s down her face.,她脸上有一条条泪痕。,?,He has a stubborn,streak,.,他生性有点儿,固执。,Paragraph 18,?,He had a petty bourgeois,streak,in him.,他有点小资产阶级味道。,?,a,streak,of jealousy (vanity, cruelty),几,分妒忌（虚荣，残忍）,?,have a jealous,streak,有点儿妒忌,Paragraph 18,hash over:,(AmE informal) talk about,something such as a difficulty in detail,and at length,充分讨论；回顾,?,E.g.:,Hasnt the committee finished,hash,ing,over,the question yet?,?,I have something I want to,hash over,with you.,我有事要跟你好好谈谈。,?,Paragraph 18,hash over,the old days,追忆旧日,?,hash:,chop (meat) into small pieces,把,(,肉,),切成小块,;,把,(,肉,),剁碎,?,Paragraph 19,ruefully:,regretfully; showing or feeling,good-humored regret,表示或感到后悔的,(,但很看得开,),?,E.g.:,He faced his recent failure,ruefully,.,?,a,rueful,smile,抱憾的微笑,?,Paragraph 20,?,?,lift:,a feeling of elation,鼓舞，振奋,E.g.:,Winning the scholarship gave her a,tremendous,lift,.,她获得奖学金后受到了极大的鼓,舞。,?,?,drag:,(slang) a boring thing; nuisance,累赘的或,使人生厌的人或事物,E.g.:,Walking is,drag,-,lets take the car.,走路,太费事,-,我们坐车吧。,Paragraph 22,?,strike out (,also,strike through):,remove,by drawing a line through; cross out,Paragraph 24,grim:,harsh, unpleasant, dreadful,?,E.g.:,He was depressed when he heard,the,grim,news that two-thirds of the,workforce might be discharged.,?,Paragraph 25,fanciful:,using the imagination rather,than reason; imagined rather than based,on facts,空想的，想象的,?,E.g.:,a,fanciful,tale,想象出来的故事,?,a,fanciful,notion,毫无根据的想法,?,a,fanciful,girl,爱空想的女孩,?,Paragraphs 28 -,29,“My, my,” said the Old Man slyly. “If only,we had come down ten seconds sooner,wed have caught that cab, wouldnt we?”,?,I laughed and picked up the cue. “Next,time Ill run faster.”,?,Paragraphs 28 -,29,The Old Man said to me trickily, using the,phrase “if only” on purpose, “If only wed,got here ten seconds earlier, wed have,caught the cab.”,?,I laughed and understood what he meant.,So I followed his advice and said, “Next,time Ill run faster.”,?,Paragraphs 28 -,29,Why did the Old Man say,slyly,? Find out,the reason in the context.,?,What was the,cue,the author picked up?,How did the author,pick up the cue,?,?,Paragraphs 31,take in ones stride:,deal with (a situation,problem, etc.) calmly and without,needing to make a special effort,一跨而过；,轻易地解决,(,困难,),，毫不费力地做；从容处,理,?,E.g.:,They,took,the emergency,in their,stride,.,他们泰然地处理了紧急情况。,?,Paragraphs 31,?,Some people find retiring difficult, but,he has,take,n it all,in his stride,.,有人觉得,很难适应退休后的生活，但他却能安之若素。,so to speak (say):,one could say; as it,were,可以说，可谓；恕我直言,?,E.g.:,You are,so to speak, a fish out of,water.,你可以说是像离了水的鱼儿。,?,Paragraphs 31,?,Therefore I think we must,so to say,resort to more extreme measures.,因此，,恕我直言，我认为我们必须采取更为激烈的,措施。,Paragraphs 32,?,to this day:,even now,Paragraphs 33,to be sure:,I can not deny that;,admittedly,无可否认；诚然；固然；必须承,认,?,E.g.:,He is clever,to be sure, but not very,hard-working.,他聪明是聪明，但不怎么勤,?,奋。,?,He is young,to be sure, but,experienced.,他固然还年轻，但很有经验。,IV. Exercise IV, Workbook 6,scold, reprimand, rebuke, reproach,blame,?,scold:,can often suggest an instance of,reproof (,责备,) for misbehavior that is,meted out by a superior, such as a,parent or teacher,责骂；斥责,:,?,She,scold,ed the child for being late for,school.,?,IV. Exercise IV, Workbook 6,?,In this situation, the word may,specifically imply a distinction between a,verbal reproach and reprimands that,actually involve some form of,punishment. Because of this, the word,can sometimes suggest ineffectual,attempts at discipline:,IV. Exercise IV, Workbook 6,She,scold,ed her children frequently,but made no attempt to correct their,unruly (,不驯服的,) behavior.,?,Scold,can even suggest continual,nagging (,唠叨不休,) to no purpose,whether about serious faults or about,trivialities; here, the relationship need,not be between superior and inferior:,?,IV. Exercise IV, Workbook 6,a woman who constantly,scold,ed her,husband about the low pay he earned.,?,reprimand:,indicates a formal and,usually, public or official disapproval. It,suggests a direct confrontation between,the offender and his critic (,正式而严厉地,),申斥，训诫,:,?,IV. Exercise IV, Workbook 6,the judge who sharply,reprimand,ed a,witness for being evasive and,uncooperative.,?,The military court ordered him to be,reprimand,ed for failing to do his duty.,军,?,事法庭下达裁决令：他工作失职，应受训斥。,IV. Exercise IV, Workbook 6,rebuke:,is to criticize or call down (,责骂,),with sharpness, and often with,abruptness, usually in the midst of some,action or course of action,指责，非难,:,?,to,rebuke,a worker whose clumsiness,was responsible for the complete,breakdown of operations in his,department.,?,IV. Exercise IV, Workbook 6,?,The judge,rebuke,d the police for their,treatment of the prisoner.,法官指责警察不,该那样对待犯人。,IV. Exercise IV, Workbook 6,reproach:,is to express the kind of,disapproval that arises from a personal,hurt, anger or grief at someones,thoughtlessness or selfishness (,难过和失,望地,),责备，指责,:,?,reproach,ing her husband for having,forgotten their wedding anniversary,.,?,IV. Exercise IV, Workbook 6,blame:,consider (someone or,something) responsible for (something,bad),责怪，怪罪，把,归咎于,:,?,They,blame,d the failure of the talks on,the Russians.,他们把会谈的失败归咎于俄,?,国人。,?,find fault with,找,的差错；责备；责难：,IV. Exercise IV, Workbook 6,?,Critics,blame,the documentary for its,one-sided presentation of the situation.,评论家指责那部纪录片片面地反映了当时的,事态。,Text II The Romance of Words,?,I. Organization of the Text,?,1. Authors appeal to be conscious,about the living words (Paragraphs,1-,3),?,2. Analogies of the living words,(Paragraphs 4 -,18),I. Organization of the Text,A. The roots of words -,the origin of,words (6 -,11),?,B. The branches of words -,word,families (12 -,15),?,C. The leaves of words -,words and,their meanings (16 -,18),?,3. Summary (Paragraphs 19 -,21),?,II. Key Points of the Text,?,Paragraph 1,?,inordinate:,excessive; extreme;,beyond reasonable limits,?,E.g.:,an,inordinate,cigarette-smoker,吸烟无度的人,口渴。,?,He has an,inordinate,thirst.,他极感,Paragraph 1,?,She always spent an,inordinate,length,of time in the bathroom.,她总是要在浴室里,呆上好久。,in / into condition:,fit; healthy,?,c.f.: out of condition:,not fit; unhealthy,?,Paragraph 1,E.g.:,He knew that he was,out of,condition,from sitting for so long in the,office without exercise.,?,in mint condition:,(informal, referring to,coins that have just been made at a mint,a government factory that makes money),in perfect condition; as if new,?,E.g.:,The car was,in mint condition,.,?,Paragraph 1,fastidious:,selecting carefully; choosing,only what is good,爱挑剔的；过分讲究的；,要求极高的,?,E.g.:,a,fastidious,reader,爱挑剔的读者,?,a,fastidious,user of English,使用英语极,?,严谨的人,Paragraph 1,fussy:,(derogatory) too much concerned,about details,过分注重细节的；需要特别谨,慎的；爱挑剔的,?,E.g.:,fussy,bookkeeping procedures,烦琐,?,的簿记程序,?,?,a,fussy,matter,需要谨慎处理的事情,be not,fussy,about food,不挑食,Paragraph 2,superscription:,the writing or printing at,the top of or on the outside of (a,document, etc.),题字，题词；铭文；,(,信件、,包裹上的,),姓名地址；处方标记,(,处方上的符,号,R),?,E.g.:,the,superscription,on coins,硬币上,?,的铸文,Paragraph 3,wriggle:,make quick, short, twisting and,turning movements,蠕动,?,E.g.:,A snake,wriggle,d across the road.,?,一条蛇蜿蜒游过公路。,?,He,wriggle,d into his sleeping bag.,他扭,动身体钻进睡袋。,Paragraph 3,?,?,着裂缝扭动着向上爬。,He,wriggle,d his way up the crack.,他沿,token:,an outward sign; something that,represents some fact, event, feeling, etc.;,small part representing something,greater,标志，象征；表示,?,E.g.:,All the family wore,black,as a token,of their grief.,全家都穿黑衣致哀。,Paragraph 3,?,He did that as a,token,of good faith.,他,那样做是为了表示诚意。,?,tokenism:,(AmE),装点门面,(,主义,),，表面文,章,Paragraph 3,?,E.g.:,Despite pronouncements about,being committed to ending apartheid,many U.S. companies engage merely in,tokenism,.,许多美国公司尽管公开表示愿意,终止种族隔离政策，但只是装点门面而已。,Paragraph 8,contrive:,cleverly invented or designed,?,receptacle:,container for placing or,storing,容器，贮藏所；贮藏器,?,E.g.:,A dustbin is a,receptacle,for,rubbish.,垃圾箱时盛垃圾的容器。,?,Paragraph 8,?,He is the,receptacle,of too many,contradictory hopes.,他是个心怀太多矛盾,想望的人。,Paragraph 10,snooty:,proudly rude; supercilious,目中,无人的,高傲自大的,?,snoot:,(slang, especially AmE) the nose,动物的口鼻部,鼻子,?,for the nonce:,(informal),for the present,time; for the time being,暂且,;,目前,?,Paragraph 10,haughty:,(formal, derogatory) (of people,or their acts) appearing proud; arrogant,while despising others,倨傲不逊的，傲慢,的，神气活现的,?,E.g.:,a,haughty,person (smile),自负的人,?,（微笑）,?,a,haughty,gait,（若无旁人的）高视阔步,Paragraph 10,treat somebody with,haughty,contempt,以不屑一顾的傲慢态度对待某人,?,a,haughty,restaurant,气派不凡的大饭店,?,supercilious:,scornful; haughty,高傲的，,傲慢的，目空一切的,(supercilium:,眉,superciliary:,眉毛的,),?,Paragraph 10,?,in lieu of:,in place of; instead of (,以,),替代,Paragraph 11,by any chance:,perhaps, possibly,万一；,也许,?,E.g.:,Do you,by any chance,have a pen,with you?,你身边也许带着支钢笔吧？,?,If,by any chance,somebody comes to,see me, ask him to leave a message.,万一,?,有人找我，就请他留个信。,Paragraph 11,broach:,make a hole in a barrel to draw,off the liquid inside; open to use the,contents; begin a discussion of,钻孔,打,孔；开始商讨（一议题）,?,cask:,barrel, especially for alcoholic,drinks (,尤指盛酒精饮料的,),桶,?,Paragraph 13,?,introspect:,examine or be concerned,with ones own thoughts, feelings and,motives,内省，反省,Paragraph 15,a host of:,a large number of,?,liable:,responsible by law,负法律责任的,?,ligament:,tough flexible tissue,韧带,?,Paragraph 18,the run in your stocking:,长筒袜上的脱针,?,the run on the bank:,挤兑银行存款,?,a run in the baseball:,棒球的得分,?,have the run of the mill:,have the,freedom to use or visit the mill,可以自由,使用或察看磨坊,?,Paragraph 18,?,E.g.:,I was given,the run of,their books,(house).,他们允许我随便翻阅他们的书（进,出他们的住宅）。,Paragraph 19,luxuriant:,growing well, especially in,health and number,茂盛的；郁郁葱葱的；,(,须发等,),浓密的,?,E.g.:,luxuriant,vegetation,茂盛的草木,?,a,luxuriant,forest,茂密的森林,?,She had,luxuriant,golden hair.,她长着密,?,密的金发。,Paragraph 19,luxuriate v.,?,luxuriance n.,?,Paragraph 20,discordant:,in a state of discord (,声音,),不,和谐的；刺耳的,?,E.g.:,the,discordant,noises of the train,station,火车站嘈杂的噪音,?,acrid:,(of taste or smell) bitter; causing a,stinging sensation; bitter in manner; bad-,tempered,辛辣的，苦的；刺激的；刻薄的；,讥讽的,?,Paragraph 20,?,E.g.:,the,acrid,smell of gunpowder,火药的,刺鼻气味,
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