高中英语语法精讲之宾语从句2

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The Object clause,宾语从句,了解宾语从句,简单的说,一个句子的宾语部分是一个句子,那么这个句子就叫做宾语从句。,Make out the object clause :,1.We wont go out,if it rains.,2.When she was eight,she,began to study English.,3.We,know,he is a good boy.,.,S,V,O,(,宾语由完整的句子充当,),1,.,定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。,2.,构成：关联词,+,简单句,3.,引导宾语从句的关联词有：,从属连词 ：,that,从属连词：,if / whether,连接代词,:,who ,whom ,whose ,what ,which,连接副词：,why, when, where, how,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,由,从属连词,that,引导的宾语从句,由,连接代词,Who,whom,whose,which,，,what,和,连接副词,where,how,why,when,引导的宾语从句,由,从属连词,whether, if,引导的宾语从句,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,注：,that,在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当,成分，在口语和非正式文体当中往往省略。,用来陈述事实，从句本身是陈述句。,e.g.,I hear (that) _.,（,一小时后他会回来）,He said (that) _.,（,他非常想念我们）,The teacher told us (that) _.,（,地球围着太阳转）,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves around the,sun,由连接代词,what, whom, whose, which, what,及连接,副词,when, where, how, why,引导的宾语从句,1. He asked _.,(,谁能回答这个问题）,2. Tony wondered_.,（他们在等谁）,3. He asked _.,（谁的书法是班上最好的）,4. Please tell me _.,（我们什么时候开会）,5. Can you tell me _.,（他在哪儿）,6. Could you tell me _.,（我该怎么去车站）,7. Would you tell me _,（为什么火车迟到了）,who could answer this question ?,whom they were waiting for ?,whose handwriting was the best in his class ?,when we will have a meeting ?,where he is?,how I can get to the station ?,why the train is late?,由从属连词,whether, if,引导的宾语从句,e.g.,1. I wanted to know _.,（,他是否跟我们一起去公园）,2. Ask him _.,（,他是否能来）,3. I dont know _.,（,是否要下雨）,if (whether) he would go to the park with us,whether (if) he can come,whether it is going to rain or not,当句末为,or not,时，引导词只能用,whether,而不能用,if.,(wondered),(Im not sure),连词,if , whether,，,它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用,if,。,eg,. Tom doesnt know,if / whether,his grandpa liked the present.,He asked me,whether or not,I was coming.,一般情况下，,if,和,whether,可以互换,以下,3,种情况只能用,whether,：,在不定式前：,Whether to go,there,or,not,hasnt been decided.,在介词前,：,It,depends on,(,依靠,),whether,it is going to rain.,与,or not,连用：,They are talking about,whether,they will go there,or not,.,宾语从句的语序,宾语从句的语序是,陈述语序,，即,“连接词,+,主语,+,谓语,+,其它成分”,。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。,Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(,),Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?(,),特殊例子,What is the matter / the trouble with you?,What is wrong?,在宾语从句中,语序不变,。,e.g. I wonder,what is the matter,with him.,如果引导宾语从句的疑问词在从句中充当主语或主语的定语，从句的其余部分仍然保持主谓结构。,The teacher asked,who,could answer,the questions.,主,谓,区别于,:,We dont know whom Tom was taught English.,Do you know,whose English,is,the best in the class?,主,谓,I dont know,which student,sings,better.,主,谓,True or false:,1) His brother asks when,he will go to,the library .( ),His brother asks when,will he go to,the library . ( ),2) I dont know what,he wants to,buy . ( ),I dont know what,does he want to,buy . ( ),3) Can you tell me who,we are going to,meet ? ( ),Can you tell me who,are we going to,meet ? ( ),4) We want to know if/whether,he knows,French .( ),We want to know if/whether,does he know,French. ( ),5)They re not sure if /whether,they will go to,Canada in summer .( ),They re not sure if /whether,will they go to,Canada in summer .( ),T,F,T,F,T,F,T,F,T,F,宾语从句的陈述句语序,1.,如果,主句是现在的时态,（包括一般现在时 ，,现在进行时，现在完成时），,从句的时态可根,据实际情况而定,，（包括一般现在时，一般过,去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等,),但一般不用过去完成时与过去将来时。,I know he,lives,here .,I know he,lived,here ten years ago .,I have heard that he,will come,tomorrow .,宾语从句的时态,2.,如果,主句是过去的时态,（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么,从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态,（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who,lived,here.,I saw she,was talking,with her mother.,He asked whether his father,would come back,tomorrow.,He said that he,had seen,it .,两个动作没有先后，过去时不变为过去完成时。,3.,当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理,时用,一般现在时,。,The teacher,said,that the earth,travels,around the sun.,The,teacher,told,the students that,water,freezes,when the temperature,falls,below 0,.,4.,Could / Would,是委婉形式,，并不是表示过去，因此宾语从句不必一定要用过去时，可以根据需要用任何时态（,过去完成时与过去将来时除外,）。,Could,you tell me which,is,the right way to,get there?,Would,you tell me when he,arrived,yesterday?,Could you tell me who,had won,the race?,（错误）,5.,从句中有具体的过去时间状语，一般不用过去完成时，而是用,一般过去时,。,He,said,(that) he,bought,the house,in 1998.,6.,当,主句为现在完成时,，属于现在范畴，宾语从句不必呼应为过去。,He,has told,me he,will travel,to New York.,不必改为,would travel,确定从句的时态,(,根据主句时态,),一般现在时,主句时态,从 句 时 态,连 接 前,连 接 后,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,一般过去时,过去完成时,一般过去时,过去完成时,过去完成时,直接引语变间接引语,(,宾语从句,),的要点,陈述句变为,that,引导的宾语从句,e.g.,1. He said, “You are younger than I ”.,2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”.,He said,that,I,was,younger than him.,He says,that,Tom is a good student.,直接引语变间接引语,(,宾语从句,),的要点,一般疑问句变为,if (whether),引导的宾语从句,e.g.,She asked, “ Do you often,go to the library,to,read,newspapers? ”,“Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he,asked,.,She asked,if (whether),I,often,went,to the library to,read newspapers.,He,asked,if (whether),they,would go,to visit the Great Wall.,直接引语变间接引语,(,宾语从句,),的要点,特殊疑问句变为,who, what, when,等引导的宾语从句,e.g.,1. He asked, “Where do you live?”,2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked.,He asked,where,I,lived,.,He asked,how,they,could get to,the post office.,e.g.,She said to me, “Open the door, please.”,“Dont open the door, please.” I said to him.,宾语从句改写中的特殊情形 ：,I asked him not to open the door .,She told me to open the door.,在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用,“,ask/tell sb. (not) to do,sth,.,”,的句式。,主句谓语动词为,command, insist, request, suggest,等，从句中动词保持原形不便，如果是,be,动词，保持,be,型虚拟形式或,should+,动词原形,He,suggested,that I,(should) go,to bed early.,【,注意,】,由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“,疑问词,+,不定式,”结构转化。,eg,. I dont know what I should do with the presents.,I dont know,what to do with,the presents.,宾语从句与简单句的转换,：,I dont know how I can answer the question.,2. He hoped to be a,basketballer,.,I dont know how to answer the question.,He hoped (that) he could be a,basketballer,.,I don,t know what to do.,I don,t know how to do,it,.,宾语从句和状语从句的区分：,1) I will go out tomorrow,if it is fine.,2) I dont know,if the train has arrived.,句,1,中,if,引导的是,状语从句,。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是,如果,明天天气好，我就出去。句,2,中,if,引导的是,宾语从句,，充当谓语动词,dont know,的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车,是否,到达。,I dont know,if,she will come tomorrow.,Please let me know,if,she comes tomorrow.,是否,引导宾语从句,如果,引导条件状语从句,I dont know,if,it,will be,fine tomorrow.,If,it,is,fine tomorrow , I,will wash,the clothes.,I dont know,when,she will come tomorrow.,Someone knocked at the door,when,I was making a phone call.,什么时候,引导宾语从句,当,的时候,引导时间状语从句,e.g.,It isnt going to rain. (I think),宾语从句的否定形式 ：,I,dont,think it is going to rain.,一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是,think,、,believe,、,guess,、,suppose,等表示“认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。,(He thinks),He,doesnt,think it is going to rain.,反意疑问句：,陈述部分是一个主从复合句，疑问部分主谓语应和主句的主谓语保持一致。,He never said,he would take you to the museum,did he,?,I told,them Xiao Wang would go to Beijing,didnt I?,但主句如果是,I dont think (believe),疑问部分的主谓语应和从句的主谓语保持一致，并要用肯定形式。,I dont think,he is,right,is he,?,宾语从句的反意疑问句 ：,wont,she,doesnt,he,is,it,do,they,Compare:,I,believe,she,will lend you the money,_?,He,believes she will lend you the money,_?,We,dont think,it,is going to rain,_?,They,dont think it is going to rain,_?,当主句的人称代词是第一人称“,I,或,we”,时,反意疑问句的人称代词跟从句。,