三大从句和非谓语动词学习

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,基本语法,三大基本从句（定语从句）,非谓语动词分句,-,ing/-ed,分词,倒装句,名词性从句,形容词性从句（定语从句）,状语从句,非谓语动词分句,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,通常由,that, who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever,等连接,主语从句,分句在句中做主语,What caused the fire is still a mystery.,2. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.,How the book will sell depends on its author.,Why he left abruptly is not known to any of us.,宾语从句,分句在句中做宾语,We never doubt,that he is honest,.,Can you tell me,who is responsible for the fire?,She suggested that he do it at once.,Nobody can tell when he will arrive.,表语从句,分句在句中做表语（主语补语），一般位于,be,（系）动词或具有系动词功能的词后面,具有系功能的词：,feel,，,look,，,sound,，,taste,，,smell,，,appear,，,seem,等,My opinion is that we should stick to our original plan.,The problem is not who will go but who will stay.,同位语从句,大多由从属连词,that,引导，常常跟在,fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief,等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同位关系。,We have to face the fact that the nearest filling station is 30 minutes away.,My original question, why he did it at all, has not been answered.,形容词性分句即关系分句,主要做名词修饰语，通常由关系代词,who,，,which,，,that,和关系副词,when,，,why,，,where,等引导。,The man who did the robbery has been caught.,His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.,Can you show me the house where Shakespeare once lived?,The reason (why) I was alone in the mountain is that I had a difficulty with my guide.,He is not the boy (that) I gave the ticket to.,He has change. He is not the man (that) he was.,which, as,在定语从句中,先行项都可是前面整个句子或一部分,逗号隔开,Which,引导的分句不倒装，,as,引导的分句需倒装,which,指代前面整个句子,He tried to stand on his hands for six minutes, which is rather a difficult thing to do.,指代前面部分句子,I have known Judy far more able than Lucy,but not half so popular, which is quite a different thing.,as,在定语从句中,可代指人和物，用倒装结构,用在,such,，,the same,，,as,，,so,后，可不用逗号隔开,He will repeat such points as are discussed in the book.,可指代前面整个句子，也可指前面句子部分内容,1.He travelled a great deal, as did most of his friend,(most of his friend travelled).,2.He is usually tall, as are his brother,(usually tall).,介词,+,关系代词引导的分句,关系代词多用,which,，也可用,whose,，,whom,等。,根据语法和意义选择介词,1.The material of which the machine is made is a good nonconductor of heat (is made of).,2.They tried to think of the plan by which the could fulfill their task ahead of time (fulfill their task by the plan).,3. He is telling a story of Lei,Feng, of whom all of us is proud (all of us is proud of,sb,).,状语从句,按语义可分为时间、地点、原因、方式、结果、目的、条件和让步状语从句。,1.Where there is a will, there is a way.,2.Until we know the fact, we cant do anything about it.,3.You must do the exercise as I show you.,4.In case it rains, we wont be able to go there on foot.,非谓语动词分句,不定式分句,-,ing,分词分句,-,ed,分词分句,不定式分句,可在句中做主语和主补，宾语和宾补，状语，修饰语等。,主语：,To accept the job,would mean moving to Florida.,主补,: His intention was,to win the game,.,宾语,: He promised,to stop taking drugs.,宾补,: His great wish is to see his team,win the World Cup.,表目的,She stood up,to be seen,better.,表原因,I am glade,to know,you have a good job.,表结果,He got to the station only,to find,that his father was dead.,-,ing,分句,(,一）带从属连词：其主语,=,主句的主语，主动关系,1,When sleeping, I never hear a thing.,2,Though understanding no Chinese, he was able to communicate with them.,（二）带主语：其主语主句主语，也就是通常所说的“独立主格”结构。独立主格中,having been, being,的可省略。,1.The question (having been) settled, the meeting adjourned.,2.The children were watching the acrobatic show, their eyes (being) wide open.,-,ing,独立主格也可由,with,引出：,With the tree growing tall, we get more shade.,（三）不带从属连词也不带主语,依据上下文或情景判定,1.I have a friend living in London.,2. Beating a child will do more harm than good.,-,ed,分句,（一）带从属连词：其主语,=,主句的主语，被动关系,Once published, the book caused a remarkable stir.,Even if invited, I wont go.,（二）带主语：其主语主句主语，也就是通常所说的“独立主格”结构。独立主格中,having been, being,的可省略。,My work (being) done, I went to bed.,The purse not yet (having been) found, we went to the police.,-,ed,独立主格也可由,with,引出：,They sat in the room with his curtains drawn.,（三）不带从属连词也不带主语，依据上下文或情景判定,1.The castle, burnt down in 1485, was never rebuilt .,2. Covered with confusion, she hurriedly left the room.,-,ed,分词,-,ing,分词,一般来说，,-,ed,分词做前置修饰语,有被动和完成的,意义。,-,ing,分词前置,有主动和未完成的,意义。,A uninvited guest badly-built house,Boiled water boiling water,an excited audience exciting news,-,ed,分词做补语,主补：,The door remains locked.,宾补：,I found the door locked.,主补,: The man looked disappointed.,宾补：,I found him disappointed.,可以带,-,ed,分词做补语的动词：,1,，感官词,see, hear, feel, taste,，,find,等,2,，使役词,make, get, have, keep,等,（,1,）,He was trying to make himself understood.,（,2,）,I have my hair cut every three months.,倒装句,全部倒装,部分倒装,全部倒装,整个谓语置于主语之前,当句首是方位词，谓语是,come,，,go,等表位置移动的词时,There,was,a sudden gust of wind .,In the chapter,will be found,a partial answer.,部分倒装,仅是操作词置于主语前,操作词：,do/did/does, will/can/would/could, have/has/had, is/was/are/were,当句首是否定词或否定意义的词,1.Never have I found,(I have found),him in such a good mood.,2.Hardly had he finished,(he had finished),his work when the telephone rang.,3.Rarely do I get,(I get),invited into his office alone.,当句首由“,only+,副词,/,介词词组,/,状语分句”构成,1.Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.,2.Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get,(he got),a ticket in the end.,3.Only through sheer luck did he manage to get a ticket.,当句首是方式状语、频率状语,Many a time has Mike given me good advice.,句首结构是,sothat, “,so+adj,”,引起全部倒装，“,so+adv,”,引起局部倒装,1.So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.,2.So much does he worry about his financial position that he cant sleep at night.,That,