OTN原理及关键技术

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Principle and Key Technologies of OTN,Page,2,Chapter 1 Background and Concept of OTN,Contents,Chapter 2,Hierarchy,of OTN,Chapter 3 G.709 Introduction,Chapter 4,OTN key Technologies,Chapter 5 Review and Outlook,Page,3,Chapter 1 Background & Concept of OTN,Section 1: Background of OTN,Contents,In the next 3 to 5 years, new business development will drive rapid growth in business volume.,Rapid growth of new business based broadband services of large particles.,A large number broadband services of large particles require effective,scheduling and management, improving the QoS, to meet the needs of network operators.,Internet Access residential,31%,BB Acc,Internet 11%,Private lines 25%,Video Distribution,27%,Voice,(Fixed +Mobile)4%,6X,2005,2010,Network Development under IP-driven trend,Broadband business is booming which proposed new requirements on the transmission network !,Data Services,(ATM/FR, VPN)2%,Page,4,PDH,SDH,?,The Road of Transport Network Technology Evolution,Page,5,Analysis of t,he different Transmission Technology,PDH,SDH,WDM,PDH:,Quasi-synchronous digital hierarchy,，,it,have better adaptability for point to point,communication.,However, PDH network lack of management capacity.,SDH,：,synchronous digital hierarchy,.,It has many advantages, such as standard optical interface, a powerful network management capabilities.However,it can not provide us large-capacity and high-speed.,WDM,：,Large b,andwidth, low transmission costs, adapting to high-speed large-capacity transmission.,But the network is not flexible and,can not achieve effective management.,WDM,SDH/ASON,Our Current Requirements,Large bandwidth and large particles,High network survivability and reliability,High n,etwork efficiency,，,provide business quickly,Low-cost,network must easy to expand,Easy for Equipment manufacturers to connect,Page,7,Demand drives technology development,So how can we have the advantages of SDH and WDM,in the same time,?,Then,OTN came into being,Page,8,Chapter 1 Background & Concept of OTN,Section 2: Concept of OTN,Page,9,Contents,Concept of OTN,OTN concept proposed,：,In 1998,ITU-T formally proposed the concept, and took it as an ideal basis for future network evolution.,OTN,：,Optical Transport Network,Optical Transport Network (OTN) is composed of a set of Optical Network Elements connected by optical fiber links, able to provide functionality of transport, multiplexing, routing, management, supervision and survivability of client signals, according to the requirements given in Rec. G.872.,An Optical Transport Network is an transport network based on WDM technology .,It is the next-generation backbone network.,Page,10,Framework of OTN,In February 1999,G.872,the,first,proposal,of OTN,was approved.,Nowadays,OTN standard system has been improved,.,Management information model G.874.1/875,Architecture aspects,G.872,Physical layer characteristics,G.959.1/692/693,Equipment management,Aspects G.874/7710,Jitter / drift performance G.8251,Optical safety regulations,G.664,BER,G.8201,Equipment function,G.806/G.798,Structure/Mapping/,Overhead G.709,APS,G.873.1/808.1,Page,11,OTN Characteristic,OTN Hierarchy defined in G.872,Complex framing defined in G.709,Interface defined in G.709,，,Including wavelength division side and client side (typically used for interconnection),Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer,ODUk cross,（,OTH),Load control plane,Page,12,OTN characteristic,Network Hierarchy of OTN,OPUODUOTUElectrical layer,OChOMSOTSOptical layer,ROADM,OTN,Optical layer and electrical layer performance monitoring,Optical layer performance monitoring,OTU,（,OTN frame structure,）,OTN includes electrical-layer network and optical-layer network,Page,13,OTN Technical Superiority,1.Full-service access and,large capacity transmission,2.,Maintenance & Management,3.,Networking and Protection,4.,Flexible grooming,SDH,、,Ethernet,、,IP,、,ATM,、,GFP transparent transmission,Tbits level transport capability,Wealth of overhead bytes,Six levels of independent T,andem,C,onnection,M,onitoring,(TCM),Supporting traditional WDM optical layer protection,Intelligent protection and restoration with Mesh networks,Optical layer cross-connect,Multiplexer and grooming sub-wavelength services (ODUk / GE),ODUk cascade and virtual cascade,Page,14,OTN,Superiority,Chapter 2 Hierarchy of OTN,Page,15,Contents,OTN,Hierarchical Structure,The optical layer can be divided into,：,Optical Channel (OCh),、,Optical Multiplex Section,、,Optical Transmission Section (OMS),OCh can be divided into three sub-layer electronic field,：,Optical Payload Unit,（,OPU,）,、,Optical Data Unit,（,ODU,）,、,Optical Transport Unit,（,OTU,）,Optical layer,Optical Channel layer network,（,OCh,）,Optical Multiplex Section,layer network,（,OMS,）,Optical Transmission Section,layer network,（,OTS,）,Client layer,OCh Payload Unit,（,OPU,）,OCh Data Unit,（,ODU,）,OCh transport Unit,（,OTU,）,OCh,Optical layer,Three electronic field layers,IP,、,ETHERNET,、,ATM,、,SDH/SONET,Page,16,OTN,Hierarchical Structure,Essentially,，,OTN consists of following parts,：,Optical Transmission Section (OTS) Optical Channel (OCh) Optical Multiplex Section (OMS) Optical Data Unit (ODU) Optical Transport Unit (OTU) Optical Payload Unit (OPU),Page,17,Function of OTN each layer,OTN,OCh,OMS,OTS,Realize establishment, management and,maintenance for end-to-end optical path,Optical layer header processing,Optical channel monitoring,Adaption to electrical layer,、,multi-service,access,Realize the networking function of multi-,wavelength optical signals,Realize the processing of OMS header,The management and maintenance of OMS,Provide the function of optical signals,transport in different types of optical medium,The management and maintenance of OTS,Page,18,Client,Wrapper,ODU,k,FEC,OH,OPU,k,OH,Associated,overhead,Client,OH,Electrical layer,Client,ODU,k,FEC,OH,OPU,k,OH,Client,OH,O,Ch Payload,E/O,E/O,OPS0,OPSn,OMSn,OTSn,OTM-nr.m,OTM-0.m,OTM-n.m,Non-associated,overhead,OOS,OSC,OH,OH,OH,O,Ch Payload,OCC,OCC,OCC,Optical layer,Client signals,OTUk,OTN hierarchical structure and relationship among information flow,Page,19,Page,20,Chapter 3 G.709 Introduction,Section 1: Frame Structure & OPU Overhead,Contents,Page,21,G.709 introduction,Page,22,3825,4080,1,7,8,14,15,16,17,3824,1,2,3,4,OPU,k,Payload,OTU,k,FEC,OTU,k,OH,OTUk,Optical Channel Transport Unit-k,Alignm,Frame alignment,K: rate-level K,1 2.5G,2 10G,3 40G,Frame Structure,ODU,k,Optical Channel Data Unit-k,ODUk OH,OPUk,Optical Channel Payload Unit-k,OPU,k,OH,Client Signal,Client Signal,mapped in,OPU,k,Payload,Page,23,Compared with SDH,Structure,：,4,4080,，,invariable,Rate,：,Variable,20.420 kHz (48.971,s,) for OTU1,82.027 kHz (12.191,s,) for OTU2,329.489 kHz (3.035,s,) for OTU3,Contain,：,OPUk,、,ODUk,、,OTUk,、,FEC,G.709 Frame Structure,SDH Frame Structure,Structure,：,9,270n,，,Variable,Rate,：,8000F/s,，,in,variable,Contain,：,Section Overhead,、,pointer Channel Overhead,、,Payload,Page,24,PSI,Each OPUk overhead provides one,byte of PSI ;,One complete PSI information structure composed with 256 PSI in a complex frame;,PSI 0 is 1 byte of payload type,（,PT,）, PSI 1-PSI 255 are reserved,.,OPU,k,Overhead,(,k,=1,2,3),Page,25,OPU,k,Overhead,(,k,=1,2,3),MSB1,2,3,4,LSB5,6,7,8,Hex code(Note 1),Interpretation,0 0 0 0,0 0 0 1,01,Experimental mapping,0 0 0 0,0 0 1 0,02,Asynchronous CBR mapping,0 0 0 0,0 0 1 1,03,Bit synchronous CBR mapping,0 0 0 0,0 1 0 0,04,ATM mapping,0 0 0 0,0 1 0 1,05,GFP mapping,0 0 0 0,0 1 1 0,06,Virtual Concatenated signal,0 0 0 1,0 0 0 0,10,Bit stream with octet timing mapping,0 0 0 1,0 0 0 1,11,Bit stream without octet timing mapping,0 0 1 0,0 1 1 0,20,ODU multiplex structure,0 1 0 1,0 1 0 1,55,Not available,0 1 1 0,0 1 1 0,66,Not available,1 0 0 0,x x x x,80-8F,Reserved codes for proprietary use,1 1 1 1,1 1 0 1,FD,NULL test signal mapping,1 1 1 1,1 1 1 0,FE,PRBS test signal mapping,1 1 1 1,1 1 1 1,FF,Not available,PT,Overhead instructions,：,Page,26,JC,OPU,k,Overhead,(,k,=1,2,3),3 bytes,The first six bits of,Each byte are reserved;,The last two bits,indicate,Positive and negative adjustment,between,Client data and OPUk,.,Page,27,Contents,Chapter 3 G.709 Introduction,Section 2: OTUk & ODUk Overhead,OTU,k/ODUk,Overhead,Page,28,Page,29,OTUk/ODUk Overhead (k=1,2,3),EXP,TCM,ACT,TCM5,TCM4,TCM3,TCM2,TCM1,TCM6,GCC1,GCC2,FTFL,PM,RES,RES,APS/PCC,SM,RES,GCC0,FAS,MFAS,TCMi,STAT,TTI,BIP-8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,BEI/BIAE,BDI,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,8,14,7,1,2,3,4,TTI,BIP-8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,PM,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,BEI,BDI,STAT,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,MFAS: Multi-Frame Alignment Signal,PCC: Protection Communication Control channel,PM: Path Monitoring,PSI: Payload Structure Identifier,RES: Reserved for future international,standardisation,SM: Section Monitoring,TCM: Tandem Connection Monitoring,ACT: Activation/deactivation control channel,APS: Automatic Protection Switching,coordination channel,EXP: Experimental,FAS: Frame Alignment Signal,FTFL: Fault Type & Fault Location,reporting channel,GCC: General Communication Channel,6,Page,30,OTU,k/ODUk,Overhead (,k,=1,2,3),Multiframe Alignment Signal,MFAS,（,1 Byte,）, 256 frames comprised a multiframe (256Bytes),Frame Alignment Signal,FAS,（,6 Bytes),OA1,F6h,，,OA2,28h,indicate the beginning of a frame,Access Point Identifier,（,SAPI,，,DAPI,）,type code defined by Suggestion T.50,OTU,k/ODUk,Overhead (,k,=1,2,3),Page,32,OTU,k,Overhead (,k,=1,2,3),OTUk SM overhead BIP-8 byte (1 Byte),OTUk SM overhead,（,3 Bytes),Page,33,OTU,k,Overhead (,k,=1,2,3),OTUk SM overhead: Backward Error Indication and Backward Incoming Alignment Error,(BEI/BIAE),Used to return the number of Error and IAE received by OTUk, “1011” equals to BIAE,OTUk SM BEI/BIAE bits1234,BIAE,BIP violations,0000,false,0,0001,false,1,0010,false,2,0011,false,3,0100,false,4,0101,false,5,0110,false,6,0111,false,7,1000,false,8,1001,1010,false,0,1011,true,0,1100 to 1111,false,0,Page,34,OTU,k,Overhead (,k,=1,2,3),OTUk SM overhead : Backward Defect Indication,(B,DI,),Used to return signal defect status received by OTUk;,“,1”equals to Defect status,，,else“0”,OTUk SM overhead : Incoming Alignment Error,（,IAE,）,Used to indicate Alignment error status received by OTUk,；,“,1”equals to Alignment error,，,else“0”,GCC: General Communication Channel,Just like DC1DC12 in SDH, used to communicate between OTUk terminal.,Page,35,ODU,k,Overhead (,k,=1,2,3),ODUk PM,overhead,OTUk SM,overhead,Page,36,ODU,k,Overhead (,k,=1,2,3),ODUk PM Overhead : Path Status indication (STAT),Used to indicate Path status,PM byte 3,bits678,Status,000,Reserved for future international standardization,001,Normal path signal,010,Reserved for future international standardization,011,Reserved for future international standardization,100,Reserved for future international standardization,101,Maintenance signal: ODUk-LCK,110,Maintenance signal: ODUk-OCI,111,Maintenance signal: ODUk-AIS,Page,37,ODU,k,Overhead (,k,=1,2,3),ODUk Fault type and Fault location reporting channel,（,FTFL),0,127Byte,forward indication field,，,128,255Byte,backward indication field,Forward and Backward indication field include 3 sub-fields yet,Page,38,ODU,k,Overhead (,k,=1,2,3),Fault Indication Code,Forward/Backward operator identifier Field(9 bytes),Indicate Forward/Backward operator and Country code.,others used by operator separately, no,standardization.,Fault indication code,Definition,0000 0000,No Fault,0000 0001,Signal Fail,0000 0010,Signal Degrade,0000 0011,.,.,.,1111 1111,Reserved for future international Standardization,GCC1 GCC2: the function is same as GCC0,APS/PCC & EXP & TCM ACK, no standardization, reserved for future.,ODU,k,Overhead (,k,=1,2,3),OTN,Meaning,SDH,OTN,Meaning,SDH,FAS,Frame Alignment,A1/A2,FTFL,Fault type & Fault Location report,MFAS,Multiframe Alignment,H4,GCC12,General Communication Channel,D1D12,SM,Section Monitoring,APS/PCC,Automatic Protection Switch,K1/K2/K3,TTI,Trial Trace Identifier,J0,PSI,Payload Structure Identifier,BIP-8,BIP-8 Check bytes,B1/B2,PT,Payload Types,BEI,Backward Error Indication,REI,JC,Adjustment Control,C1/C2,BDI,Backward Defect Indication,RDI,NJO,Negative Adjustment,S1/S2,TCM16,Tandem Connection Monitoring,N1/N2,PJO,Positive Adjustment,S1/S2,STAT,PM,Path Monitoring,OTN Overhead compare with SDH,Page,40,Contents,Chapter 3 G.709 Introduction,Section 3: Mapping & Multiplexing,Mapping Client Signals,IP, ETHERNET,ATM,Multiplexing,Wavelength Division Multiplex (WDM),Time Division Multiplex (TDM),Page,41,Mapping IP and Ethernet,G.709 provides an encapsulation for packet based client signals,There is no need for SDH or 10G-Ethernet to encapsulate IP,A new protocol is being defined: Generic Framing Procedure,Bandwidth for GFP stream in,ODU1: 2 488 320 kbit/s,ODU2: 9 995 276 kbit/s,ODU3: 40 150 519 kbit/s,Page,42,Generic Framing Procedure G.7041,Page,43,Mapping ATM,G.709 provides a mapping for cell based client signals,Mapping ATM into ODUk is similar to mapping into SDH,Bandwidth for ATM stream in,ODU1: 2 488 320 kbit/s,ODU2: 9 995 276 kbit/s,ODU3: 40 150 519 kbit/s,Page,44,Time Division Multiplex - Structure,Page,45,Wavelength Division Multiplex - Structure,Page,46,Page,47,Contents,Chapter 4 OTN key Technologies,Section 1: OTH Introduction,OTH equipments: wavelength level traffic cross,complete,the wavelength cross and scheduling,.,Traffic particles,ODUk,（,k=1,2,3,）,Rate of traffic particles,ODU1,（,2.5Gb/s,）、,ODU2,（,10Gb/s,） 、,ODU3,（,40Gb/s,）,Key Technologies,-OTH,OTH:,Optical Transmission Hierarchy,Page,48,ODU1/ODU2/ODU3 cross,Strong support for OTN overhead,Flexible networking, Protection and Restoration,Support Intelligent control plane,Shortcomings,:,-,Small particle traffic,is not suitable for scheduling.,-,Technologies need further improvement, such as ring,protection technology, Protection and Restoration technology.,Page,49,Key Technologies,-OTH,Realization,：,OTU divided into the Client side and,Group of road side,Features,:,Large traffic particles,：,1-100Gb/s,Large cross particles,There is no uniform cross particles like VC4,Protection the Scheduling,Only need to change interface plate when traffic changes,Implementation of OTH Cross,Page,50,OTN,OTN,OTN,OTN,Cross matrix,Client,Client,Client,Client,OTH system:,SDH equipment removed,increasing the ODUk cross matrix;,ODUk cross matrix achieved by cross plate.,Equipment comparison:,OTH and SDH+WDM,Page,51,SDH+WDM system,OTH system,SDH+WDM system,OTH system,Optical layer,Optical layer,OTN-side adaptation,Client signal,Client signal,SDH Equipment,SDH signal adaptation,OTN-side adaptation,OTN-side adaptation,Client-side adaptation,ODUk E-Cross Matrix,Page,52,Contents,Chapter 4 OTN key Technologies,Section 2: ROADM Technology,Page,53,The Evolution of Optical Networks,WDM,Point to point transmission,Multi-point network,ROADM、WXC and ASON realize optical layer interconnection,Page,54,OTN optical layer network-ROADM,The main advantage,：,(1),achieve the,pure optical domain network,;,(2),without OEO conversion, reduce network costs,;,(3),for large particles,businesses, such as 10Gb / s, 40Gb / s,.,Shortcoming,：,(1),transmission distance limitation (CD, PMD, nonlinear,OSNR),;,(2),the higher initial investment,.,IP/MPLS/,S,DH,IP/MPLS/SDH,IP/MPLS/SDH,Wavelength cross-level, pure light processing,introduction of intelligent control plane,CD/PMD/nonlinear/OSNR？,Page,55,Optical layer scheduling,The distribution of Wavelength resources in WDM equipment,:,FOADM（Fixed Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer）,ROADM（Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer）,FOADM,:,re-adjust the distribution of wavelength resources is,diffitcult,.,ROADM,:,By blocking or cross-wavelength,Wavelength resources can be allocated flexibly, dynamically .,ROADM technology,remotly and dynamically adjust the state of wavelength，the number of wavelengths up to 40 waves.,Page,56,F,OADM,& ROADM,F,OADM,ROADM,1 n,1 4,OA,OA,1 n,OAD,OAD,58,1 n,1 n,OA,OA,1 n,ROADM,OA,1 n,f,ixed wavelength up/down, the initial planning,complex,upgrade difficulties.,Complex upgrade project, operation and,maintenance costs high;,Manual configuration, increase human error,possible.,multi-direction,Up/down wavelength flexibility,Reconfigured through a remote network,management system,Low operation and maintenance costs,Traffic for large particles,Page,57,FOADM,OMT,f,unctional unit,：,OTU,（LMS2E、OTU2S、OTU2E）,OMU/ODU,（OMU48-O、ODU48-O）,OBA/OLA/OPA,（OA、PA、RAU）,OSC/ADU,（OSCAD）,EMU,(EMU),Page,58,ROADM,O,ptical layer services automatic scheduling by 100GH,z,or 50GH,z,that can achieve optical cross;,T,raffic scheduling with electrical layer and protection,;,The cost of staion is high;,T,raffic for large particles,.,Page,59,With existing technology, ROADM can be easily achieved four light directions cross for each direction of 40 or 80 waves , cross capacity of 1.6T or 3.2T. It is expected to support 8 direction,s,quickly.,OSCAD,OSCAD,DCM,OSCAD,DCM,OSCAD,DCM,Local Add,Local Drop,West,East,South,North,ROADM,Page,60,Contents,Chapter 4 OTN key Technologies,Section 3: Realization of ROADM,Currently,there are three common techniques in ROADM subsystem,：,PLC,（,Planar Light,-,wave Circuits,）,WB,（,Wavelength Blocker,）,WSS,（,Wavelength Selective Switch,）,R,ealization of ROADM,Page,61,The working principle of WB,Wavelength on the road chosen will combine with the other optical signals of original transmition signals through a coupler to continue send signals down transmission combination.,Page,62,Technology of WB,2D device,Control the power of each wavelength,Blocking/by wavelength,Balanced Spectrum,;,LCD/MEMS wavelength blocker can support more channels of light, and smaller intervals,;,50G / 100GHz, 128/64 light channels,it can reduced to 25GHz interval,;,under 10G and 40G,）,;,Liquid crystal wavelength blockers,need additional A / D Module,;,Page,63,The,W,orking,P,rinciple of PLC-ROADM,The solutions based on ROADM of iPLC dont need WBs blocking.,After demultiplexing of WDM, it,uses the N-2 1 optical switch, so that the fuction on the way and multiplexing combined.,Page,64,Technology of PLC,It realizes the multiplexing and demultiplexing of the wavelengths by the integrated AWG;,optical switch realizes wavelengths direct joining and blocking ;,the VOA realizes optical power balance of per,-,channel.,Support 100GHz-40-Gbit / s; 10Gbps 16 nodes cascade goes through the validation, 40Gbps needs to test,low-cost solution,Page,65,Technology of WSS,The optical platform based on MEMS can,support 1 * 9 100GHz or 5 * 150GHz device.,MEMS devices have a wide frequency,low dispersion and simultaneously,support 10/40Gbit/s optical signal.,The wavelength definition based on port ( Colorless),It can support higher dimensions (up to Degree 8), but it needs more integrated components ,and controls complexly.,With the development of manufacturing processes,costs,of,WSS continue to decline,gradually becoming the mainstream technology ROADM devices,WSS,（,Wavelength Selective Switch,）,Page,66,The,W,orking,P,