开头行文结尾方法

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,正反观点题型作文DIY写作步骤,要求考生从正反两个方面来论证某一观点，对这类题型，通常分为四个步骤来写：,第一段、文章开头，简单一下事件第二段、阐述提纲中列举的第一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明：主题句理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3,1,正反观点题型作文写作步骤,第三段、阐述提纲中列举的第2种看法，给出理由或者举例说明：主题句理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3第四段、表明自己的观点结束全文,在结尾的时候，一定要表明自己的观点。,2,1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法, 适用于有争议性的主题.,1. When asked about., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that . But I think/view a bit differently.,在谈到.,广大/绝大多数人的认为.但我觉得/观点有点不同。,2. When it comes to . , some people believe that . Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the previous/latter ),当涉及到.有些人认为.一些人则有相反/恰恰相反的意见。两种观点中都有些正确的东西，但(我更倾向于前/后,3. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that . They claim/ believe/argue that . But I wonder/doubt whether.,现在，一般/普遍认为.他们声称/相信/认为.不过，我怀疑/怀疑.,3,1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 .,1. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) . has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.,最近上升的问题/(现象).已造成/引起公众/流行/宽/举世关注,2. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of .has been brought into focus. ( has been brought to public attention),最近，问题的问题/ .的现象已成为注意的焦点。,3.Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality . is another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.,通货膨胀/贪污/社会不平等.又是我们必须学会面对新的痛苦的事实,4,1-3 观点法 -开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.,1. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that.,现在越来越多的人/大量开始/来实现/接受/(知道)的.,2. Now there is a growing awareness/recognition ot the necessity to.Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of .,现在，人们日益认识/认识到有必要.现在，人们越来越认识到/的重要性的认识.,4. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that. 也许现在是对.有一个重新审视的态度/想法的时候了,5,1-4 引用法 - 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点,1. “Knowledge is power.” such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people .,“知识就是力量。”这就是由培根说了。这句话也有同样的被越来越多的人所接受。,“Education is not complete with graduation.” Such is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion.,“教育是不完整的毕业。”这就是一个伟大的美国哲学家的意见。现在，越来越多的人分享他的意见。,2.“.” How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this . “.”,我们经常听到这样的话。,In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional saying as this “.”.,在我们自己的日子，我们都已经习惯听到这样的传统谚语,6,Every dog has his day. 凡人皆有得意日。,Hear and see and be still. 多听多看少开口。,Jack of all trades, and master of none. 样样皆通，样样稀松。,Keep good men company and you shall be of the number. 近朱者赤,Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌。,7,Deliberate slowly, execute promptly. 慢慢酌量，快快行动。,It is never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢，为时不晚。,Opportunity seldom knocks twice. 机不可失，时不再来。,Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。,Take time while time is, for time will be away. 时机不抓回溜走。,The day is short but the work is much. 工作多，光阴迫。,The early birds catch the worm. 捷足先登。,Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月无情；岁月易逝；岁月不待人。,Time tries all things. 时间考验一切。,When an opportunity is neglected, it never comes back to you. 机不可失，时不再来；机会一过，永不再来。,8,The early bird catches the worm. 笨鸟先飞。,Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。,Work makes the workman. 勤工出巧匠。,9,Ones life is limited, but learning is endless. 生命有限，学海无涯。,There is no royal road to learning. 学无坦途。,Trouble brings experience and experience brings wisdom.困难带来阅历，阅历给人智慧。,10,As you sow, so will you reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。,As you have made the bed, you must lie on it. 自作自受。,A work ill done must be twice done. 首次做不好，必须重新搞。,Easier said than done. 说得容易，做的难。,11,Never deter till tomorrow that which you can do today. 今日事须今日毕，切勿拖延到明天。,Never do things by halves. 做事不要半途而废。,Prepare for a rainy day. 未雨绸缪。,12,No one is wise at all time. 智者千虑，必有一失。,What you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts. 失于秋千，得于旋转木马。 失之东隅，收之桑榆。,13,A hedge between keeps friendship green. 淡交使友谊常青。,Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚。,Faith will move mountains. 精诚所至，金石为开。,Friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。,Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。,Like will to like. 物以类聚。,14,A fault confessed is half redressed. 承认错误等于改正一半。,A good conscience is a continual feast. 问心无愧天天乐。,All is not gold that glitters. 闪光的不都是金子。,Every man to his trade. 人各有所长。,He that is master of himself will soon be master of others. 能自治者方能制人,Honesty is the best policy. 诚实总是上策。,It is rather to be clothed in rags than to be clothed with shame. 宁可穿破衣，不可蒙耻辱。,Still waters run deep. 静水流深深藏不露。,15,1-5 比较法 - 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点.,1. For years, .had been viewed as . But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing . , people . .,多年来，.已被视为.但是，人们正以新的角度去看待。随着.的增长 ，人们. 。2. People used to think that . (In the past, .) But people now share .,人们曾经以为. 但是，人们现在赞同。,16,1-6 故事法 - 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.,1. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt . The phenomenon of . has aroused public concern.,2. I have a friend who . Should he . ? Such a dilemma(困境） we are often confront with in our daily life.,3. Once upon a time , there lived a man who . This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.,17,1-7 问题法 - 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.,Should/What . ? Options of . vary greatly , some ., others .But in my opinion , . .,18,文章中间主体内容句型,原因结果分析,2-1-1. 基本原因 - 分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因.,e.g:1. Why . ? For one thing. For another . 为什么. ? 第一第二,2. The answer to this problem involves many factors. For one thing. For another. Still another . 对这个问题的答案涉及很多因素。,3. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect . /both individual and social contribute to .,19,2-1-2 另一原因 - 在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用!,e.g:1. Another important factor is . 另一个重要因素是.2. . is also responsible for the change/problem.,3. Certainly , the . is not the sole reason for . 当然，. 不是唯一的理由.,20,2-1-3 后果影响 - 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 .e.g:,1. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on. 这将会产生深远/深远的影响,21,比较对照句型,2-2-1. 两者比较 - 比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用 !e.g:1. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B.,2. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B.,3. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.,22,2-2-2 . 两者相同/相似 - 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用!,e.g:,1. A and B have several thing in common. They are similar in that. A和B有几个共同的东西。,2. A bears some striking resemblances to B. A和B有些惊人的相似之,23,文章结尾形式,3-1 结论性- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 .e.g:1. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that .,2. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable . 总之/总之，这是更有价值.,24,3-2 后果性- 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.e.g:,1. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of . , if .allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of .,我们必须呼吁一个即刻的方法，因为目前的现象.如果.被允许进行的话，必将导致沉重代价.,2. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that . will be put in danger.,25,3-3 号召性 - 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意.e.g:1. It is time that we,urged,an immediate end to the tendency of .,2. It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.。,26,3-4 建议性 - 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法.e.g:1. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is . Another method is . Still another one is .,2. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.,27,3-5 方向性的结尾方式 - 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景.e.g:1. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way .,2. There is no quick method to the issue of ., but . might be helpful/beneficial.,3. The great challenge today is . There is much difficulty , but .,28,3-6 意义性的结尾方式 - 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义!e.g:1. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit . 以下这些建议，并不能保证成功，但回报可能是值得的努力。这不仅将造福，也有利于.2. In any case, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly . 在任何情况下，无论是正面还是负面，有一点可以肯定，它毫无疑问是,29,