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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语体与语域,1,语体（Style/Linguistic Style）,“同一语言品种(标准语、方言、社会方言等)使用者在不同的场合中典型地使用该语言品种的变体。”,(程雨民, 英语语体学，1989),2,语域（Register）,A style associated with a language,communication occasion,; it is a form of language used in a specific language environment and taking certain features.,3,情景因素(Ghadessy, 1993),1）语场 (field of discourse) nature, content and functions of communication,2）语式 (mode of discourse) internal organization, cohesion and coherence of discourse,3）语旨 (tenor of discourse) permanent or temporary relations between the speakers,4,变体（Varieties）,1Regional Varieties (地域变体，指按地域划分的同一种语言的方言形式)；,2Social Varieties (社会变体，指由于使用人群不同而出现的术语、行话等形式)；,3Written Varieties (书面变体，指根据场合不同而表现出来的口语和书面语形式)；,4Stylistic Varieties (风格变体，指由于语域差异而区分的不同风格语体，如公文、科技、法律等)。,5,Examples for Analysis,The defendant wishes to inform the court that he is innocent.,The defendant wants to tell you he didnt do it.,6,The company cannot ascertain why this has happened. We are not in a position to explain the decline in price, but we do not reckon that the trend will continue.,Well, as I told them at the meeting this morning, you cant tell why thats happened. Now, you just cant explain this drop in price, but I dont think its going to go on.,7,The company cannot ascertain why this has happened. We are not in a position to explain the decline in price, but we do not reckon that the trend will continue.,我公司尚难确定事情发生的原因。对于价格下跌我方不能做出解释, 但我方认为此趋势将不会继续。,8,Well, as I told them at the meeting this morning, you cant tell why thats happened. Now, you just cant explain this drop in price, but I dont think its going to go on.,(啊),就像今天上午我告诉他们的那样, 你们不能说清为什么发生那事。(这个), 你们不能解释价格下跌的原因, 不过我想它不会继续下跌。,9,Varieties Make Things Complex,讲起,今时今日,香港商业的表现，,确是,不尽如人意。,好像,我们这些饮食生意，,都,是,好难做,的。没办法啦，,世道艰难,，现在香港人个个都过得比较,辛苦,，,冇,钱都是去,茶餐厅,吃，好少,帮衬,我们这些大酒楼。不过我对香港还是,好有,信心的。真正热爱香港的香港人绝对不会希望,唱衰香,港。,返观,特区政府，其实都,俾足心机,重振香港经济。中央政府对我们也非常关心，,好像自由行,啦，CEPA啦，都刺激了香港的商业。现在,好多,来酒楼吃饭的都是,大陆客,，我,都好想,他们多点来香港,走动,，帮我们把生意,做大做旺,。,10,Indonesia China bilateral trade has experienced a moderate deficit between the year of 2000 and 2001, while it has,rebounced,in the year of 2002 with growth recorded at 17.5% from 2001 to 2002. In 2002, although the balance of trade of Indonesia and China is in favour of Indonesia,but,its changes,shows,a negative trend.,Indonesian,main non-oil and gas export to China are pulp and vegetable oil,meanwhile,Chinas main non-oil and gas export to Indonesia are corn, chemicals and fruits. By,looking at a glance,to our export and import activities, we should discuss other opportunities that could,be benefited,both countries. It is our obligation to find a way to increase trade and develop better cooperation in all sectors for the better future of our nations.,11,Functions of style/register in interpretation:,1) It helps the interpreter anticipate coming discourse,2) It confines the interpreter in organizing his/her own discourse,12,Examples Analysis,非常感谢您能邀请敝人参加这次招待会, 敝人的确过得愉快。,It was extremely gracious of you to have invited me to the reception, and,I had bags of fun there,.,现在，请举杯，为我们的成功合作和双方长期的友谊，干杯！,Now allow me to propose a toast to our successful cooperation and to our long-standing friendship,bottoms up,!,13,坚持一个中国的原则是实现和平统一的基础和前提。中国的主权和领土决不容许分割。,Adherence to,the principle of one China is the basis and,premise,for peaceful reunification. Chinas,sovereignty,and territory,must never be allowed to suffer division,.,14,Four Linguistic Styles:,庄严 (frozen) 正式(formal) 随意 (casual) 亲密 (intimate),15,We might acquire some sodium chloride. (正式的、专业的),We can get some sodium chloride. (非正式的、专业的),We may obtain some salt. (正式的、非专业的),We can get some salt. (非正式的、非专业的),16,
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