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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Miranda Warnings,米兰达警告（MirandaWarning，）是指美国警察根据美国联邦最高法院在1966年“米兰达诉亚利桑那州案” 一案的判例中，最终确立的米兰达规则。,1,The Origin case of MirandaWarning,1966年有个叫埃曼斯托米兰达(Emesto Miranda)的人被控告绑架并强奸一名十八岁的姑娘。后来米兰达上诉美最高法院，声称警方没有宣读他有保持沉默的权力，并剥夺他取得律师协助的权力。考虑了种种论证后，最高法院裁决米兰达的供词在法庭审判时无效，因为那是在未告知他享有的宪法的权力的情况下取得的。,2,In the,Unit,ed States, the Miranda warning is a warning given by police to criminal suspects in police custody, before they are asked guilt-seeking questions relating to the commission of a crime.,（,PrivilegeAgainstSelf-incrimination,）,3,4,5,米兰达警告是为保护因贫穷、没有受过教育的人而设。如今，“你有权保持沉默，你说的每一句话都可能成为对你不利的供证”这著名的米兰达警告，时刻提醒被警方限制自由的人用法律保护自己的权利。米兰达警告表达了法律在有其尊严一面的同时，还有着对普通人性的关爱。,6,Discuss the following questions within your group:,Why is this right so important that the Supreme Court of the United States decided people accused of crimes must be informed of it?,Does informing a person of the right provide absolute protection?,How can police be certain that an accused person understands the meaning of the,Miranda,Warnings?,7,The criminal procedures,What kind of rights do you have in the course of arraignment?,Why did few people choose bail jump?,The preliminary hearing can benefit the defense greatly, why?,Can a criminal case be solved without a trial? what is that procedure?,What is the purpose of the voir dire?,8,
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