检查井施工工艺

,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,检查井施工工艺,八年级下册英语单词英译汉,八年级下册英语单词英译汉,PAGE / NUMPAGES PAGE * MERGEFORMAT 1,八年级下册英语单词英译汉,2015 八年级下册英语英译汉,Unit1 Whatt the matter,1.matter_,2.Whats the matter?_,3.sore _,4.have a cold _,5.stomachache_,6.have a stomachache_,7.foot _,8.neck _,9.stomach_,10.throat_,11.fever_,12.lie_,13.lie down_,14.rest_,15.cough_,16. X-ray_,17.toothache_,18.take ones temperature_,19.headache_,20.have a fever_,21.break_,22.take breaks_,23.hurt_,24.passenger_,25.off_,26.get off_,27.to ones surprise_,28.onto _,29.trouble_,30.hit_,31.right away_,32.get into_,33.herself_,34.bandage_,35.sick_,36.knee_,37.nosebleed_,38.breathe_,39.sunburned_,40.ourselves_,41.climber_,42.be used to_,43.risk_,44.take risks(take a risk)_,45.accident_,46.situation_,47.kilo/kilogram_,48.rock_,49.run out (of)_,50.knife_,51.cut off_,52.blood_,53.mean/meant_,54.get out of_,55.importance_,56.decision_,57.control_,58.be in control of_,59.spirit_,60.death_,61.give up_,62.nurse_,Unit2.Ill help to clean up the city parks,1.clean up_,2.cheer_,3.cheer up_,4.give out_,5.volunteer_,e up with_,7.put off_,8.sign_,9.notice_,10.hand out_,11.call up_,12.used to_,13.lonely_,14.care for_,15.several_,16.strong_,17.feeling_,18.satisfaction_,19.joy_,20.owner_,21.try out_,22.journey_,23.raise_,24.alone_,25.repair_,26.fix_,27.fix up_,28.give away_,29.take after_,30.broken_,31.wheel_,32.letter_,33.Miss_,34.set up_,35.disabled_,36.make a difference_,37.blind_,38.deaf_,39.imagine_,40.difficulty_,41.open_,42.door_,43.carry_,44.train_,45.excited_,46.training_,47.kindness_,48.clever_,49.understand/understood_,52.sir_,53.madam_,Unit3 Could you please clean your room ?,1.rubbish_,2.take out the rubbish_,3.fold_,4.sweep/swept_,5.floor_,6.mess_,7.throw_,8.all the time_,9.neither_,10.shirt_,11.as soon as_,12.pass_,13.borrow_,14.lend_,15.finger_,16.hate_,17.chore_,18.while_,19.snack_,20.stress_,21.waste_,22.in order to_,23.provide_,24.anyway_,25.depend_,26.depend on_,27.develop_,28.independence_,29.fairness_,30.since_,33.ill_,34.drop_,35.independent_,36.fair_,37.unfair_,Unit4 Why dont you talk to your parents ?,1.allow_,2.wrong_,3.Whats wrong?_,4.midnight_,5.look through_,6.guess_,7.deal_,8.big deal_,9.work out_,10.get on with_,11.relation_,munication_,13.argue_,14.cloud_,15.elder_,16.instead_,17.whatever_,18.nervous_,19.offer_,20.proper_,21.secondly _,municate_,23.explain_,24.clear _,25.copy _,26.return _,27.anymore_,28.member_,31.opinion _,32.skill _,33.typical _,34.football _,35.cut out _,36.quick_,37.continue _,pare_,pare sth with sth_,40.crazy _,41.push_,42.development _,43.cause _,44.usual_,45.in ones opinion _,46.perhaps_,Units 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came ?,1.rainstorm_,2.alarm_,3.go off_,4.begin/began_,5.heavily_,6.suddenly_,7.pick up_,8.strange_,9.storm_,10.wind_,11.light_,12.report_,13.area_,14.wood_,15.window_,16.flashlight_,17.match_,18.beat_,19.against _,20.asleep_,21.fall asleep_,22.die down_,23.rise_,24.fallen_,25.apart_,26.have a look_,27.icy_,28.kid_,29.realize_,30.make ones way_,31.passage_,32.pupil_,pletely_,34.shocked_,35.silence _,36.in silence_,37.recently_,38.take down_,39.terrorist_,40.date_,41.tower_,42. at first_,43.truth_,Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains .,1.shoot _,2.stone_,3.weak_,4.god_,5.remind_,6.bit_,7.a little bit_,8.silly_,9.instead of_,10.turn.into_,11.object_,12.hide_,13.tail_,14.magic_,15.stick_,16.excite_,17.Western_,18. once upon_,19.stepsister_,20.prince _,21.fall in love_,22.fit_,23.couple_,24.smile,25.marry_,26.get married_,27.gold_,28.emperor_,29.silk_,30.underwear_,31.nobody_,32.stupid_,33.cheap_,34.stepmother_,35.wife_,36.husband_,37.whole_,38.scene_,39.moonlight_,40.shine/shone_,41.bright_,42.ground_,43.lead _,44.voice_,45.brave_,46.Jouney to the West_,47.the Monkey King_,48.Sleeping Beauty_,49.Cinderella_,50.Little Red Riding Hood_,51.Hansel and Gretel_,Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world ?,1.square_,2.meter_,3.deep_,4.desert_,5.population_,6.Asia_,7.feel free_,8.tour_,9.tourist_,10.wall_,11.amazing_,12.ancient_,13.protect_,14.wide_,15.as far as I know_,16.achievement_,17.southwestern_,18.thick_,19.include_,20.freezing_,21.condition_,22.take in_,23.succeed_,24.challenge_,25.in the face of_,26.achieve_,27.force_,28.nature_,29.even though_,30.ocean_,31.the Pacific Ocean_,32.cm/centimeter/centimetre_,33.weigh_,34.birth _,35.at birth_,36.up to_,37.adult_,38.bamboo_,39.endangered_,40.research_,41.keeper_,42.awake_,43.excitement_,44.walk into_,45.fall over_,46.illness_,47.remaining _,48.or so_,49.artwork_,50.wild_,51.government_,52.whale_,53.oil_,54.protection_,55.huge_,Unit8 Have you read Treasure Island yet ?,1.treasure_,2.island_,3.full of_,4.classic_,5.page_,6.hurry_,7.hurry up_,8.due_ 9.ship_,10.tool_,11.gun_,12.mark_,13.sand_,14.cannibal_,15.towards_,16.land_,17.fiction_,18.science fiction_,19.technology_,20.French_,21.pop_,22.rock_,23.band_,24.country music/country _,25.forever_,26.abroad_,27.actually_,28.ever since_,29.fan_,30.southern_,31.modern_,32.success_,33.belong_,34.one another _,35.laughter_,36.beauty_ 6,37.million_,38.record_,39.introduce_,40.line_,Unit 9 Have you ever been to museum ?,1.amusement_,2.amusement park_,3.somewhere_,4.camera_,5.invention_,6.invent_,7.unbelievable_,8.progress_,9.rapid_,10.unusual_,11.toilet_,12.encourage_,13.social_,14.peaceful_,15.tea art_,16.performance_,17.perfect_,18.tea set_,19.itself_,20.collect_,21.a couple of_,22.German_,23.theme_,24.ride_,25.province_,26.thousand_,27.thousands of_,28.on the one hand.on the other hand_,29.safe_,30.simply_,31.fear_,32.whether_,33.Indian_,34.Japanese_,35.fox_,36.all year round_,37.equator_,38.whenever_,39.spring_,40.mostly_,41.location_,Unit10 Ive had this bike for three years,1.yard_,2.yard sale _,3.sweet_,4.memory_,5.cent_,6.toy_,7.bear_,8.maker_,9.bread maker_ 7,10.scarf/scarves_,11.soft_,12.soft toy_,13.check_,14.check out_,15.board_,16.board game_,17.junior_,18.junior high school_,19.clear_,20.clear up_,21.bedroom_,22.no longer _,23.own_,24.railway_,25.part_,26.part with_,27.certain_,28.as for_,29.honest_,30.to be honest_,31.while_,32.truthful_,33.hometown_,34.nowadays_,35.search_,36.among,37.crayon_,38 shame_,39 regard_,40.count_,41.century_,42.according to _,43.opposite_,44.especially_,45.childhood_,46.consider_,47.close to_,48.hold/held_,酸和碱的中和反应,酸和碱的中和反应,PAGE / NUMPAGES,酸和碱的中和反应,酸和碱的中和反应,1、中和反应,1）酸和碱作用生成盐和水的反应，叫做中和反应。,例如：H2SO4 + 2NaOH =Na2SO4 +2H2O,2HCl + Ca(OH)2 = CaCl2 +2H2O,注意：酸碱中和反应生成盐和水，但是有盐和水生成的反应不一定是中和反应，如反应2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O,2）中和反应的实质,HCl=H+ + Cl- ；,NaOH =Na+ + OH-,酸溶液中的氢离子与碱溶液中的氢氧根离子结合生成了水分子。如：HCl + NaOH =NaCl + H2O,（实际参加反应的是H+和OH-，即H+ OH-=H2O）,3）盐,盐的概念：由金属离子（铵根离子）和酸根离子构成的化合物统称为盐。例如：NaCl、CaCl2 、Na2SO4,酸、碱、盐类物质的比较,组 成特点举例酸H+酸根离子阳离子全部是 H+HCl、H2SO4碱金属离子(或NH4+)+OH-阴离子全部是 OH-NaOH、NH3.H2O,Ca(OH)2盐金属离子(或NH4+)+酸根离子除金属离子和酸根离子外可能还含有其他离子NaHSO4 、CaCl2 、 Na2CO3,【习题巩固】,如图所示，小田同学在进行酸碱中和反应的实验时，向烧杯中的氢氧化钠溶液滴加稀盐酸一会儿后，发现忘记了滴加指示剂。为了确定盐酸与氢氧化钠是否恰好完全反应，小田从烧杯中取了少量反应后的溶液于一支试管中，并向试管中滴加几滴无色酚酞试液，振荡，观察到酚酞试液不变色。于是她得出“两种物质已恰好完全中和”的结论。（1）你认为她得出的结论是否正确_?，理由是_?。（2）请你设计一个实验，探究上述烧杯中的溶液是否恰好完全中和填写下表：,实验方法可能观察到的现象结论2、中和反应在实际中的应用,调节土壤的酸碱性、处理工厂的废水、用于医药,【习题巩固】,如图是某种胃药的部分标识。胃药中所含物质能中和胃液里过多的胃酸（主要是盐酸）。某患者按标识上的服用方法服药，服药三天后病情好转。计算患者在三天内所服用的此胃药中：（计算结果保留一位小数）（1）所含氢氧化镁的质量为多少？（2）理论上可中和胃酸中的HCl质量是多少？,3、溶液酸碱度的表示法-pH,pH与溶液酸碱度的关系：,pH的范围：在 0 14 之间,pH7溶液为碱性，pH越大碱性越强。,说明:,1）、pH表示溶液酸碱性的强弱程度,2）、pH是溶液中所含H+的浓度或OH-的浓度大小的一种表示方法，溶液中H+的浓度越大，酸性越强，pH越小；pH的浓度越大，碱性越强，pH越大；当溶液中H+的浓度与OH-的浓度相等时，则溶液的pH=7，呈中性。,3）、碱性溶液中一定含OH-，但不一定是碱的溶液，例如Na2CO3是盐类物质，它的溶液显碱性；酸性溶液中一定含H+，但不一定是酸的溶液。,4、pH的测定方法,测定溶液的pH最简单的方法是使用pH试纸,测定方法：在白瓷板或玻璃片上放一小片pH试纸，用玻璃棒蘸取溶液滴到pH试纸上，把试纸显示的颜色和标准比色卡比较，即可得到溶液的pH。,注意：,不能直接将pH试纸浸入待测溶液中，因为用试纸直接蘸取待测溶液会污染待测液,不能先用蒸馏水将pH试纸润湿，再向试纸上滴待测液，如果将试纸先用蒸馏水润湿，则溶液就被稀释了，所测得的pH就可能不准确，测酸性溶液时，酸性溶液被稀释，酸性减弱，pH偏大；测碱性溶液时，碱性溶液被稀释，碱性减弱，pH偏小；测中性溶液时无影响。,用广泛pH试纸测溶液的pH比较粗略，读书为整数，测不出带小数的数值,检验气体的酸性和碱性，可将试纸润湿再用,测定溶液的pH还可以使用pH计。pH计又叫酸度计，是用来精确测定溶液pH的仪器。pH计有不同的型号，在精度和外观等方面有所不同。,【学习方法点津】,pH变化曲线图的理解和应用,酸性溶液和碱性溶液稀释的pH变化图,酸性溶液加水稀释pH变大，但只是接近7，不会大于7（酸性溶液不会稀释成碱性溶液），如图1。,碱性溶液加水稀释pH变小，但只是接近7，不会小于7（碱性溶液不会稀释成酸性溶液），如图2。,图1 图2,(2)酸碱中和滴定的曲线图,A.用酸滴碱的pH变化图,不断向NaOH溶液中滴加盐酸，边滴边搅拌并不断测定溶液的pH，可得出图3所以曲线图,V(HCl) V(碱),图3 图4,B、用碱滴酸的pH变化图，如图4,【习题巩固】,1、下列溶液pH最大的是,A、10% KOH B、20% KOH C、10% HCl D、20% HCl,2、已知M、N分别是稀硫酸、氢氧化钠溶液中的一种。某化学兴趣小组同学在一定量的M中不断滴加N，并测得所得溶液的pH，如图所示。（1）N是_，该反应的化学方程式为_?,（2）反应过程中，老师取a、b、c三处反应后的溶液，打乱顺序后，请同学们不测定溶液pH，用其他实验方法对三种溶液进行探究。小明和小华分别取其中一种溶液进行实验：小明向所取溶液中加入_?溶液观察到有红褐色沉淀生成。结论：是a处溶液。小华向少量另一处溶液中滴加酚酞溶液，观察到_。结论：是b处或c处溶液。为进一步确定该溶液成分，小华又设计并完成如下实验：,实验步骤实验现象结论取少量该溶液，向其中滴加_?,_?为c处溶液，并推知溶液中一定存在的溶质有,_。剩余一种为b处溶液。通过实验，同学们知道了酸碱反应过程中溶液pH的变化和用不同方法确定溶液成分。,【重点专题总结】,专题一 探究氢氧化钠和二氧化碳的反应,专题解读：NaOH溶液与CO2反应后生成Na2CO3和H2O，没有明显的现象，且Na2CO3溶液也呈碱性。因此验证NaOH溶液与CO2是否反应一直是各类考试的热点。解答此类问题应该注意以下几个方面：,（1）利用对比形变的程度观察。CO2能溶于水，也能与NaOH溶液反应，因此都会使密封的软塑料瓶发生形变，少量的NaOH溶液就能够达到实验目的，少量的水则现象不明显。,（2）验证，要想验证NaOH溶液与CO2发生了反应，最好的方法是验证的存在。可以通过滴入过量稀盐酸，验证CO2来实现，也可以通过滴加CaCl2、BaCl2等产生碳酸盐沉淀来实现。,（3）Na2CO3溶液也呈碱性。NaOH溶液与CO2反应后的产物Na2CO3，其水溶液也呈碱性。如果使用酚酞试剂来验证反应是否发生，则容易掉入试题的陷阱中，正确的方法是检验碳酸根的存在。,例：CO2是初中化学重点研究的气体之一。某化学兴趣小组设计了如下实验来探究CO2的制取和性质：（1）该兴趣小组用干燥管、烧杯、铜网等设计装配了一个在实验室中制取二氧化碳气体的装置，如图1所示。在干燥管内的铜网上应盛放_；若将铜网换成铁网，可能产生的后果是_，其原因是（用化学方程式表示）_。,图1 图2（2）该兴趣小组同学将制得的CO2分别通人澄清石灰水和氢氧化钠溶液中，他们观察到前者变浑浊，后者无明显现象CO2和NaOH是否发生了化学反应？1小明设计了甲、乙两个实验来验证CO2与NaOH发生了化学反应，如图2所示。实验现象为：甲-软塑料瓶变瘪，乙-“瓶吞鸡蛋”。,小虎同学认为上述实验是可行的，其共同原理是_。,小雯同学提出质疑，她认为上述实验还不足以说明CO2和NaOH发生了反应。其理由是_。,小明同学针对小雯的质疑又补充了一个对照实验，这个实验是_,_。（3）该兴趣小组同学还发现长久使用的热水瓶底部有一层水垢，其主要成分是CaCO3，和稀盐酸反应也能产生二氧化碳气体，取200g水垢，加入过量的稀盐酸，同时测量5分钟内生成气体的质量，结果如下表：,时间/min12345质量/g3050606666试回答下列问题：4分钟后，产生的CO2不再增加，说明水垢中CaCO3_?（填已或未）反应完全？该200g水垢中CaCO3的质量是多少？,专题二 中和反应及其应用,专题解读：稀盐酸（或稀硫酸）与氢氧化钠溶液发生的中和反应没有明显的现象，需要借助指示剂来完成，因此围绕忘记添加指示剂后可能的情况展开猜想是各类命题拓展的方向。再者，在没有指示剂的情况下，采用哪些方法来验证或除去过量的酸，也是各类考试命题的重点。,例：某研究性学习小组对中和反应进行探究，请你参与实验：,实验1：证明酸和碱发生了反应,稀盐酸和NaOH溶液混合没有明显现象，小丽同学按图1进行实验，证明了盐酸和NaOH溶液有发生化学反应，她依据的实验现象是_。,实验2：证明酸和碱反应有水生成,小明同学取变色硅胶（吸水后由蓝色变红色）、无水醋酸（一种酸，常温下为无色液体）和氢氧化钠固体进行图2所示的三个实验。,（1）实验、的实验目的是_。,（2）加入试剂后，要迅速塞紧橡胶塞的原因是_。,（3）能证明酸和碱反应有水生成的现象是_。,实验3：测量酸和碱反应过程的pH、温度变化,取一定量的稀盐酸，逐滴匀速滴加NaOH溶液，用传感器实时获得溶液的pH、温度曲线如图3。,（1）0-t1时，溶液的酸碱性变化情况是_。,（2）由图3分析，酸和碱有发生反应的依据是_，酸和碱的反应是_（填“吸热”或“放热”）。,二年级下册买电器练习题,二年级下册买电器练习题,PAGE / NUMPAGES,二年级下册买电器练习题,1.口算。,100200 500300 600400,9070 8040 12030,30005000 7000-2000 8008000,2.看大象表演。(在里填上“”“”或“”。),3.找出比下面的数少200的数，写在括号里。,300( ) 900( ) 890( ),1800( ) 500( ) 1200( ),1000( ) 570( ) 480( ),快乐学习,4.比一比，算一算。,690200 340200,69020 34020,5700100 8100700,5700100 8100700,5.找规律写数。,(1)3900，( )，4100，( )，4300。,(2) ( )，8580,8590，( )，8610。,(3)5000，( )，3000，( )，1000。,6.看图填空。,新新花点开张了，下面是花店一天卖花的情况。,(1)A种花和E种花共卖了多少朵？,答：A种花和E种花共卖了( )朵。,(2)卖得最多的与卖得最少的相差多少朵？,答：相差( )朵。,(3)你给花店老板提点什么建议？,(4)你还能提出什么问题？,7.实验小学有男生950人，女生800人。,一共有多少人？,答：一共有( )人。,男生比女生多多少人？,答：男生比女生多( )人。,8.,拓展练习,9.小明一家搬进了新楼房。,(1)买一台电视机和一辆自行车共花多少元钱？,(2)买一台电视机比买一个空调多花多少元钱？,(3)买一个空调和一辆自行车一共花多少元？,(4)你还能提出哪些数学问题？并解答。,10.某工厂做了一批课桌，运到学校200张，运到商店的比运到学校的一半多50,张。这个工厂共生产了多少张课桌？,11.想一想，填一填。,12.你能根据下图提出不同的问题并解答出来吗？,大学英语四级阅读理解精读100篇,大学英语四级阅读理解精读100篇,PAGE / NUMPAGES,大学英语四级阅读理解精读100篇,Passage One (Clinton Is Right),President Clintons decision on Apr.8 to send Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji packing without an agreement on Chinas entry into the World Trade Organization seemed to be a massive miscalculation. The President took a drubbing from much of the press, which had breathlessly reported that a deal was in the bag. The Cabinet and Whit House still appeared divided, and business leaders were characterized as furious over the lost opportunity. Zhu charged that Clinton lacked “the courage” to reach an accord. And when Clinton later telephoned the angry Zhu to pledge a renewed effort at negotiations, the gesture was widely portrayed as a flip-flop.,In fact, Clinton made the right decision in holding out for a better WTO deal. A lot more horse trading is needed before a final agreement can be reached. And without the Administrations goal of a “bullet-proof agreement” that business lobbyists can enthusiastically sell to a Republican Congress, the whole process will end up in partisan acrimony that could harm relations with China for years.,THE HARD PART. Many business lobbyists, while disappointed that the deal was not closed, agree that better terms can still be had. And Treasury Secretary Robert E. Rubin, National Economic Council Director Gene B. Sperling, Commerce Secretary William M. Daley, and top trade negotiator Charlene Barshefsky all advised Clinton that while the Chinese had made a remarkable number of concessions, “were not there yet,” according to senior officials.,Negotiating with Zhu over the remaining issues may be the easy part. Although Clinton can signal U.S. approval for Chinas entry into the WTO himself, he needs Congress to grant Beijing permanent most-favored-nation status as part of a broad trade accord. And the temptation for meddling on Capital Hill may prove over-whelming. Zhu had barely landed before Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott (R-Miss) declared himself skeptical that China deserved entry into the WTO. And Senators Jesse A. Helms (R-N.C.) and Emest F. Hollings (D-S. C.) promised to introduce a bill requiring congressional approval of any deal.,The hidden message from these three textile-state Southerners: Get more protection for the U. S. clothing industry. Hoping to smooth the way, the Administration tried, but failed, to budge Zhu on textiles. Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, and Detroit. Zhu refused to open up much of the lucrative Chinese securities market and insisted on “cultural” restrictions on American movies and music. He also blocked efforts to allow U. S. auto makers to provide fleet financing.,BIG JOB. Already, business lobbyists are blanketing Capitol Hill to presale any eventual agreement, but what theyve heard so far isnt encouraging. Republicans, including Lott, say that “the time just isnt right” for the deal. Translation: Were determined to make it look as if Clinton has capitulated to the Chinese and is ignoring human, religious, and labor rights violations; the theft of nuclear-weapons technology; and the sale of missile parts to Americas enemies. Beijings fierce critics within the Democratic Party, such as Senator Paul D. Wellstone of Minnesota and House Minority leader Richard A. Gephardt of Missouri, wont help, either.,Just how tough the lobbying job on Capitol Hill will be become clear on Apr. 20, when Rubin lectured 19chief executives on the need to discipline their Republican allies. With business and the White House still trading charges over who is responsible for the defeat of fast-track trade negotiating legislation in 1997, working together wont be easy. And Republicanswith a winksay that theyll eventually embrace Chinas entry into the WTO as a favor to Corporate America. Though not long before they torture Clinton. But Zhu is out on a limb, and if Congress overdoes the criticism, he may be forced by domestic critics to renege. Business must make this much dear to both its GOP allies and the Whit House: This historic deal is too important to risk losing to any more partisan squabbling,1.The main idea of this passage is,A. The Contradiction between the Democratic Party a