优秀英语ppt课件状语和状语从句ReviewLessons

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,优秀英语课件,状语和状语从句,Review Lessons,优秀英语课件状语和状语从句Review Lesson,1,状语的定义和作用,状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等的句子成分。,状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。,状语的定义和作用状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等的句,状语的形式和位置,在所有的语法范畴中，状语的形式最多样，它可以是单词、词组或从句；可以是,副词,（短语）、,介词短语,、,分词,（短语）、,动词不定式,（短语）、,状语从句,等。,与其他语法范畴相比，状语的位置也最灵活，它可以出现在句首、句中或句末。例如：,Immediately he replied.,（句首）,He immediately replied.,（句中）,He replied immediately.,（句尾）,状语的形式和位置在所有的语法范畴中，状语的形式最多样，它可以,副词（短语）作状语,She is,always,losing her keys.,她总是丢钥匙。,John drove,too slowly,.,约翰开车太慢。,副词（短语）作状语,介词短语作状语,The best fish swim,near the bottom,.,好鱼居水底,I have lived here,for three years,.,我住这已经,3,年了。,介词短语作状语,分词（短语）作状语,She sat there,doing nothing,.,她坐在那里无所事事。,（,doing,的逻辑主语是,she,，它们之间是主动的关系）,Given better attention, the trees can grow well.,如果得到更好的管理，这些树可以长得很好。,（,given,的逻辑主语是,the trees,，它们之间是被动的关系）,分词（短语）作状语She sat there doing n,为了表示明确的时间或条件，有时可在分词前加,when, while, if,等连词。例如：,When,leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.,当离开机场的时候，她向我们频频招手。,While,waiting for the train, I had a long talk with Jane.,在等火车的时候，我与珍妮进行了长谈。,If,translated word by word, the sentence will be meaningless.,如果逐字翻译，这个句子就没有意义。,为了表示明确的时间或条件，有时可在分词前加when, whi,分词有时也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语（即与句子的主语不一致），这种结构称为独立结构，在很多情况下表示时间、原因、条件或伴随的动作或情况。例如：,The holidays,being over, they began to get down to do their work again.,假期结束了，他们又开始认真地工作。,So many people,being absent, we decided to put the meeting off.,这么多人缺席，我们决定把会议延期。,分词有时也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语（即与句子的主语不一致），,【,特别提醒,】,现在分词表示主动的意思，表示动作正在进行；,过去分词表示被动的意思，表示动作的完成。,【特别提醒】,动词不定式（短语）作状语,She was slow,to make up her mind,.,迟迟不能下决心。,To be honest, I didn,t enjoy the party.,说实话，我不喜欢这个聚会。,We live,to serve the people heart and soul,.,我们活着是为了全心全意为人民服务。,动词不定式（短语）作状语She was slow to ma,副词性从句,-,状语从句,状语从句的种类,对比训练与巩固,副词性从句-状语从句状语从句的种类,11,While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took,his place. ( ),2. Where there is a will, there is a way. ( ),3. Now that/Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.,（ ）,4. Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. ( ),5. So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. ( ),6. As long as you dont lose heart, youll succeed. ( ),7. Try as he might, he could not find a job. ( ),8. The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. ( ),时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,条件,让步,方式,状语从句的分类,While I was wondering at this,状语从句,时间状语从句,原因状语从句,地点状语从句,目的状语从句,结果状语从句,条件状语从句,方式状语从句,比较状语从句,让步状语从句,状语从句有九种，,时地原因条状补，,目比结果方让步，,连词引导各不同；,主句通常前面走，,连词引导紧随后，,从句若在主前头，,主从之间有个逗,。,状语从句时间状语从句状语从句有九种，,1,、时间状语从句：,引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：,when, as, while, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as, by the time, whenerver, once ,等引导。如：,1、时间状语从句： 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有,1. When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.,2. It has been 15 years since he left.,3. Ill tell him the news as soon as I see him.,4. Once you have got used to it, you will like it.,5. I waited till he had finished his work.,1. When he was still a young,（,1,）,when, as, while,when,：,“,当,.,时，在,.,之后,”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生或先后发生。,可用延,续（持续）性动词，也可用终止（短暂）性动词。,如：,1. When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.,（,同时发生,）,2. When the lesson was,over, we began our writing.,（,从句动作在前,）,3.Call me when you have,finished,.,（,从句动作在前,）,（1）when, as, while1. When I wa,as,“,正当，一边,.,一边,随着,”,引导时间状语从句，,表示某事一发生，另一事随即发生；,表示某事发生的过程中另一事发生；表示两个动作同时发生。,可用延续（持续）性动词，也可用终止（短暂）性动词,。,如：,1. As the sun rose the fog disappeared.,2. As he was speaking there was a loud explosion.,3. He,smiled,as he,passed,.(,两个都是短暂性动作,),4. He saw that she was,smiling,as she,read,.,(,两个都是延续性动作,),as“正当，一边.一边,随着”引导时间状语从句，表示某,While,：“,与,.,同时，在,期间,”,，,引导时间状语从句,侧重主句和从句动作的对比。,它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，常用延续（持续）性动词或表示状态的动词。如：,1. They rushed in while we were discussing problems.,2. You can go swimming while Im having lunch.,3. While we were watching TV, he was doing homework.,4. He was writing an e-mail while I was playing games.,While：“与.同时，在期间”，引导时间状语从句侧重,while,也可做并列连词，表示,“,对照，对比,”,的意思。如：,He is tall while his brother is short.,当,when, as, while,表示“在,一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：,While (When,或,As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in.,while也可做并列连词，表示“对照，对比”的意思。如：He,1. Did she leave a message before she went home?,（,主句动作在前,）,2. She showed me many beautiful stamps after I got to her home.,（,从句动作在前,）,（,2,）,before,，,after,before,“,在,.,之前,”,引导的时间状语从句通常表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，反之则用,after,“,在,.,之后,”,.,1. Did she leave a message bef,(3) till,和,until,如果主句谓语动词是延续性动词，通常用肯定式的主句,until/till,都表示“,直到,为止,”，常可互换。如：,I,worked,till (until) he came back.,如果主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，则用否定式的主句，,not.until,表示“,直到,才,”,有时不用,not,而用其他如,never,nothing,等表示否定的词。如：,I didnt,go,to bed until he came back.,放在句首表示强调时一般用,until,，,till,不用于句首，也不可用于强调句。如：,Until he returns, nothing can be done.,(3) till和until 如果主句谓语动词是非延,（,4,）,since,since,引导的时间状语从句，表示,“,自,.,以来,”,，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：,1.I,have worked,for this company since I,graduated,.,2.We,have been,good friends since we,joined,the same football team.,（4）sincesince引导的时间状语从句，表示“ 自.,（,5,）,as soon as,as soon as,引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为,“,一,.,就,.,”,。该从句经常用一般现在时表示将来。如：,1.As soon as he,arrives, Ill tell him.,2.Ill give it to her as soon as she,arrives,here.,（5）as soon asas soon as引导的从句表示,（,6,）,by the time,by the time,这个词组常用来指到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态。如：,1. By the time he was 12, he,had travelled,to more than 30 countries to get his disease cured.,2. By the time you arrived, the lecture,had already,ended.,（6）by the timeby the time这个词组常,(7),whennever,once, each time, every time, the moment, the minute, soon after, shortly afterimmediately, directly, instantly, the instant, hardly,when, scarcely,when, no sooner,than,等都可以作为连词引导时间状语。如：,1. Whenever she comes, she brings a friend.,2. Each time he came, he would call on me.,3. You must show him in immediately he comes.,4. I recognized him the moment I saw him.,(7) whennever,once, each time,讲练结合,:,1.,Did you remember to give Mary the,money you owed her?,Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her.,A. whileB. the moment,C. suddenlyD. once,2. I thought her nice and honest _ I,met her.,A. first time B. for the first time,C. the first timeD. by the first time,3. _ entered the office when he realized that,he had forgotten his report.,A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly,C. Hardly had heD. Hardly he had,B,C,C,讲练结合:BCC,Sum up:,1,the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen,scarcelywhen, no soonerthan,等一些词也可引导一个时间状语从句，相当于,as soon as,的意思。如：,I didnt wait a moment, but came immediately you called.,2,一些含有,time,的名词短语，如,every time, each time,next time, by the time,等，以及,the day, the year,the morning,等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。如：,The day he returned home, his father was already dead.,Next time you come, please bring your composition.,3.,如果,hardly,或,no sooner,或,scarcely,置于句首，句子必,须用部分倒装结构。如：,Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.,Sum up:,时间状语从句,:,牛刀小试,1. We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the,storm started.,A. when B. while C. until D. before,2. He was about to tell me the secret _ someone,patted him on the shoulder.,A. as B. until C. whileD. when,3. He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it,was the best time for it.,A. where B. when C. thatD. until,4.,Did Jack come back early last night?,Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home.,A. Before B. when C. thatD. until,5. He was about halfway through his meal _ a,familiar voice came to his ears.,A. why B. where C. when D. while,A,D,B,B,C,时间状语从句:牛刀小试ADBBC,6. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in,Britain, _ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.,A. since B. when C. as D. while,7. _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually,like the person.,A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless,8. _ I am doing my homework, my mother is cooking.,A. Ad B. While C. Before D. Until,连接词,while,的用法小结,1. while,引导的动作必须是延续性动词或表示状态的动词，侧重主句动作和从句动作同时发生。,2. while,作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表对照，对比。,3. while,可表示尽管，相当于,although,。,D,A,B,6. The cost of living in Glasg,【,小结,】,1.时间状语从句常由下列连词引导：when, as, while, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as, by the time, whenerver, once 等引导。,2.时间状语从句还可由一些名词the moment, the instant, every time等，副词instantly, directly等连接。,Ill telephone you the instant I know.我一知道就立即给你打 。,Every time I catch a cold, my nose runs.每次我感冒都流鼻涕。,3.时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。（主将从现）,You will get to know when you grow up. 你长大后就会了解。,【小结】1.时间状语从句常由下列连词引导：when, as,时间状语从句,when,as,while,before,after,until (till),since,as soon as,by the time,whenever/once,every/each time,the first/last time,the moment,the minute,instantly,immediately,directly,(,一,就,),hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,no soonerthan,部分倒装,时间状语从句 whenwhenever/once部分倒装,通常由连词：,because, since, as, now that,引导。,He didnt come because he was ill.,2,、原因状语从句：,because,：,表示“因为”，直接而明确的原因和理由，表因果关系语气最强。,why,提问的句子，一般都用,because,回答。,注意：,because,不能和,so,在同一个句子中出现，表因果关系只能二选一。,通常由连词：because, since, as, now,Since you are here, you must do it.,You neednt go with me, as you are busy.,As I was afraid, I hid myself.,since,：,表示人们已知的事实，不需要强调的原因，“既然”，通常放在句首。,since,引导的从句是次要的，重点强调主句的内容。,as,：,as,和,since,用法差不多，所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人熟悉而不需用,because,加以强调。,as,引导的从句于主句同等重要。,Since you are here, you must d,1. Now (that) you are in High School, you will probably spend more in reading.,2. Now (that) all the guests have arrived, lets have our dinner.,3. Im going to relax now (that) the school year is over.,now (that),：,now (that),主要用于口语，表示微弱的原因，主从关系不明显，,常译为“既然”，与,since,意思相似。,1. Now (that) you are in Hi,注意：, 在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用,because,引导，不可用,as,或,since,，如：,It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us., because,可以引导表语从句,而,as, since,不可以，状语一般都是,it, this, that,如：,Its because he is too lazy., for,也表示“因为”，但是并列连词，它连接的不是状语从句，语气比较强。,It must be morning, for the birds are singing.,注意： because可以引导表语从句,而as, sinc,知识拓展：,for,和上述三个从属连词不同，它是一个并列连词，用来链接并列句。它有时可用来作附加说明，为前面的事实提供一种推断的理由。,1. We should be more carefore, for it is already dark.,天已黑了，我们应更小心些。,2. Lets stay at home, for its raining hard outside.,我们待在家里吧，外面下着大雨。,知识拓展：for和上述三个从属连词不同，它是一个并列连词，用,because,since,as,for,now (that),considering (that),seeing (that),考虑到鉴于,鉴于由于既然因为,原因状语从句,because考虑到鉴于鉴于由于既然因为原因状语从句,通常由连词,where,和,wherever,引导。如：,1. Go back where you came from.,2. Wherever you go, you must write to your parents.,3. Where there is a will, there is a way.,4. Where there is too much, the poison and waste may do great harm to the things around us.,3,、地点状语从句：,通常由连词where和wherever引导。如：1. Go,地点状语从句与定语从句间的转化,在,where,前加上,to/in/from (the/any) place(s),等构成,to/in/from (the/any) place(s) where,便可变成定语从句。如：,1. Just stay where you are and dont move.,2. Just stay in the place where you are and dont move.,3. You can go anywhere you like.,4. You can go to any place where you like.,定语从句,定语从句,地点状语从句与定语从句间的转化在where前加上to/in/,温馨提示：,地点,状语从句,从属连词,where,用来修饰句子的谓语动词的，用来说明那个动作发生的地点。,定语从句,关系副词,where,(,前面有一个名词或代词充当先行词,),先行词应该是一个表示地点的名词，定语从句用来说明那是一个什么样的地点,1.This is the house where I lived two years ago.,2. Sit where I can see you.,温馨提示：地点从属连词where用来修饰句子的谓语动词的，用,通常由,so that, in order that, in case (that) , for the purpose that, for fear that, lest,等引导：,1.He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus.,2.She married him so that she might tend and comfort him.,3.I explained again and again in case he should misunderstand me.,4,、目的状语从句：,在目的状语从句中常常含有,may, might, will, would, shall, should, can, could,等情态动词。,通常由so that, in order that, in,in order that,和,so that,in order that,常用于正式文体。可置于句首，也可置于句中；而,so that,往往置于句中，,so that,短语中有时可省略,that,。如：,1. I hurried through my work in order that I could be in time for wonderful TV programmes.,2. She dresses like an angel so that everyone will notice her.,3. Speak louder so (that) the people in the hall can hear you.,in order to “,为了,”,，后跟不定式,so that“,以便,”,，引导目的状语从句,in order that 和 so thatin orde,目的状语从句与不定式、介词短语的互换,当从句主语与主语一致时，可用,so as to, in order to,。,1. He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.,He worked day and night in order to succeed.,2. Well sit in the front of the hall so that we can hear better.,Well sit in the front of the hall so as to/ in order to hear better.,【重点难点】,1. so that,引导的目的状语从句，从句的谓语动词里有,can, could,may,might,等情态动词；,2. so that,引导的结果状语从句，从句的谓语动词里则没有。,目的状语从句与不定式、介词短语的互换当从句主语与主语一致时，,I hid the book lest (=for fear that),he should see it.,【特别提醒】,由,lest,，,for fear that,引导的目的状语从句要使用虚拟语气，由,should,动词原形构成。,I hid the book lest (=for fear,so that,为使，以便,in order that,为了，以便,in case (that),假使，万一，如果，以免,for the purpose that 为了目的,lest,唯恐，,免得,for fear that,生怕，唯恐，以免,目的状语从句,so that 为使，以便目的状语从句,由,that, so that, sothat., suchthat.,引导：,1.,It was very cold, so that the river froze.,2. The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts.,3. There were so many people (=such a lot of people) in the room that we could not get in.,4. He made such an excellent speech that every one admired him.,5,、结果状语从句：,由that, so that, sothat., su,so that,so,形容词,/,副词,+that+,从句,many/few+,可数名词的复数,much/little+,不可数名词,形容词,+a/an+,可数名词单数,1. Kathy is so lovely a girl that we all like to play with her.,2. Father worked so hard that we were all worried about him.,3. Tom is so kind that they all like to make friends with him.,4. Lisa left home so hurriedly that she left her cellphone home.,5. Theres so little time left that we have to speed up.,s,o.that.,引导结果状语从句时，从句如果是否定句，可与,too.to.,结构互换,:,如：,They were so tired that they couldnt go any farther.,=They were too tired to any farther.,so that形容词/副词many/few+可数名词的,such that,such,a/an+,形容词,+,可数,名词单数,+that+,从句,形容词,+,可数名词复数,形容词,+,不可数名词,1. Kathy is such a lovely girl that we all like to play with her.,2. There were such difficult questions that none of us could answer them.,3. We had such terrible weather that we couldnt finish the work on time.,知识拓展：,so/such.that.,引导结果状语从句时，可把,so/such,置于句首，,主句用倒装语序。,1. Such was his worry that he couldnt go on with his work.,2. So carelessly did he drive that he was nearly killed.,such thata/an+形容词+可数名词单数形容词,that /,so that,结果状语从句,so,形容词,/,副词,+that+,从句,many/few+,可数名词的复数,much/little+,不可数名词,形容词,+a/an+,可数名词单数,such,a/an+,形容词,+,可数,名词单数,+that+,从句,形容词,+,可数名词复数,形容词,+,不可数名词,that / so that 结果状语从,时间状语从句,原因状语从句,地点状语从句,目的状语从句,结果状语从句,继续讲后面,4,种状语从句,时间状语从句继续讲后面4种状语从句,50,由,if,（如果）, unless,（除非）, as long as (=so long as) (,只要,), in case (that) (,如果，万一,),等引导。主句为祈使句、一般将来时或有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时。,1. If plastics and rubber are burned, they give off poisonous gases.,2. Unless you work hard, you will fail.,3. You can go out, as long as (so long as ) you promise to be back before eleven.,4. In case I forget, please remind me about that.,6,、条件状语从句：,注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。,由 if （如果）, unless （除非）, as lon,if,如果,(1) if,时引导条件状语从句中最常用的连词，表示在某种条件下某事可能发生。,1. If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.,2. If you fail in the exam, you will let hime down.,(2),如果,if,引导的条件状语从句所表达的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行，动词要用现在完成时或完成进行时，主句通常用将来时。,1. Ill show you how to do it if I have finished th book.,if 如果(1) if时引导条件状语从句中最常用的连词，表,知识拓展,:,if引导的条件状语从句和宾语从句的区别:,(,1)if引导条件状语从句，通常考查的内容为:主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时表示将来;,(,2)if引导宾语从句，如果主句是一般现在时,那么宾语从句可根据时间状语选用各种对应的时态;如果主句是一般过去时，那么宾语从句要用过去的某种时态。,1.,If it doesnt rain, I will go to the cinema tomorrow.,2.,Do you know if we will go to the z,oo,next Saturday?,3. I,think well go if we dont have much homework.,主将从现,（宾语从句）你知道我们下周六是否去动物吗？,知识拓展 : if引导的条件状语从句和宾语从句的区别:主将,unless,除非,unless,相当于,if.not.,意为,“,除非，如果不,”,。,1. You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.,2. Dont come unless I telephone.,3. Unless it rains, the game will be palyed.,unless 除非unless相当于if.not.,if,（如果）,unless,（除非）,as long as (=so long as) (,只要,),in case (that) (,如果，万一,),条件状语从句,if （如果）条件状语从句,由连词,as, as if, as though,引导：,1. The teacher told the students to do as he did.,老师让学生们按照他的做法去做,。,2. Leave it as it is.,顺其自然。,3. They did as I had asked.,他们是按照我的要求做的。,4. Leave the childern as they are.,让孩子们随便待着，不要管他们。,7,、方式状语从句：,as,由连词as, as if, as though引导：7、方式,as if,和,as though,(1),二者引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性时，通常用陈述语气，常与,look/ seem/ taste/ smell/ sound,等词连用。,1. He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing.,2. It looks as if it is going to rain.,天看起来好像要下雨了。,3. It seems as if the boy has lost his way.,小男孩似乎迷路了。,(2),从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象和夸大性的比喻，通常用虚拟语气。,1. He treats me as if I were his own son.,2. He walked as if he were drunk.,as if,和,as though,意义和用法大致一样,as if 和as though (1) 二者引导的方式状,方式状语从句,as,随着，,按照,as if,as though,从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性时，,陈述语气,从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象和夸大性的比喻,虚拟语气,方式状语从句as随着，按照从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大的,由连词,asas,（和,.,一样）, not so(as) as,（,.,不如,.,）, than(,比,),等引导,：,1. I hope it was as good as the one you lent me.,2. Actually the ocean floor are almost as irregular as the exposed land area.实际上，海底几乎和暴露的陆地区域一样不规则。,3.,No one can be more fit for his office than he is.,4. He cant run so fast as she.,8,、比较状语从句：,由连词asas（和.一样）, not so(as),注意：“,the+,比较级,(+,从句,),，,the+,比较级,(+,主句,),，这一句型也归在较状语从句内。如：,1. The more you study, the more you know.,2. The harder we work, the happier we feel.,注意：“the+比较级(+从句)，the+比较级(+主句)，,asas,（和,.,一样）,not so(as) as,（,.,不如,.,）,than(,比,),the+,比较级,(+,从句,),，,the+,比较级,(+,主句,),比较状语从句,asas（和.一样） 比较状语从句,让步状语从句表示某种与主句相反条件或情况，但从句所表示的这些不利因素并不能阻止主句动作的发生，即在相反的条件下，主句的情况依然存在。,由,though, although, as (,虽然,), even if, even though(,尽管,), whoever, no matter who,（无论谁）,however, no matter how,（无论怎样）, whatever, no matter what(,无论什么,), whether,引导。,在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。,9,、让步状语从句：,让步状语从句表示某种与主句相反条件或情况，但从句所表示的这些,1. Though he is old, yet he is active.,虽然他很老，但他很活跃。,2. Although most of the people agreed, some were not willing to accepted.,尽管大多数人都同意，但有些人不愿意接受。,3. Proud as the nobles are, he is afraid to see me.,尽管贵族们很骄傲，他却不敢见我。,4. We wouldnt lose heart even if we should fail ten times.,即使我们失败了十次，我们也不会失去信心。,5. Whether he comes or not, well discuss the problem this afternoon.,不管他来不来，我们今天下午会讨论这个问题。,6. No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks Im wrong.,不管我说什么或怎么说，他总是认为我错了。,1. Though he is old, ye,though,和,although,though,与,although,同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与,but,连用，但可以与,yet, still,（副词）等连用，用来加强语气。,1. They are generous, though they are poor.,2. Although its raining, they are still working in the filed.,3. Though ( Although ) he was tired, yet (still) he went on working.,4. Though it was cold, yet,(still),he went out without a coat.,though和although though与althou,even though,和,even if,表示语气更强的让步，译为,“,即使,”,。,even though,更加强调,“,既成事实,”,的让步，,even if,更强调对,“,假设,”,的让步。,1. She is going to have problems in finding a job even if she gets her level CET-6.,即使她达到了英语,6,级水平，她找工作还是会有问题。,2. Even though he is 24 now, he is still like a little child.,尽管他现在,24,岁了，但他仍然像个小孩子。,3. She insisted on her own opinion even though she was wrong.,尽管她错了，她依然坚持自己的观点。,even though和even if表示语气更强的让步，,as,as,引导让步状语从句时，从句部分语序要部分倒装。,倒装时若有带冠词的名词，冠词需要省去。,as,的这种用法与,though,倒装时的用法完全一致。如：,1. Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign language.,（表语提前）,2. Child as he was, he had to support the family.,（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）,3. Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward.,（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）,asas引导让步状语从句时，从句部分语序要部分倒装。1. Y,whether.or not,和,whether.or,1. Anyway, its a good story whether or not its ture.,不管是真是假，这个故事都不错。,2. All the nations should be equal whether they are strong or not.,所有国家都应平等，不管他们是都强大。,3.Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy.,不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。,whether.or not和whether.or1,whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however,wh - ever,wh-ever,whateverwh - everwh-ever,no matter who,no matter what,no matter whi