CT在兽医的应用-课件

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,编辑版ppt,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,编辑版ppt,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,编辑版ppt,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,编辑版ppt,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,编辑版ppt,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,编辑版ppt,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,编辑版ppt,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,编辑版ppt,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,编辑版ppt,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,编辑版ppt,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,编辑版ppt,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,编辑版ppt,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,编辑版ppt,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,编辑版ppt,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,编辑版ppt,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,编辑版ppt,*,Computed tomography (CT) in veterinary medicine CT(,计算机体层摄影,),在兽医医学上的应用,H. van Bree & I. Gielen,Department Medical Imaging,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Ghent University,1,编辑版ppt,Computed tomography (CT) in ve,Radiology,Computed Tomography (CT),X-rays,2,编辑版ppt,RadiologyX-rays2编辑版ppt,Draw backs of conventional radiology,传统放射学回顾,Three dimensions becoming two,三维变成二维,Superposition,叠影,Distortion of the image,图像的失真,Limited soft tissue differentiation,软组织分辨率有限,3,编辑版ppt,Draw backs of conventional rad,CT: what?,什么是,CT？,Is a form of radiography in which a beam of x-rays is directed to the patient from many different angles.,是一种,X-,rays，,光束可以沿不同角度直接照射病人。,The fractional transmission of the x-rays through the patient is measured with electronic sensors. X-,rays,x-rays,可以分次穿过病人，并可以用电子感受器测量。,The signals are converted to digital form + sent to a computer.,信号被转变成数字的形式，并输入电脑。,4,编辑版ppt,CT: what? 什么是CT？Is a form o,Set of Disconnected Data,间断的数据设置,Series of contiguous 2-D axial images of specified thickness are required.,一系列特殊厚度的2维轴图像,Conventional CT,传统,CT,Single-Slice Spiral CT,单层螺旋,CT,Continuous Volume of Data,数据连续,Spiral pattern of volumetric data acquired,旋转模式获得数据,“,Step and Shoot” Gantry Rotation,间断照射扫描架旋转,Gantry containing x-ray tube and detectors returned to starting position after one 360-degree rotation, patient advanced fixed distance through gantry.,扫描架包括,X-,rays,电子管和检测器，旋转360度后，再回到正常位置，因为病人先前被固定在扫描架上。.,Continuous Gantry Rotation,连续扫描架旋转,Gantry housing x-ray tube and detectors rotates uninterrupted around the patient while patient continuously advanced through gantry,当病人连续的通过扫描架时，有,X-,ray,电子管和检测器的扫描架绕病人持续旋转。,Technological Comparison of CT Scanners,CT,扫描仪在技术上的对比,5,编辑版ppt,Set of Disconnected Data间断的数据设,Comparison of Single-Slice CT and Multislice CT,单层螺旋,CT,与多层螺旋,CT,的比较,Single-Slice Spiral CT,单层螺旋,CT,Multislice Spiral CT,多层螺旋,CT,One Detector Row,一个检测面,Radiation penetrating through patient is registered by one row of detectors,穿过病人的射线是被一排检测器记录。,Four Detector Rows,四个检测面,Radiation penetrating through patient is registered by four rows of detectors,穿过病人的射线被四排检测器记录。,One Slice,一层,Spiral path traced around patient yields one slice per gantry rotation,扫描架每旋转一圈，产生一层断面图像,Four Slices,四层,Spiral path traced around patient yields four slices per gantry rotation,扫描架每旋转一圈，可产生四层断面图像,6,编辑版ppt,Comparison of Single-Slice CT,Slice width,断层厚度,Tissue voxel,组织容量成分,Image pixel,成相像素,Matrix,短阵,7,编辑版ppt,Slice widthTissue voxelImage p,Spatial resolution and pixel,空间（立体）的分辨和像素,8,编辑版ppt,Spatial resolution and pixel空,Gray scale,灰尺,Air 1000,空气-1000,Soft tissue structures are usually displayed within this range.,软组织通常呈现在这个区域,+150,-150,0,Bone + 1000,骨+1000,White,白色,Black,黑色,window,Width,窗口宽度,window,Level,窗口水平面,CT images portray differences primarily in physical density, rather than in atomic number.,CT,主要是根据物理密度而不是电子数鉴别组织的差异的。,These differences can be accentuated in terms of shades of grey in the image by manipulating the window.,这些差异可通过操作窗口成像的灰色阴影而明显化,9,编辑版ppt,Gray scale灰尺Air 1000空气-1000So,Different windows,不同的窗口,Soft tissue window: WW 400; WL 60,Bone window: WW 3500; WL 500,10,编辑版ppt,Different windows不同的窗口Soft ti,Advantages:,优点,Avoiding superimposition of surrounding structures.,避免环绕结构形成重影,Superior tissue contrast-density difference.,优异的组织对比密度差异,Possibility of recons in different planes (2D, 3D).,对不同平面进行远程操作（2,D，3D）,Measurements possible (density, surface, size).,可以测量（密度，表面积，大小）,Disadvantages:,缺点,Radiation hazard.,射线的危害,High cost?,高成本？,Access to equipment?,有权使用设备否？,General anaesthesia.,全身麻醉,Learning curve dealing with axial pictures.,学会处理轴线图像的曲线,(,Dis)advantages of CT CT,的优缺点,11,编辑版ppt,Advantages:优点Disadvantages:缺点(,Radiation dose from CTCT,射线的放射剂量,Data from NRPB 1992,12,编辑版ppt,Radiation dose from CTCT射线的放射,1,cran.,caud.,R,U,H,Sagittal reconstructions,弧矢,重建,CT: 2D-reconstructions CT：,二维重建,13,编辑版ppt,1cran.caud.RUHSagittal reconst,CT: 3D-reconstructionsCT：,三维重建,14,编辑版ppt,CT: 3D-reconstructionsCT：三维重建,CT artefactsCT,误差,Most common:,最常见,Streak artefacts,纹理,Partial volume artefacts,局部体积,15,编辑版ppt,CT artefactsCT误差Most common:最,Beam hardening,射束硬化,16,编辑版ppt,Beam hardening 射束硬化16编辑版ppt,Why CT ?,为什么要做,CT？,Any situation where superimposition should be avoided.,被检结构不受邻近器官重叠干扰,17,编辑版ppt,Why CT ? 为什么要做CT？Any situatio,Any situation where superimposition should be avoided.,被检结构不受邻近器官重叠干扰,Any situation where the extension of a process should be evaluated.,评估病程的进展。,Why CT ?,为什么要做,CT？,18,编辑版ppt,Any situation where superimpos,Any situation where superimposition should be avoided.,被检结构不受邻近器官重叠干扰,Any situation where the extension of a process should be evaluated.,无论什么情况都要评估病程进展。,CT guided biopsies.,CT,可以引导活组织检查。,Evaluation of treatment/follow-up.,评估治疗效果/追踪观察,Why CT ?,19,编辑版ppt,Any situation where superimpos,When CT in small animals?,小动物何时做,CT？,Affections of the skull,颅部受影响,Brain,脑,Splanchnocranium,咽颅,Nasal cavity,鼻腔,Spinal problems,脊柱问题,Orthopaedics,矫形外科,Detection of fragments,碎片检测,Elbow,肘,Tarsus,跗,节,Other,其他,20,编辑版ppt,When CT in small animals?小动物何,Asymmetry lat ventricles = “mass-effect”,侧脑室不对称=“肿块影响”,Contrast enhancement,对比增强,Brain pathology,脑部病理,21,编辑版ppt,Asymmetry lat ventricles = “ma,Indications for CTCT,的应用,Affections of the skull,颅部受影响,Brain,脑,Splanchnocranium,咽颅,Nasal cavity,鼻腔,Spinal problems,脊柱问题,Orthopaedics,整形外科,Detection of fragments,碎片检测,Elbow,肘,Tarsus,跗节,Other,其他,22,编辑版ppt,Indications for CTCT的应用Affect,Indications for CTCT,的应用,Affections of the skull,颅部受影响,Brain,脑,Splanchnocranium,咽颅,Nasal cavity,鼻腔,Spinal problems,脊柱问题,Orthopaedics,整形外科,Detection of fragments,碎片检测,Elbow,肘,Tarsus,跗节,Other,其他,23,编辑版ppt,Indications for CTCT的应用Affect,CT tarsocrural OCD,分离性骨软骨炎，跗腕部骨软骨炎的,CT,Distal lesion,远端损伤,Dorsal lesion,背侧损伤,Proximal lesion,近端损伤,Exact location,精确定位,Size + extend,尺寸+扩大,Number of fragments,碎片数量,24,编辑版ppt,CT tarsocrural OCD分离性骨软骨炎，跗腕部,Inflammation,炎症,Soft tissue swelling,软组织肿胀,25,编辑版ppt,Inflammation炎症Soft tissue swel,Local extension of neoplasm,螯生物的局部增大,26,编辑版ppt,Local extension of neoplasm螯生,Metastases,转移灶,27,编辑版ppt,Metastases 转移灶27编辑版ppt,28,编辑版ppt,28编辑版ppt,Follow-up,追踪观察,29,编辑版ppt,Follow-up 追踪观察29编辑版ppt,CT horseCT,检查马,Limitations:,局限,Size,大小,Weight,体重,30,编辑版ppt,CT horseCT检查马Limitations: 局限,Indications for CT horse,马,CT,的应用,Skull,颅部,Dental problems,牙齿问题,Sinus problems,鼻窦问题,Etmoid problems,筛骨问题,(Brain),脑部,Extremities,四肢,Fragments? Navicular, any body part,碎片？足舟骨炎，其他部位,Complex fractures,复合骨折,31,编辑版ppt,Indications for CT horse马CT的应,Sinusitis,鼻窦炎,32,编辑版ppt,Sinusitis 鼻窦炎32编辑版ppt,Dental problems,牙齿问题,Tooth fracture,牙齿断裂,Bilateral fracture M1,Food sinus maxillaris,33,编辑版ppt,Dental problems 牙齿问题Tooth fr,Indications limbs CT horse,马四肢,CT,的应用,Feet/distal limb (till carpus?-tarsus?):,脚/肢远端（到腕？-跗部？）,fracture (spiral),螺旋骨折,fragments,碎片,OCD,分离性骨软骨炎,sesamoids,籽骨,navicular bone,足舟骨炎,soft tissues?.,软组织？,34,编辑版ppt,Indications limbs CT horse马四肢,Spiral P1 fracture,螺旋状,P1,骨折,35,编辑版ppt,Spiral P1 fracture螺旋状P1骨折35编辑,Spiral P1 fracture,螺旋状,P1,骨折,36,编辑版ppt,Spiral P1 fracture螺旋状P1骨折36编辑,PET-CT,正电子发射计算机断层显像仪,37,编辑版ppt,PET-CT正电子发射计算机断层显像仪 37编辑版ppt,PET,CT,positron emission tomography,正电子发射计算机断层显像技术,-rays,Metabolism,新陈代谢,computed tomography,CT,计算机,X,线断层摄影术,X-rays,Anatomy,解剖学,38,编辑版ppt,PETCTpositron emission tomogr,PET-CT,39,编辑版ppt,PET-CT39编辑版ppt,Localisation of Activity,定位,Image fusion,图象融合,Combined systems,复合系统,CT/MRI/SPECT: data acquired at the same scanning session: no motion!,CT/MRI/SPECT:,：扫描过程中同期获得数据（无需移动）,Image fusion with soft ware programs,Manual-automatical,人工-自动,CT, TCT: anatomical localization,自动定位,40,编辑版ppt,Localisation of Activity 定位Im,Localisation with Transmission Computed Tomography: TCT,透射式计算机断层的定位,41,编辑版ppt,Localisation with Transmission,Z,rich University,Radiotherapy,放射治疗,42,编辑版ppt,Zrich UniversityRadiotherapy,Key Points CTCT,关键点,RX,CT,Bone,骨,Without superimposition,无重影的形态图象,=,morphological imaging,No idea about functionality,功能性无价值,No idea About histology,组织学无价值,BIOPSY!,活组织检查,43,编辑版ppt,Key Points CTCT关键点Bone骨Withou,