主动表被动的几种情况

1 2 Grammar一 动 词 不 定 式 动 词 不 定 式 由 “ to+动 词 原 形 ” 构 成 ，可 以 在 句 中 作 主 语 、 宾 语 、 表 语 、 定语 、 状 语 、 补 足 语 等 ,但 不 能 作 谓 语 。 3 动词不定式 To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主 语 宾 语表 语 定 语 状 语 宾 补 4 一 般 式 ： to be done, 完 成 式 ： to have been done。只 有 及 物 动 词 和 相 当 于 及 物 动 词 的 短 语 才 有 不 定式 的 被 动 式 。e.g. H e asked to be sent to work in that factory. They had been warned many times before they carried out the plan.动 词 不 定 式 被 动 式(发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生) (发生在谓语动词之前) 6 谓 语 动 词 主 动 表 被 动 主 动 表 被 动 非 谓 语 动 词 主 动 表 被 动 7我 的 钱 用 完 了 。 (run out)我 实 现 了 梦 想 。 （ come true）My money has run out.My dream has come true. 一 、 谓 语 动 词 主 动 表 被 动 的 四 种 情 形 8The water _ (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool.The ice-cream _ (taste) delicious.felttastes 9 3. 当 read, write, draw, wash, clean, burn, cook, cut, wear,sell等 词 与 well, easily, quickly 等 副词 连 用 时 ,常 用 主 动 表 被 动 。 10 The cloth washes well. The poem reads smoothly. The book sells well. This cheese doesnt cut easily. Its too soft. This shirt will wear very long. The floor doesnt clean easily. This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind. 11 Q uestions:1.When did the accident _?交通事故是什么时候发生的？2. When did the war_?战争是何时爆发的？3.Ice-cream always _ well in summer.冰淇淋在夏天总是很好卖。happenbreak outsells 12 4. The music _ beautiful.音乐优美动听。5. As time went on, Einsteins theory _ to be correct. 随 着 时 间 的 推 移 ， 爱 因 斯 坦 的 理 论 被 证明 是 正 确 的 。6. G ood medicine _bitter!sounds provedtastes 13 二、非谓语动词主动表被动的情况：1. 不定式to blame, to let/rent, to hire, to seek用做表语时，通常用主动表被动。Who is to blame?The house is to let. (该怪谁呢？) (此屋出租。) 14 2. 在“主 语 +be +形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常 The question is difficult to answer. Do you think the water is safe to drink? H is writing is impossible to read. The strawberries are nice to eat. The man is hard to please. The room is expensive to live in . 15 有时形容词后跟有名词，在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义： Its a difficult book to read. 那是一本难读的书。 It is a pleasant thing to remember. 这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。 16 3 在 there be结 构 中例 如 ：There is a lot of homework _ （ do） There is nothing _ （ worry about） to doto worry about 17 4.在 “ tooto ; enough to”结 构 中 主 动 表被 动 。 tooto也 可 用 被 动 如 ：The problem is too difficult _ (work out) The house is big enough _ (live in).to work outto live in 18 5. 不定式用于某些动词的（have, have got, get, want, need）宾语后做后 置定语时，主 动 表 被 动：e.g. I have some letters to write. I want something to drink.不定式与所修饰的名词为被动的动宾关系，与句子的主语为主动的主谓关系时，不定式用主动表被动。 19 但是注意：I have something to type. (我自己打) I have something to be typed. (请别人打)所以：当不定式的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时就用主动表被动，若不一致，则需用被动表被动。I have a letter to post. (自己寄) I have a letter to be posted. (请别人寄) 20 6. be worth/ need / want / require/deserve/bear +doing,主 动 表 被 动In all, the book is worth reading. = is worthy to be read.Such a man as Mr Smith is not worth helping.Such a man as Mr Smith is not worthy to be helped 21 The plants need wateringevery day . = need to be watered.The wall wants repairing =to be repaired. H e is ill. H e deserves sending to hospital. =to be sent to hospital. 22 7.不 定 式 与 疑 问 词 连 用e.g. Which movie to watch has not been decided yet. I dont know what to do next. 8. 在 “ with + 宾 语 + to do”结 构 中 。例 如 ：With nothing _ (do) ， he lay in bed With so many exercises _ (finish)， I cant go to the cinemato do to finish 23 1. 这 些 孩 子 需 要 细 心 照 料 。2. 他 不 知 道 接 下 来 要 怎 么 表 达 自 己 。3. 这 个 问 题 很 好 解 决 。These children need looking after carefully.H e didnt know how to express himself. This problem is very easy to work out. 24 4. Im going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything _ to your parents?5. I have a meeting to_ today.（ 今 天 我 有 一 个 会 议 要 参 加 。 ）6. Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter _ ?7. There is nothing _ （worry about）.8. The pen _ (write) smoothly.9. H e asked _(send) to the place where he was most needed.to be takento be posted attendto worry aboutwritesto be sent