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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,名词,1,名词1,什么是名词？,名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称。,名词分为,专有名词和普通名词,专有名词,:,表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。,例如,: China,中国,Asia,亚洲,Beijing,北京,普通名词,:,表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。,例如,: teacher,老师,tea,茶,reform,改革,2,什么是名词？名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称。2,普通名词又可进一步分为四类,1),个体名词,:,表示单个的人和事物。,horse,马,car,汽车,room,房间,apple,苹果,fan,风扇,picture,照片,2),集体名词,:,表示一群人或一些事物的名称。,people,人们,family,家庭,army,军队,government,政府,group,集团,3,普通名词又可进一步分为四类3,3),物质名词,:,表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。,fire,火,steel,钢,air,空气,water,水,milk,牛奶,4),抽象名词,:,表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。,labour,劳动,health,健康,life,生活,friendship,友情,patience,耐力,4,3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。,名词又可分为可数名词（,Countable Nouns,）和不可数名词（,Uncountable Nouns,）,不可数名词,（,1,）用,much, a little, a lot of /lots of some, any,等修饰不可数名词。如：,The rich man has a lot of money.,5,名词又可分为可数名词（Countable Nouns）和不可,（,2,）如何在不可数名词中表示,“,一个,”,这个概念,一条新闻,a piece of news,一条意见,a piece of advice,一张纸,a piece of paper,一份工作,a piece of work,一块巧克力,a bar of chocolate,6,（2）如何在不可数名词中表示“一个”这个概念6,可数名词,名词怎么变复数呢？,可以变复数,7,可数名词名词怎么变复数呢？可以变复数7,1).,规则变化,一般在名词后加,s.,如,boyboys, penpens,等。,以,s, x, sh, ch,结尾的，在后面加,es.,如,classclasses,但,stomach,的复数为,stomachs.,以辅音字母,+y,结尾的，,y,变为,i,，然后再加,es.,如,babybabies.,8,1).规则变化8,以,f,或,fe,结尾的名词把,f,或,fe,改为,v,再加,es.,如,knife, half, leaf, wolf,等。,以,o,结尾的名词，除,tomato, potato,等少数在后面加,es,外，一般是在后面直接加,s.,如,kilokilos, photophotos, zoozoos, radioradios, pianopianos, videovideos.,9,以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为v, 再加es. 如k,不规则变复数：,manmen, womanwomen, footfeet, toothteeth,，,child-children,，,mousemice,单复数形式相同如：,sheepsheep, deerdeer, JapaneseJapanese, ChineseChinese,等。, 有些名词形式上是单数，实为复数意义，通常被称为复数名词，如：,people, police,等。,10,不规则变复数：10,由,-man,和,-woman,构成的合成词如：,policemanpolicemen, EnglishmanEnglishmen,，,Englishwoman-Englishwomen,但,German,不是合成词，故复数形式为,Germans.,另外被,man,或,woman,修饰的名词变复数时，两个名词都要变。,例：,a man doctor two men doctors,a woman teachersome women teachers,但,: apple treeapple trees,11, 由-man和-woman构成的合成词如：policema,有些名词只有复数形式，如：,clothes, trousers, glasses, chopsticks,等。,数词,+,名词作定语时， 常采用数词,+,单数名词形式，,如,a two-week holiday,an 8-year old girl.,另一种常见的形式有,five minutes walk, two days leave,等。,12, 有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes, trouse,名词所有格,一、表示有生命物的名词的所有格,1.,单数名词词尾加,s,， 复数名词如果词尾没有,s,，也要加,s,。,the boys bag,男孩的书包,Mikes knife,迈克的刀子,the childrens room,孩子们的房间,mens room,男厕所,13,名词所有格一、表示有生命物的名词的所有格13,2.,若名词已有复数词尾,s,，只加,the students bags,学生们的书包,the teachers reading-room,教师阅览室,14,2.若名词已有复数词尾s，只加 14,3.,表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加,s,。如表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加,s,。如：,This is Tom and Jasons room.,这是汤姆和杰森共有的房间。,These are Toms and Jasons rooms.,这些是汤姆和杰森各自的房间。,15,3.表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加s。,二、,.,表示无生命物的名词所有格,1,、如果名词是无生命的，我们就要用名词,+of +,名词的结构来表示所有关系。,the windows of the house,房间的窗户,the title of the song,歌的名字,the picture of the family,家庭照片,16,二、.表示无生命物的名词所有格16,2,、在表示名词所有格时，,s,结构可以转换成,of,结构。,the girls name the name of the girl,女孩的名字,my fathers friend the friend of my fathers,我父亲的朋友,17,2、在表示名词所有格时，s结构可以转换成of结构。17,3,、有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加,s,来构成所有格。,Beijings street,北京的街道,todays newspaper,今天的报纸,ten minutes walk,十分钟的路程,18,3、有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可,一按要求填入单词的适当形式。,1,Two_ live in this building. (family),2,Look at those _. (child),3,I can see a _ standing near the door. (policeman),4,There are some _ on the table. (glass),5,Would you like some _? (bread),19,一按要求填入单词的适当形式。1Two_ l,6,I have two _. (sister),7,I like _. (cat),8,Do you want some _ for supper? (potato),9,He has two _. One is old ,the other is new .(watch),10,In autumn ,you can see a lot of _ on the ground. (leaf),20,6I have two _. (sister,二选用下列正确的单词或词组，在正确的选项上打,1,Do you drink much (milk, milks)?,2,I visited (Tom, Toms) house yesterday.,3,He had two (cup ,cups) of tea.,4,This is (Tom and Marys ,Toms and Marys) house.,5,Give me a (piece of ,)paper, please.,6,I dont want (a, an)old cap.,7,Look at those (sheep, sheeps ).,8,How many (radioes , radios ) can you see?,9,There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class.,10,That bag is my (fathers, fathers bag.),21,二选用下列正确的单词或词组，在正确的选项上打1Do y,三将下列句子变成复数形式,1,This is a knife. _,2,That is a tomato. _,3,I have a wish. _,4,That child is very lovely. _,5,An Englishman stood there. _,22,三将下列句子变成复数形式1This is a knife,四写出下列名名词和词组的所有格,1,a sister _,2,a boy _,3,today _,4,a baby _,5,a camel _,6,men _,7,birds _,8,two days _,9,John and Mary,（两人共有的）,_,23,四写出下列名名词和词组的所有格1a sister,五用,s, s,替换下列词组,1,the leg of the boy _,2,the key of the girl _,3,the tail of the cat _,4,the friend of my fathers_,5,the toys of the boy_,24,五用s, s替换下列词组1the leg of th,6,the songs of the birds _,7,the servants of the queen _,8,the shirts of the men _,9,the violin of the girl _,10,the pen of John,_,25,6the songs of the birds _,
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