疾病概论课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,1,Conspectus of Disease,Concept of health and disease,Etiology of disease,Pathogenesis of disease,Outcome of disease,1Conspectus of Disease Concept,2,Health,健康是指不仅没有疾病,而且是一种躯体上、精神上和社会上的完好状态。,Health indicates not only withou any,evidence of disease , but also a state,of complete well-being physically ,psychologically and socially.,2 Health健康是指不仅没有疾病, 而且是一种躯体上,3,Health,健康是指不仅没有疾病,而且是一种躯体上、精神上和社会上的完好状态。,Health indicates not only withou any,evidence of disease , but also a state,of complete well-being physically ,psychologically and socially.,3 Health健康是指不仅没有疾病, 而且是一种躯体上,4,Health,健康是指不仅没有疾病,而且是一种躯体上、精神上和社会上的完好状态。,Health indicates not only withou any,evidence of disease , but also a state,of complete well-being physically ,psychologically and socially.,4 Health健康是指不仅没有疾病, 而且是一种躯体上,5,Health,健康是指不仅没有疾病,而且是一种躯体上、精神上和社会上的完好状态。,Health indicates not only withou any,evidence of disease , but also a state,of complete well-being physically ,psychologically and socially.,5 Health健康是指不仅没有疾病, 而且是一种躯体上,6,Health,健康是指不仅没有疾病,而且是一种躯体上、精神上和社会上的完好状态。,Health indicates not only withou any,evidence of disease , but also a state,of complete well-being physically ,psychologically and socially.,6 Health健康是指不仅没有疾病, 而且是一种躯体上,经常保持微笑,和饱满的精神状态,经常保持微笑,保持高度的自信心,保持高度的自信心,9,要有目标和追求,9要有目标和追求,10,该乐的时候,也要乐一乐,10该乐的时候,11,Health,健康是指不仅没有疾病,而且是一种躯体上、精神上和社会上的完好状态。,Health indicates not only withou any,evidence of disease , but also a state,of complete well-being physically ,psychologically and socially.,11 Health健康是指不仅没有疾病, 而且是一种躯体,12,要乐于,助人,12要乐于,13,学会和别人一起分享喜悦,13学会和别人一起分享喜悦,14,学会和各种人愉快的相处,14学会和各种人愉快的相处,15,经常和别人合作 并从中获得乐趣,15经常和别人合作,16,要学会宽恕他人,16要学会宽恕他人,17,要有几个知心朋友,17要有几个知心朋友,18,要尊重弱者,18要尊重弱者,19,最后，不要为钱所累,19最后，不要为钱所累,20,Idealism(,唯心论）,Popular viewpoint,Ancient Indian Medicine,Ancient Chinese Medicine,Generally accepted concept,Different viewpoint about,disease,20Idealism(唯心论） Different view,21,Disease,在病因作用下，机体的,稳态,破坏,而发生的异常生命活动,Abnormal life process of,deregulated,homeostasis,caused,by harmful agents,21 Disease在病因作用下，机体的稳态破坏Abnorm,22,Sub-health,Sub-health,health,disease,22Sub-healthSub-healthhealthdi,23,在很多疾病中出现的共同的,、,成套,的病理变化,Pathological process,Some common and collective pathological,alterations presented in a group of disease,23在很多疾病中出现的共同的、成套 Pathological,24,Etiology of Disease,24Etiology of Disease,25,Etiology,研究,疾病发生的,原因和条件,及其作用机制,25 Etiology研究,26,疾病发生的原因,引起疾病并赋予该疾病,特征的因素,26 疾病发生的原因 引起疾病并赋予该疾病,27,致病特点,致病取决于机体的感受性,受机体免疫功能的影响,入侵门户及繁殖部位不同,Biological agents,Kinds and characteristics of,causative factors,27 致病特点 Biological agents Ki,28,28,29,致病特点,致病取决于机体的感受性,受机体免疫功能的影响,入侵门户及繁殖部位不同,Biological agents,Kinds and characteristics of,causative factors,29 致病特点 Biological agents Ki,30,致病特点,常只引起疾病的发生,常没有明显的潜伏期,一般没有器官选择性,Physical agents,30 致病特点 Physical agents,31,致病特点,常有器官选择性,在体内有积蓄作用,致病与机体的解毒,和排泄功能有关,Chemical agents,31 致病特点 Chemical agents,32,Nutritional agents,营养物质缺乏,基本物质缺乏,微量元素缺乏,营养过剩,32 Nutritional agents 营养物质缺乏,33,Genetic factors,*,遗传物质改变致病,基因突变引起分子病,染色体畸变引起染色体病,遗传易感性,33 Genetic factors*遗传物质改变致病,34,Congenital factors,*,作用于胎儿的有害因素,图：唇裂,图：无脑儿,34 Congenital factors*作用于胎儿的有害,35,Immunological factors,hypersensitivity,autoimmunity,immunodeficiency,35 Immunological factors hyper,36,Psychological factors,Social factors,36 Psychological factors Socia,37,Kinds and characteristics of,causative factors,biological agents,physical agents,chemical agents,nutritional agents,genetic factors,congenital factors,immunological factors,psychological factors,social factors,37 Kinds and characteristics o,38,疾病发生的条件,影响疾病发生的因素,38 疾病发生的条件影响疾病发生的因素,39,原因与条件的关系,原因在条件的基础上起作用,原因与条件是相对的,39 原因与条件的关系原因在条件的基础上起作用,40,Pathogenesis of Disease,40Pathogenesis of Disease,41,1. Reversal role of cause and result,因果交替,原因,1,结果,1,原因,2,结果,2,原因,3,General rule for pathogenesis,of disease,411. Reversal role of cause an,42,外伤,大出血,血容量,血压,交感,N,兴奋,血管收缩,组织缺血,微循环淤血,特点,链式发展,有主导环节,42外伤大出血血容量血压交感N兴奋血管收缩组织缺血微循环,43,外伤,大出血,血容量,血压,交感,N,兴奋,血管收缩,组织缺血,微循环淤血,恶性循环,特点,链式发展,有主导环节,实践意义,增加预见性,指导治疗,可形成恶性循环,43外伤恶性循环特点实践意义可形成恶性循环,44,损伤,抗损伤,2. Damage and anti-damage,损伤与抗损伤,General rule for pathogenesis,of disease,1. Reversal role of cause and result,44损伤抗损伤2. Damage and anti-dama,45,外伤,大出血,血容量,血压,交感,N,兴奋,血管收缩,组织缺血,微循环淤血,45外伤,46,外伤,大出血,血容量,血压,交感,N,兴奋,血管收缩,组织缺血,微循环淤血,46外伤,47,相互联系,相互对抗,损伤,抗损伤,特点,两种力量对比决定疾,病发展的方向,47相互联系, 相互对抗损伤抗损伤特点两种力量对比决定疾,48,损伤,抗损伤,病情好转,相互联系,相互对抗,两种力量对比决定疾,病发展的方向,特点,48损伤抗损伤病情好转相互联系, 相互对抗特点,49,损伤,抗损伤,病情恶化,相互联系,相互对抗,两种力量对比决定疾,病发展的方向,特点,49损伤抗损伤病情恶化相互联系, 相互对抗特点,50,损伤,抗损伤,可相互转化,相互联系,相互对抗,两种力量对比决定疾,病发展的方向,特点,50损伤抗损伤可相互转化相互联系, 相互对抗特点,51,外伤,大出血,血容量,血压,交感,N,兴奋,血管收缩,组织缺氧,微循环淤血,51外伤,52,外伤,大出血,血容量,血压,交感,N,兴奋,血管收缩,组织缺氧,微循环淤血,52外伤,53,3. Local and system,局部与整体,2. Damage and anti-damage,General rule for pathogenesis,of disease,1. Reversal role of cause and result,533. Local and system2. Damage,54,Neural and homoral,mechanism,神经体液机制,Cellular,mechanism,细胞机制,Molecular,mechanism,分子机制,Fundamental mechanisms for,diseases,54 Neural and homoral mechanis,55,Outcome of Disease,55Outcome of Disease,56,outcome of disease,recovery,death,complete recovery,incomplete recovery,56outcome of diseaserecoveryde,57,Death,Concept,Traditional,concept,频死期,临床死亡期,生物学死亡期,过,程,57Death ConceptTraditional con,58,机体作为一个整体的功能,永久停止,Death,Concept,Modern,concept,58机体作为一个整体的功能Death ConceptMode,59,机体作为,一个整体的功能,永久停止,*,Sign of death-,brain death,Death,Concept,Modern,concept,59机体作为一个整体的功能*Sign of death-,60,全脑功能不可逆性永久性停止,Death,Concept of,brain death,A state of prolonged irreversible,cessation of all brain activity,60全脑功能不可逆性永久性停止Death Concept o,61,全脑功能,不可逆性永久性停止,Death,Concept of,brain death,A state of prolonged irreversible,cessation of,all brain activity,61全脑功能不可逆性永久性停止Death Concept o,62,自主呼吸停止,不可逆性深昏迷,颅神经反射消失,瞳孔散大或固定,脑电波消失,脑血循环完全停止,Criteria,of,brain death,62自主呼吸停止 Criteria of brain dea,63,确定复苏的时间界限,减轻家属和社会的负担,有利于死者材料的利用,实行脑死亡标准的意义,63确定复苏的时间界限 实行脑死亡标准的意义,64,祝同学们,健康,进步,64祝同学们,