保持肠道健康课件

MaintainingIntestinalHealth保持肠道健康MaintainingIntestinalHealthIntestineisthemainorganinthebody肠道是身体内主要的器官肠道是身体内主要的器官80%oftheimmunesystem80%的免疫系统的免疫系统Heavilyinfluencedbydietandmanagement受日粮和饲养管理的影响非常大受日粮和饲养管理的影响非常大IntestineisthemainorganinIntestine 肠道肠道Fat脂肪脂肪Protein蛋白质蛋白质Severalfactorsaffectabsorption一些影响消化吸收的因素一些影响消化吸收的因素1.Quantityofnutrient营养物质的数量营养物质的数量2.Qualityofnutrient营养物质的质量营养物质的质量3.Healthoftheanimal动物健康状况动物健康状况4.Microbialpopulation微生物种群微生物种群Carbohydrates碳水化合物碳水化合物Intestine肠道Fat脂肪Protein蛋白质SeIntestine肠道肠道Disruption of good bacteria can occur with:以下原因会破坏正常的肠道菌落群以下原因会破坏正常的肠道菌落群1.Abrupt feed changes 生硬的换料生硬的换料2.Interruptions in feed and water supply 饲料和饮水中断饲料和饮水中断3.Contaminated feed and water 饲料和饮水污染饲料和饮水污染4.Some antibiotic treatments 一些抗生素处理一些抗生素处理1.Coccidiosis/Enteritis/Focal Duodenal Necrosis 球虫病球虫病/肠炎肠炎/十二指肠局灶性坏死十二指肠局灶性坏死3.Mycotoxins 霉菌毒素霉菌毒素Intestine肠道DisruptionofgoodIntestinalfunctionovertime肠道功能随时间的变化Decreasedabsorptionovertime随时间增加消化吸收减弱Increasingnutrientdensity?增加营养浓度？Increasingabsorption?增加消化吸收？Arteries动脉IntestinalfunctionovertimeFeedqualityandquantity饲料质量和数量Limitingaminoacids限制性氨基酸Digestibilityofnutrients营养物质的可消化性Particlesize颗粒大小Digestaviscosity消化物粘性Courseparticlepreference颗粒大小偏好HighNon-StarchPolysaccharidediets高非淀粉多糖饲料Stickydroppings粘性粪便Feedqualityandquantity饲料质Waterquality饮水质量Watertemperature水温Coolwatercanimprovefeedintakeandproductioninhotclimates气候炎热时提供冷水可以增加采食量和生产性能pHpH值Minerals矿物元素Trace踪迹Bacteria细菌Waterquality饮水质量WatertempeGood health 身体健康身体健康Increasedproduction生产性能提升Goodfeathercover羽毛覆盖良好Activeandalert机警并且有活力Poor health 健康状况不良健康状况不良Lackofproduction生产性能不好Generalsignsofdisease表现出疾病的特征Ruffledfeathers杂乱褶皱的羽毛Liquidfeces拉稀Signsofgoodhealth身体健康的标志Goodhealth身体健康IncreasedproCoccidiosis球虫病ModifiedfromSaxonet1996-2005Coccidiosis球虫病ModifiedfromCoccidiosis球虫病ModifiedfromSaxonet1996-2005Coccidiosis球虫病ModifiedfromCoccidiosis球虫病ModifiedfromSaxonet1996-2005Coccidiosis球虫病ModifiedfromCoccidiosis球虫病ModifiedfromSaxonet1996-2005Coccidiosis球虫病Modifiedfrom保持肠道健康课件Coccidiatreatment球虫病的治疗Vaccination免疫Immunityat16weeks16周左右进行免疫Notpassedfromparenttooffspring不会垂直传播Coccidiostats抗球虫药Monesin(Coban)能霉素Narasin(Maxiban)甲基盐霉素Amprolium安普罗铵Coccidiatreatment球虫病的治疗VacClostridialdiseases梭菌疾病NecroticEnteritis坏死性肠炎 C.perfringens 产气荚膜梭状芽胞杆菌GangrenousDermatitis坏疽性皮炎 C.septicum,C.sordellii,C.colinum,败毒梭菌，索氏梭菌，肠道梭菌 C.perfringens 产气夹膜梭状芽胞杆菌Botulism肉毒中毒 C.botulinum 肉毒梭菌 Focalduodenalnecrosis十二指肠局灶性坏死?Clostridialdiseases梭菌疾病Necr保持肠道健康课件FocalDuodenalNecrosis十二指肠局灶性坏死FocalDuodenalNecrosis十二指肠局灶Clostridialdiseases梭菌疾病IntheUSA,bacitracin(BMD)at25gpertonoffeedisthemostcommonandsuccessfultreatment在美国，每吨饲料添加25克杆菌肽是最常用和有效的治疗方法Otherantibioticsincluding:其他抗生素包括：oxytetracycline氧四环素chlortetracycline金霉素penicillin青霉素neomycin新霉素tylosin泰乐菌素erythromycin红霉素Clostridialdiseases梭菌疾病IntFeedadditives饲料添加剂Allfeedadditiveshavesimilargoals所有饲料添加剂都有相似的目标Increasenutritivevalueoffeedstuffs增加饲料营养价值Increasecommensalbacterialpopulation增加共生的细菌群落Decreasepathogenicbacterialpopulation减少致病的细菌群落Decreaseaffectofpathogenicbacteria降低致病细菌的影响Feedadditives饲料添加剂AllfeedFeedadditives饲料添加剂Enzymes酶Prebiotics益生元Probiotics益生菌Feedadditives饲料添加剂EnzymesFeedadditives饲料添加剂Enzymes酶Phytase植酸酶-glucanase,xylanase,cellulase葡聚糖酶，木聚糖酶，纤维素酶Proteases蛋白酶Feedadditives饲料添加剂EnzymesPPPhytateandPhytase肌醇六磷酸和植酸酶StarchPHYTASEPPPPPHYTASEPHYTASEP=PhosphorusPPPhytateandPhytase肌醇六磷酸和植酸Hen day egg production%25-3333-478787.58888.58989.59090.591-+Mirzaie etal.,2012Effectsofxylanasesupplementationonperformanceofhensfedwheatbaseddiets向小麦基础日粮中添加木聚糖酶后对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响ba饲养日产蛋率饲养日产蛋率%Mirzaieetal.,2012EffectsofEffectsofxylanasesupplementationonperformanceofhensfedwheatbaseddiets向小麦基础日粮中添加木聚糖酶后对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响Feed conversion ratio(g feed/g egg)25-3333-471.761.781.81.821.841.861.881.9-+Mirzaie etal.,2012ba饲料转化率（饲料饲料转化率（饲料/蛋）蛋）EffectsofxylanasesupplementEnzymes酶Pros优点Improveslessthanoptimaldiets改善质量不理想的饲料Reducesenvironmentalimpact降低环境的影响Decreasedcost减少成本50kcal/kgApparentMetabolizableEnergy50千卡/千克表观代谢能1%protein1%蛋白质0.1%availablePhosphorus0.1%可利用磷Cons缺点Optimalsupplementationlevels?最佳的添加水平？Diminishedreturnswhenusingmultipleenzymes多种酶混合使用时效果降低Notdiseasetreatment对疾病无治疗效果Fewifanywaterdeliveryoptions不能添加到饮水使用Enzymes酶Pros优点Cons缺点Issuestoconsider需要考虑的问题Heattreatment热处理Cantdigestabove100%消化率不会超过100%Matchenzymetoyourneeds根据需要选择适用的酶Bespecific具有特效的Issuestoconsider需要考虑的问题HeaPrebiotics益生元Indigestible难以消化Caneffectmicrobiota可以影响微生物群Foodforbeneficialbacteria益生菌群的食物Bindstobacteria与菌落群捆绑Prebiotics益生元Indigestible难Salmonella(log colony forming unit)ControlMoltedMolted+prebiotic01234567Effect of prebiotic on Salmonella shedding益生元对沙门氏菌传播的影响益生元对沙门氏菌传播的影响保持肠道健康课件Yeastsupplementationandshellweight补充酵母和蛋壳重量%yeast in dietShell weight(g)00.10.155.966.16.26.36.46.5YeastsupplementationandshelPrebiotics益生元Pros优点Improvebacteriainthegut改善肠道菌群Protectionfromdisease增强疾病抵抗力Mineralabsorption?矿物元素吸收？Potentialforimprovedperformance提高生产性能潜力Cons缺点Highfiberdiets高纤维日粮Cantargetincorrectbacteria错误的目标菌落Nowaterdelivery不能饮水添加Costsavingshardtomeasure难以测定是否节约成本Prebiotics益生元Pros优点Cons缺点Probiotics益生菌Mechanismsnotalwaysprovenin vivo机制在活体内并不经常有效Effectsonhost影响宿主Effectsonothermicroorganisms影响其他菌群Veryspecificinaction活性非常特殊Highlyvariable变化性非常大GramnegativeGramnegative革兰氏阴性革兰氏阴性Lactobacillus spp.Lactobacillus spp.乳酸菌乳酸菌Lactobacillus reuteri Lactobacillus reuteri 罗伊氏乳杆菌罗伊氏乳杆菌BroilerLayinghen肉鸡产蛋鸡Manyclaimsunproven许多未经证实的说法Probiotics益生菌MechanismsnProbioticmechanisms益生菌的机制Probioticmechanisms益生菌的机制保持肠道健康课件Performanceoflayinghensfedvariousprobiotics饲喂不同益生菌的蛋鸡生产性能Hen day egg production(%)controlprob-1prob-2prob-38686.58787.58888.58989.5饲养日产蛋率饲养日产蛋率PerformanceoflayinghensfedPerformanceoflayinghensfedvariousprobiotics饲喂不同益生菌的蛋鸡生产性能Feed conversion ratio(g feed/g egg)controlprob-1prob-2prob-31.9822.022.042.062.082.12.122.14饲料转化效率（饲料饲料转化效率（饲料/蛋）蛋）PerformanceoflayinghensfedProbiotic益生菌Pros优点Canimproveperformance可以提高生产性能Moreeggs更多鸡蛋BetterFeedConversionRatio更好的饲料转化效率Immunomodulation免疫调节Betterifgivenpriortochallenge受到外界影响之前使用效果较好Cons缺点Highlyvariable变化性太大Manyunprovenclaims许多未经证实的说法Varietyofstrains菌株多样Probiotic益生菌Pros优点Cons缺点Otherfeedadditives其他饲料添加剂Synbiotics合生素Organicacids有机酸pHpH值Phytogenics源于植物的物质Plantextracts植物提取物Otherfeedadditives其他饲料添加剂Feedadditivesworkinconcert饲料添加剂的协同作用Knownbenefit-commensalbacteriaproducelacticacid已知的有益共生菌群会产生乳酸Organicacid-Lacticacidindiet有机酸日粮中的乳酸Probiotics-Directdoseoflacticacidbacteria益生菌直接产生乳酸菌Prebiotics-Shouldincreaselacticacidbacteria益生元增加乳酸菌FeedadditivesworkinconcertSummary总结Intestinalhealthimportantforoptimalperformance肠道健康对于发挥理想的生产性能十分重要Diseaseshindersperformance疾病阻碍生产性能的发挥Feedadditivescanhelpperformance饲料添加剂可以改善生产性能Challengesetting外界环境的影响Lessthanoptimaldiets不理想的饲料Summary总结Intestinalhealth保持肠道健康课件